绿色能源二甲醚的开发利用

叙述了研究和开发能源载体在生产和使用过程中对环境危害很小的清洁能源，是我国化学工业的一个重要研究方向。介绍了绿色能源二甲醚的特性和技术开发现状，就二甲醚在国内外的生产和应用进行了分析，提出了我国发展二甲醚的优势和需要的政策支持建议。     

新型清洁能源二甲醚的开发和应用

介绍了二甲醚的生产方法和用途,通过二甲醚的物理化学性质分析了二甲醚做清洁能源的可行性,指出开发二甲醚的经济性、环保性和对我国经济可持续发展的战略意义,其发展前景非常广阔。     

二甲醚经济:解决中国能源与环境问题的重大关键

中国的资源环境与人口增长、经济发展之间的矛盾 ,在 2 1世纪的前 30年内 ,将是对整个中华民族的最为严峻的挑战。资源的有效利用、环境的改善、经济和社会的发展 ,所有这一切都需要发展一种可靠的清洁能源。由于我国煤炭资源丰富、油气资源相当有限 ,从煤中寻找新型的能源载体已迫在眉睫。讨论了二甲醚 (DME)的性质、制备方法和用途 ;分析了其对经济、社会和环境的优势 ;阐述了在 2 1世纪前 30年内二甲醚是一种技术成熟、经济性好、污染排放介于石油和氢能之间的中国所需的能源。DME还是我国能源系统跨越式发展的最有前途的领域 ,也是中国最重要的能源载体之一。最后 ,指出中国应早日建立“DME经济” ,东西部应基于自身条件发展“二甲醚经济”。     

国内现运行二甲醚(DME)生产工艺路线对比

在国家大力倡导清洁能源替代战略的今天,以煤为原料生产新型清洁能源二甲醚的生产工艺越来越受到关注,但根据所用原料及用途的不同,工艺过程也有所不同,就国内典型的二甲醚生产工艺过程进行了对比分析.     

河北凯跃化工100万吨／年二甲醚装置一次试车成功

本刊讯 石油价格在近期的剧烈震荡，使我国能源战略开始接受严峻的考验，因此，寻找一种既清洁又便宜的替代能源，实现国家能源多元化战略已成为能源领域的当务之急。6月22日，100万吨／年二甲醚生产装置在河北凯跃化工集团有限公司一次试车成功，经过一个月的试运行，其产品质量稳定，纯度达到99．5％以上。这不仅标志着凯跃集团已成为国内大型清洁能源生产基地，也标志着中国煤制二甲醚将整体进入工业化和实用化阶段。     

常温精脱硫与甲醇催化剂5年应用总结

0前言 久泰能源科技有限公司是以生产甲醇、二甲醚为主要产品的大型化工能源企业。该公司自主研发的“液相复合酸法催化脱水生产二甲醚”工艺已获得国家专利。其工艺技术达到领先水平，现己形成了年产250kt甲醇、1000kt二甲醚的生产能力，是目前世界上规模最大的二甲醚生产企业。     

二甲醚应用与发展现状

(上接第7期第24页)山东久泰化工生产的二甲醚产品已被国家科技部十五国家科技攻关计划列为清洁汽车产业化关键技术研究与示范项目;与西安交通大学等联合研发的二甲醚清洁能源应用技术、二甲醚替代氟利昂技术、二甲醚混配燃用技术及二甲醚下游产品的开发利用技术均已成熟,并且全部进入了市场应用阶段。     

二甲醚的应用前景探讨

随着科技的进步,二甲醚越来越受人们的关注。二甲醚良好的物理化学性质使其成为一种运用广泛的清洁能源。二甲醚可用作气雾剂、制冷剂、发泡剂以及各种清洁及环保的燃料,它的应用前景非常广阔。本文对二甲醚的性质及应用前景进行了简要的阐述。     

二甲醚有望成石油替代主要产品

日前,国家发改委下发<国家发改委办公厅关于印发二甲醚产业发展座谈会会议纪要的通知>,在众多煤化工产品中,二甲醚有望脱颖而出,成为石油替代主要产品,有关部门正在制定二甲醚作为民用燃料的使用标准,二甲醚发展将获得国家政策支持.有关部门认为,二甲醚是适合我国能源结构的替代燃料,未来政策将支持二甲醚产业走规模化、大型化发展道路.     

21世纪新能源二甲醚的发展前景

被称为21世纪新能源的二甲醚具有广阔的市场前景，但要想在新一轮的能源结构调整中占据一席之地，仍需突破自身技术难题，降低成本，同时需要国家政策积极扶持。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。