水中脉冲高压放电诱导产生H_2O_2和O_3的研究

采用自制的针一筒电极脉冲高压放电装置进行水中高压放电诱导产生H2O2和O3的实验,研究了电极间距,放电电压,放电时间,放电方式曝气条件等因素对诱导产生H2O2和O3的影响,同时对放电过程能耗及其效率进行了研究.结果表明:电极间距和放电时间对产生H2O2和O2的浓度有较大影响,放电电压和放电方式影响不大.曝气条件下进行高压放电时,水中会产生NO2ˉ,NO2ˉ等阴离子,水体系pH降低,电导率增大.放电过程能量有效利用率为88.3%.     

高压脉冲放电对靛蓝二磺酸钠脱色效能研究

研究了针-板电极高压脉冲放电对靛蓝二磺酸钠的脱色效能.试验表明,单纯高压脉冲放电对靛蓝二磺酸钠具有一定的氧化脱色效果,其脱色率随着电压上升、电极间距缩小、溶液电导率降低及pH值降低而升高.Fe2 对该过程具有良好的催化效果.在0.1 mmol/L Fe2 的作用下,高压脉冲放电在20 m in内可以将5 mg/L靛蓝二磺酸钠脱色98.6%,比不加Fe2 相同条件下的脱色效率(11.9%)提高了7倍多.试验结果表明,脱色过程与该过程中产生的过氧化氢以及Fe3 有关,由于Fe2 的投加,脱色过程中可能发生了Fenton反应.     

高压脉冲放电等离子体处理酸性橙Ⅱ染料废水的实验研究

研究多针-板电极形式的高压脉冲放电等离子体体系对酸性橙Ⅱ染料废水的脱色效果,并研究脱色机理.结果表明,实验中所采用的多针-板电极形式的高压脉冲放电等离子体体系对酸性橙Ⅱ染料废水的脱色效果明显.在相同的脉冲电压下,系统的脉冲频率、电极间距以及溶液初始pH值和初始浓度等因素对溶液的脱色效果影响显著.在脉冲电压为30 kV,脉冲频率为75 Hz,电极间距为2.5 cm的实验条件下,反应体系放电60 min对酸性橙Ⅱ的脱色率可达92.7%.此项研究结论为进一步研究多针-板电极形式的高压脉冲放电等离子体体系的放电作用提供了依据.     

高压脉冲放电等离子体处理有机废水试验研究

采用针-板式高压脉冲放电等离子体反应器处理苯酚有机废水.考察了脉冲电压峰值、电极间距、氧气鼓入量等因素对苯酚去除率的影响.在脉冲电压峰值为25 kV,电极间距为20 mm,氧气鼓入量为150 mL/min,溶液初始pH值为5.5的试验条件下,苯酚废水放电处理60 min的去除率可达96.8%.研究表明,高压脉冲等离子体技术处理有机废水具有良好的应用前景.     

电极材料对接触辉光放电电解的影响（英文）

通过监测辉光放电产生过程中的电流、电压变化,对比分析特征电压随电解液电导率的变化,考察不同电极材料(铂、不锈钢、钨、钛)对接触辉光放电电解(CGDE)的影响.结果表明,电解液初始电导率为1.0-8.0m S/cm时,临界电压随电解液初始电导率的增大逐渐减小,最后趋于常数.电解液初始电导率为3.0 m S/cm、电极直径分别为0.5 mm铂丝、不锈钢丝、钨丝、钛丝时,辉光放电等离子体产生的临界电压分别为500、491、530和540 V.同时考察了电极材料对CGDE产生过氧化氢和降解酸性橙的影响,并对其能量效率进行对比分析.     

液电等离子体降解对硝基苯酚的研究

采用频率为150 Hz、峰值电压为30 kV的高压放电电源为液电等离子反应器电源,设计了放电电极水平间距为2 cm的针-筒曝气连续式液电等离子反应器,研究了对硝基苯酚废水在该液电等离子反应器中的降解规律.研究表明,经过120 min高压放电降解,对硝基苯酚的降解率可达91.2%,对硝基苯酚废水初始浓度、pH值和电导率影响对硝基苯酚的降解率.降低对硝基苯酚的浓度可提高降解速率,初始pH值小对降解有利;初始电导率的增加不利于降解的进行.采用FT-IR、LC/MS跟踪降解过程中间产物,检测到对硝基苯酚废水降解过程中有醌物种生成,提出了对硝基苯酚的降解主要被自由基攻击,并取代对硝基苯酚的活性住所引起.通过比较,液电等离子体技术是降解对硝基苯酚的有效方法.     

介质阻挡放电中水电极电导率对放电的影响

采用双水电极装置,在介质阻挡放电系统中,首次对水电极电导率对放电系统的影响进行了研究.实验测量了不同电导率下(电导率在2.8～10 000 μS/cm范围内)的介质阻挡放电特性的变化规律,经分析发现:放电的击穿电压随电极电导率的变化而改变.电导率较小时,击穿电压随电导率的增大迅速地减小,电导率大于10 μS/cm时,击穿电压基本保持不变.不同电极电导率下,击穿电压附近的斑图类型不同,其随电导率增大的变化规律与电导率保持不变时升高电压斑图的演化顺序具有一致性.放电回路的总电导与电极电导率的变化不成线性关系.     

滑动弧等离子体降解染料废水及电极腐蚀机理

采用气液两相滑动弧等离子体工艺降解酸性橙Ⅱ废水,研究了放电电压、电极材料、溶液初始pH值和电导率对其降解率的影响。运用GC-MS方法,测定3种气氛下染料的降解产物。根据扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDX)结果,分析电极上脱落的金属废片。结果表明:当氧气流速为0.4m3/h,废水流量为20mL/min,电极间最窄处距离为3.5mm,溶液初始浓度为300mg/L时,放电电压升高,降解率增大,综合考虑能量效率电压选择10kV;以不锈钢为电极时,体系中形成Fenton效应,污染物降解效果最好。初始pH为2～11的酸性橙Ⅱ溶液,经滑动弧放电循环降解一次的溶液,降解率差别较明显,中性条件下最差;强酸和强碱条件下,降解率较高;但4次循环降解后,pH影响不再明显。电导率对溶液降解率的影响不大。3种气氛下,自由基攻击发色基团,苯环、萘环开环,染料脱色,生成中间体和小分子化合物。电极腐蚀主要集中在非平衡等离子区,Fe原子发生选择性溶解;氧元素的含量很高,腐蚀产物主要由Fe2O3和Fe3O4组成。     

脉冲流光电晕脱硫反应器电极配置数值模拟

线-板式非热等离子体烟气脱硫反应器的电极配置形式是影响反应器脉冲流光电晕放电特性及脱硫效率的主要因素之一,线-板电极的配置在一定范围内存在最优方案.从工程应用角度出发,在分析脉冲流光电晕放电机理的基础上,进行了反应器静电场数值模拟,得出了不同电极配置的静电场分布,结合流光形成、发展和传播所必备的静电场条件,优化电极配置.数值模拟结果表明:在施加峰值电压为80kV,放电极半径为0.2cm,线-板间距为10cm时,线线最佳间距为6～8cm.     

高压放电降解甲基橙废水的研究

通过对放电电压、甲基橙浓度、降解时间和溶液电导率等因素的考察,研究了高压放电降解甲基橙废水工艺.研究表明:在输入电压为11.2 kV,高压放电时间为10 min时,甲基橙的降解率能达到99%以上;甲基橙在高压放电下的降解反应属于假一级反应,随着初始浓度的增加,降解速率增加,降解后溶液呈酸性;甲基橙废水的电导率影响甲基橙的降解,随废水电导率增加,甲基橙降解率下降.甲基橙废水经高压放电后,废水的COD降解了87%,降解后水体澄清透明.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.