1,4-双[(5-芳基-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-)亚甲基]哌嗪的合成及其抗菌活性

目的研究多杂环化合物的合成方法和抗菌活性.方法将2-芳基-5-氯甲基-1,3,4-噁二唑(h～1n)与哌嗪缩合得相应的双取代哌嗪目标化合物(2a～2n).用试管稀释法,研究目标化合物的体外抑菌活性.结果合成了14个新化合物,其结构经MS、IR、1H-NMR和元素分析确证.多数化合物在体外表现出较好的抑菌活性.结论双噁二唑杂环取代的哌嗪化合物有可能成为新型结构的抗菌药物.     

2-甲基-5-(E)-(邻甲氧基苯亚甲基)环戊酮Mannich碱类化合物的合成及其抗炎活性

目的 设计合成2-甲基-5-（E）-（邻甲氧基苯亚甲基）环戊酮曼尼希碱类化合物，并对其抗炎活性进行初步评价。方法 以N-环戊烯基吗啉、邻甲氧基苯甲醛及多种胺类为原料，经多步反应全成目标化合物，并以二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型测试目标化合物的抗炎活性。结果 共合成8个新化合物，经IR，^1H-NMR和MS确证其结构。其中两个化合物的抗炎活性与阿司匹林相当。结论 羧基a位被烷基取代的环戊酮曼尼希碱仍具有较强的抗炎作用。     

咪唑并［2,1-b］［1,3,4］噻二唑及杂环氨曼尼希碱盐酸盐的合成及抗菌活性

为了进一步优化由噻二唑核稠合的水溶性稠杂环化合物的合成方法及抗菌活性，本文用2-(4-甲氧苯基)-5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑(2)与α-氯代-4-氯苯乙酮(3)缩合得6-(4-氯苯基)-2-(4-甲氧苯基)-咪唑并［2,1-b］［1,3,4］噻二唑(4)，4与取代哌嗪发生亲核取代反应得到6-(4-取代哌嗪-1-苯基)-2-(4-甲氧苯基)-咪唑并［2,1-b］-［1,3,4］噻二唑(5)，5与杂环氨进行曼尼希反应并与盐酸成盐得目标化合物6-(4-取代哌嗪-1-苯基)-2-(4-甲氧苯基)-5-杂环氨基甲基-咪唑并［2,1-b］［1,3,4］噻二唑盐酸盐(1)。用试管二倍稀释法评价了15个新化合物的体外抗菌活性，结果表明，随着极性基团的引入，抗菌活性显著提高，提示该类化合物的结构修饰值得进一步研究。     

6-(4-取代乙酰氨基苯基)-4，5-二氢-3(2H)哒嗪酮衍生物的合成及其抑制血小板聚集活性

目的:研究引入杂环类基团对6-(4-取代乙酰氨基苯基)-4,5-二氢-3(2H)哒嗪酮类化合物抗血小板凝集活性的影响.方法:设计合成未见报道的目标化合物10个,所有化合物均经过1H-NMR谱等确证;参考Born方法进行体外药理实验.结果:所有化合物都具有抗血小板凝集的活性,其中化合物(5),(9)和(10)的抗血小板凝集活性明显优于MCI-154.结论:杂环基团的空问位阻和亲水性对化合物抗血小板凝集的活性有影响.     

N-取代苯基-2-(4-取代苯基)环丙烷-1-甲酸乙酯-1-酰胺的设计、合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的设计、合成N-取代苯基-2-(4-取代苯基)环丙烷-1-甲酸乙酯-1-酰胺类化合物,并进行抗肿瘤活性研究。方法采用微波反应,经缩合、环化、水解以及酰胺化等反应合成目标化合物。所合成化合物经1H NMR谱图和质谱进行确证,并对其进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选。结果设计、合成了20个环丙烷酰胺类化合物。体外药理活性实验显示,所合成的目标化合物具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,其中5b对A549细胞的IC50值为6.8μM,具有进一步研究的价值。结论对氯苯基取代化合物比对三氟甲基苯基取代化合物有更好的抗肿瘤活性;酰胺芳香环吸电子基团化合物活性优于供电子基团化合物。     

β-榄香烯芳杂环衍生物的合成及体外抗癌活性研究

目的 设计合成β-榄香烯芳杂环衍生物,并进行体外抗癌活性筛选.方法 以β-榄香烯为起始原料,经烯丙位的氯代反应,合成β-榄香烯氯代物,再通过亲核取代反应在β-榄香烯母体上引入含氮芳杂环合成目标化合物.采用SRB法测定目标化合物对癌细胞增殖的抑制作用.结果 共合成9个未见报道的β-榄香烯类化合物,其结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱确证.所有化合物对3种人癌细胞HL-60、HeLa、SGC-7901的IC50值均远低于β-榄香烯.结论 在β-榄香烯结构中引入含氮芳杂环,可改善化合物的水溶性,显著提高体外抗癌活性.     

N-3，4，6，7-四氢-2H-取代嘧啶并[1，6-c]喹唑啉-2-烯胺类衍生物的合成及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的合成N-3,4,6,7-四氢-2H-取代嘧啶并[1,6-c]喹唑啉-2-烯胺类衍生物,并对其进行体外抗肿瘤活性研究。方法以4,6-二氯嘧啶和6-氨基-1,4-苯并二氧杂环为起始原料,经过氨化、Suzuki偶联、缩合反应和环合反应合成一系列N-3,4,6,7-四氢-2H-取代嘧啶并[1,6-c]喹唑啉-2-烯胺类化合物,并采用MTT法对其体外肿瘤活性进行研究。结果设计并合成了18个目标化合物,结构经~1H-NMR和MS确证。活性测试结果显示多个目标化合物抗肿瘤活性与阳性对照药索拉非尼相近。结论发现了一类全新结构的骨架分子,目标化合物具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,为新型抗肿瘤化合物的设计与合成提供思路。     

4-芳胺基-6-烷氧基蝶啶类化合物的合成与抗肿瘤活性

目的合成一系列4-(N-芳基)胺基-6-烷氧基取代蝶啶类化合物,并测试其对A549、VX-2肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制作用。方法以3-氨基吡嗪-2-羧酸甲酯为起始底物,经氨化、卤代、合环、取代等反应合成目标化合物,采用系列波谱手段(IR、核磁共振氢谱、质谱)进行结构表征,并进行体外抗肿瘤活性实验。结果采用微波合成法进行芳胺化反应,合成16种目标化合物,其结构均未见文献报道。化合物7p对VX-2细胞的抑制活性最高(IC50值14. 28μmol·L~(-1)),活性与阳性对照物吉非替尼和伊马替尼相当。结论目标化合物7p显示出良好的抗肿瘤活性,值得进一步深入研究。     

恩诺沙星噁二唑硫酮曼尼希衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的为发现氟喹诺酮C-3羧基等排体的优化方法。方法用噁二唑硫酮杂环替代恩诺沙星(1)C-3羧基,以曼尼希碱作为修饰侧链,设计合成了10个新的恩诺沙星C-3羧基等排体——噁二唑硫酮曼尼希碱目标化合物(4a-4j),其结构经元素分析和光谱数据确证。用MTT(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐)方法评价了目标化合物体外对SMMC-7721、L1210和HL60 3种癌细胞的生长抑制活性。结果目标物对3种实验癌细胞的生长抑制活性强于母体化合物1和中间体噁二唑酮3的活性,其中以哌嗪和对氟苯胺为胺供体目标化合物对SMMC-7721细胞的活性高于其他胺供体化合物的活性,其活性与对照阿霉素的活性相当。结论噁二唑硫酮杂环可作为氟喹诺酮C-3羧基的等排体,用曼尼希碱侧链修饰可显著提高其抗肿瘤活性。     

1-(3-酞酰亚胺基-2-氧丁基)-4-取代苯基哌嗪的合成及抗HIV-1逆转录酶活性

目的合成新型的非核苷类(双杂环苯基)化合物,并观察其抗HIV1-逆转录酶(HIV1-RT)活性。方法以氮芥盐酸盐为起始原料,与不同取代苯胺反应,得到相应的不同取代的哌嗪盐酸盐,并与1-溴-3-酞酰亚胺基-2-丁酮(4)缩合,得到目标化合物。结果合成11个目标化合物(5～15)。经¹HNMR,红外和元素分析确定结构。结论经HIV逆转录酶P-66蛋白测定,化合物11,14,10和13有一定抑制HIV1-RT活性,其IC₅₀分别为29.80,35.20,43.77和63.76 μmol·L^-1。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.