大型风能发电机组叶片再设计系统研究（英文）

叶片的外形设计和翼型的选择是影响风力机性能和产能效率最为核心的技术。提出了一种大型风能发电机组叶片再设计的原理和方法,对叶片模型进行剖析,寻找几何特征,探索制约叶片形状的基本因素,确定叶片截面参数计算公式,利用所开发的叶片翼型自动生成系统,完成了叶片的再设计,并得到了实际应用。结果表明:这种再设计方法满足产品设计需求。     

大型风能发电机组叶片反求再设计

叶片的外形设计和翼型的选择等都能影响风机性能和产能效率。提出一种大型风能发电机组叶片反求再设计的原理和方法,通过对大型风能发电机组叶片反求测量、大型风能发电机组叶片逆向CAD建模,寻找几何特征,探索制约叶片形状的基本因素,确定叶片截面参数计算公式,利用所开发的叶片翼型自动生成系统,完成了叶片的再设计,并得到了实际应用。     

风力机叶片内侧翼型综合改型对翼型气动性能影响

针对风力机叶片内侧翼型,研究其改型前后的气动性能,揭示在叶片内侧相对厚度、相对弯度、尾缘厚度综合改进翼型的规律。通过Profili和Matlab软件对翼型相对厚度、相对弯度和尾缘厚度参数化处理,用Profili和Fluent软件数值模拟,对比原始翼型和改进翼型升阻力系数、升阻比及翼型表面压强和速度分布。结果表明:综合改进翼型不能单纯将相对厚度、相对弯度、尾缘厚度按各自最佳综合改进,需进一步研究综合改进翼型方法;在叶片内侧保证结构强度的前提下,按相对弯度在最佳的基础上增大1%弦长左右,尾缘厚度在最佳的基础上减小2%弦长左右,改进后的翼型气动性能较好。研究结论可供风力机叶片翼型设计和改型量化参考。     

垂直轴风轮叶片翼型的性能对比分析

提出基于Profili软件与Fluent软件的风力机翼型性能快速准确对比方法。基于正问题设计给出一种新的叶片翼型,对比新翼型和初始翼型的几何形状、气动系数和流场分布情况。研究发现:新翼型上下表面的压差明显增大,其综合特性优于初始翼型。采用数值模拟和试验研究相结合的方法,对采用上述两种翼型的垂直轴风力机的气动性能进行分析。结果表明:推动新风轮的合力矩要高于初始风轮受到的合力矩,新风力机的启动特性有了明显改善,单位时间的发电量至少增加了10%。     

风力机叶片结构设计与数值模拟

采用CFD技术对NACA0018型、NACA63A010型、NACA4412型、NACA23012型4种代表性翼型进行仿真分析,得出其单叶片翼型的压力场、速度场、升力系数和阻力系数变化情况,并对仿真过程中得到的曲线进行分析,得到4种翼型在不同风速工况下的气动特性因数。采用4种翼型中气动性能最优的NACA0018翼型,作为风力机叶片的截面翼型,借助MATLAB和SolidWorks软件完成风力机叶片结构建模。     

大型空腔叶片的三维逆向造型研究

研究了大型空腔定子叶片逆向造型的若干关键技术:数字化测量方法、数据处理和三维模型重构.定子叶片的型面非常复杂,具有空间大曲率翼型结构,其造型设计对于对流体的流动特性影响很大.并且叶片具有空腔结构,常规的数字化测量方法很难简便地测得完整的点云数据.针对该空腔叶片的特殊结构,设计了一种合理的测量方案和数据精简方案,并进行了模型重构,最终得到了叶片的三维模型.大型空腔叶片的逆向三维造型研究可以缩短定子叶片的改进和创新设计周期,为叶片的铸模设计及后续加工提供依据.     

大型空腔叶片的三维逆向造型研究（英文）

研究了大型空腔定子叶片逆向造型的若干关键技术:数字化测量方法、数据处理和三维模型重构。定子叶片的型面非常复杂,具有空间大曲率翼型结构,其造型设计对于对流体的流动特性影响很大。并且叶片具有空腔结构,常规的数字化测量方法很难简便地测得完整的点云数据。针对该空腔叶片的特殊结构,设计了一种合理的测量方案和数据精简方案,并进行了模型重构,最终得到了叶片的三维模型。大型空腔叶片的逆向三维造型研究可以缩短定子叶片的改进和创新设计周期,为叶片的铸模设计及后续加工提供依据。     

风力机叶片覆冰翼型气动性能的数值模拟

以某1.5 MW风机叶片S818翼型为研究对象,建立了翼型流场有限元分析模型。采用基于Reynolds平均的Navier Stokes不可压缩粘性方程作为流动控制方程,对无冰翼型、霜冰、弦长冰及角冰翼型进行数值模拟分析,得到了-2°-20°攻角下不同厚度叶片翼型的升阻比、速度矢量和表面压力分布。研究结果表明：覆冰越厚,翼型的最大升阻比降幅越大。对于弦长冰和角冰在厚度达到一定值时,使得升阻比损失产生较大的突变。在覆冰厚度都为10 mm时,角冰的最大升阻比减幅最大,达到22.04%;其次是弦长冰为11.97%,霜冰的最小为6.41%。同时结冰后的翼型会提前进入失速区,导致桨叶气动性能恶化,降低了风机的功率系数。     

风力机叶片覆冰翼型气动性能的数值模拟（英文）

以某1.5 MW风机叶片S818翼型为研究对象,建立了翼型流场有限元分析模型。采用基于Reynolds平均的Navier-Stokes不可压缩粘性方程作为流动控制方程,对无冰翼型、霜冰、弦长冰及角冰翼型进行数值模拟分析,得到了-2°-20°攻角下不同厚度叶片翼型的升阻比、速度矢量和表面压力分布。研究结果表明:覆冰越厚,翼型的最大升阻比降幅越大。对于弦长冰和角冰在厚度达到一定值时,使得升阻比损失产生较大的突变。在覆冰厚度都为10 mm时,角冰的最大升阻比减幅最大,达到22.04%;其次是弦长冰为11.97%,霜冰的最小为6.41%。同时结冰后的翼型会提前进入失速区,导致桨叶气动性能恶化,降低了风机的功率系数。     

基于CFD的垂直轴式风力机关键技术研究

在垂直轴风力机结构设计的基础之上,采用CFD技术对其流场及气动性能作了深入分析。根据分析结果来研究叶尖速比、叶片翼型、叶片安装角度等因素对风力机气动性能的影响,得出了翼型在叶尖速比λ=2、风速约为12 m/s时,风力机风能利用率最大,从而为风机叶轮优化设计提供了参考。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.