HPLC梯度洗脱法测定对乙酰氨基酚异丙嗪注射液中的主药及对氨基酚

目的 采用HPLC法同时测定对乙酰氨基酚异丙嗪注射液中的对氨基酚、对乙酰氨基酚和盐酸异丙嗪.方法 采用Phenomenex C18柱(200 mm x4.6 mm、5μm),流动相为0.05 mol·L-1醋酸铵(A)-甲醇(B),梯度洗脱为0(85%A)→10 min(85%A) →11min(20%A)→30 min(20%A)→31min(85%A),二极管阵列检测,对氨基酚的测定波长为232nm、对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸异丙嗪的为253nm.结果 对氨基酚、对乙酰氨基酚和盐酸异丙嗪分离良好,三者的线性范围分别为5.2～104.6ng、0.23-4.67μg、0.26～5.10μg;r均为0.9999;平均回收率均为100.0%、100.4%、100.9%;RSD分别为1.3%、0.3%、0.8%(n=9).结论 所用方法结果准确,重复性良好,简便可行.     

多波长系数法测定散利痛片中3组分的含量

目的 建立简单快速测定散利痛片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、异丙安替比林含量的方法.方法 建立多波长系数法同时测定散利痛片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、异丙安替比林3组分的含量.结果 对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、异丙安替比林线性范围分别为4.00～14.0 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 4),0.806～2.82 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 3),2.40～8.40 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 2),平均回收率分别为100.1%,100.4%,101.1%,RSD分别为1.4%,1.6%,1.2%(n=9).结论 本法方便、快速、准确,适用于散利痛片生产过程中的快速质量控制.     

HPLC法测定小儿氨酚匹林咖啡因片中四种成分的含量

目的:建立HPLC法同时测定小儿氨酚匹林咖啡因片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林及水杨酸的含量.方法:采用岛津ODS-VP色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);以甲醇-0.01mol·L-1磷酸溶液(30:70)(用三乙胺调节pH值至3.1)为流动相;检测波长为220nm;流速为1.0 mL·min-1.结果:在建立的色谱条件下,对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林、水杨酸的线性范围分别为12.6～126 nag·L-1(r=0.999 9);3.0～30.0 rag·L-1(r=1.000 0);23.0～230 mg·L-1(r=0.999 8);0.115～6.9 mg·L-1(r=1.000 0).对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林的平均回收率分别为99,1%(RSD=1.32%,n=9);100.0%(RSD=0.57%,m=9);99.0%(RSD=1.09%,n=9).结论:本法简便、快捷,准确度高,专属性强,重现性好,可用于小儿氨酚匹林咖啡因片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林的含量测定及水杨酸的限度控制.     

HPLC法同时测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中3种成分的含量

目的建立同时测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏、咖啡因的高效液相色谱含量测定方法。方法采用D iam onsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;甲醇-0.05 m ol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(20∶80)(1%磷酸调pH3.0)为流动相;流速:1.0 m l/m in;检测波长:210 nm。结果对乙酰氨基酚的线性范围为0.490 2~29.412 0μg(r=1.000 0)、平均回收率(n=9)为100.3%,RSD为0.43%;马来酸氯苯那敏的线性范围为0.003 992~0.239 520μg(r=0.999 9),平均回收率(n=9)为100.5%,RSD为0.20%;咖啡因的线性范围为0.030 64~1.838 40μg(r=1.000 0),平均回收率(n=9)为100.5%,RSD为0.23%。结论本方法简便、结果准确,可用于制剂的含量测定和质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中3种成分的含量

目的建立同时测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、马来酸氯苯那敏、咖啡因的高效液相色谱含量测定方法。方法采用D iam onsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;甲醇-0.05 m ol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(20∶80)(1%磷酸调pH3.0)为流动相;流速:1.0 m l/m in;检测波长:210 nm。结果对乙酰氨基酚的线性范围为0.490 2~29.412 0μg(r=1.000 0)、平均回收率(n=9)为100.3%,RSD为0.43%;马来酸氯苯那敏的线性范围为0.003 992~0.239 520μg(r=0.999 9),平均回收率(n=9)为100.5%,RSD为0.20%;咖啡因的线性范围为0.030 64~1.838 40μg(r=1.000 0),平均回收率(n=9)为100.5%,RSD为0.23%。结论本方法简便、结果准确,可用于制剂的含量测定和质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定感冒灵颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量

目的建立HPLC法同时测定感冒灵颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法色谱柱为Welch Xtimate C18柱(5μm 4.6×250mm),以甲醇-1%醋酸(用二乙胺调节至pH 3.7)(38∶62)为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1,柱温为40℃,PDA检测器,波长260nm。结果对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、马来酸氯苯那敏的线性范围分别为49.90~499.0μg·mL-1(r=0.9997),1.028~10.28μg·mL-1(r=0.9999),1.087~10.87μg·mL-1(r=1.000),平均加样回收率(n=9)分别为98.71%(RSD 1.2%),99.17%(RSD1.4%),100.78%(RSD为1.6%)。结论本方法快速、简便、准确,重现性好,可作为控制感冒灵颗粒质量的方法。     

HPLC法同时测定复方氨酚烷胺片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量

目的建立复方氨酚烷胺片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量测定方法。方法用KromasilC18色谱柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),以0.1%醋酸溶液-甲醇(50:50)(用二乙胺调pH至3.7)为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为272nm。结果对乙酰氨基酚和无水咖啡因的线性范围分别为100.12～300.36μg·mL-1(r=0.9997)和5.51～16.54μg·mL-1(r=0.9999),平均回收率分别为99.3%,RSD=1.1%(n=5)和98.4%,RSD=0.5%(n=5)。结论本法适用于复方氨酚烷胺片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量测定。     

HPLC测定复方氨酚苯海拉明片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定复方氨酚苯海拉明片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的含量。方法采用KromasilC18色谱柱(4.5 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(30∶70),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为280 nm,柱温为室温,进样体积为20μL。结果对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的线性范围分别为80~320 mg.L-1(r=0.999 7,n=7)和10~30 mg.L-1(r=0.999 7,n=5);高中低3种浓度的平均回收率分别为100.7%(RSD=0.69%),101.3%(RSD=0.53%),n=9。结论本方法简便、准确、灵敏、回收率高。     

HPLC法同时测定氨麻苯美片中4种主要成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定氨麻苯美片中盐酸伪麻黄碱、对乙酰氨基酚、氢溴酸右美沙芬和盐酸苯海拉明等成分含量的HPLC方法。方法:色谱柱为Kromasil 60-5CN(25 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱;以乙腈-pH3.0的40 mmol.L-1三乙胺水溶液(20∶80)为流动相;检测波长为215 nm;流速为1.0 mL.min-1。结果:盐酸伪麻黄碱、对乙酰氨基酚、氢溴酸右美沙芬和盐酸苯海拉明的线性范围分别为6.036~150.9μg.mL-1(r=1.0000),65.42~1636μg.mL-1(r=0.9989),3.010~75.25μg.mL-1(r=1.0000),50.90~127.2μg.mL-1(r=1.0000);加样回收率(n=9)分别为98.5%,100.9%,99.1%和99.6%。结论:本法简单、快速、准确,可用于氨麻苯美片中4种主要成分的同时测定。     

HPLC法测定小儿咳喘灵颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定小儿咳喘灵颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱含量的方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent-ODS-3(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(5∶95)为流动相;检测波长为207 nm,流速为1.0 ml.min-1,柱温25℃。结果盐酸麻黄碱线性浓度范围在0.0306~0.306μg,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.52%,RSD=0.39%(n=9),盐酸伪麻黄碱线性浓度范围在0.0278~0.278μg,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为99.49%,RSD=0.52%(n=9)。结论本法简单准确,重复性好,可作为小儿咳喘灵颗粒的质量控制方法。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.