采用二期翻修置换治疗TKA术后膝关节假体周围感染

目的探讨采用二期假体翻修置换治疗人工全膝关节置换(TKA)术后假体周围感染的疗效。方法对5例(5膝)TKA术后出现假体周围感染患者行二期假体翻修置换术:一期清创后,置入抗生素骨水泥旷置,术后使用6周敏感抗生素,停药后连续2次穿刺培养细菌阴性,C反应蛋白(CRP)和血沉(ESR)逐步下降至正常后行二期假体置换,并用抗生素骨水泥固定。结果术后5例均获平均随访20(3~36)个月,均无感染复发。HSS评分由术前平均38(10~60)分提高至术后6周的78(65~84)分,末次随访时HSS评分平均82(65~88)分,膝关节活动度平均86°(60~100°)。结论二期假体翻修置换可以彻底清除感染灶,并使膝关节获得良好的功能,是治疗TKA术后假体周围感染的有效方法。     

感染性人工膝关节翻修术中抗生素的选择

目的:探讨二期翻修术治疗人工膝关节术后感染的抗生素选择原则.方法:1990～2000年本科采用二期翻修术处理11膝人工膝关节术后感染.第1次手术时,彻底清创后膝关节内植入庆大霉素骨水泥间隙垫,之后根据细菌的药物敏感试验结果和医生的经验选择合理的抗生素治疗6周以上(非胃肠道途径).翻修术后平均随访32个月(24～43个月),采用膝关节临床评分系统对这些膝关节进行评估.结果:没有一个翻修的膝关节因为感染或者无菌性松动而接受再次翻修术,所有部件均获得良好固定.最后一次随访时,平均膝关节功能评分从翻修术前的0分增加到术后的63分(20～100分),平均膝关节疼痛评分从术前的42分(24～50分)增加到术后的95分(87～100分).结论:为彻底清除人工膝关节术后感染,临床医生应该尽量明确致病菌,根据药物敏感试验的结果和医生的经验选择有效的抗生素进行系统的治疗,并在膝关节内使用抗生素骨水泥间隙垫.     

旋转铰链膝假体在全膝关节置换翻修术后的临床效果

目的探讨使用旋转铰链膝假体进行全膝关节置换(TKA)术后翻修的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2008年10月至2013年5月,广东省人民医院骨科行人工TKA术后翻修且进行随访的重度膝关节畸形患者,其中采用旋转铰链型膝关节假体为10例(10膝)。收治的10例(10膝)TKA术后因假体松动或膝关节感染而需行全膝关节翻修的患者,采用一期翻修或一期清创加自制含抗生素骨水泥植入,可旋转绞链膝假体二期翻修方法治疗。术后进行随访并采用膝关节协会评分(HSS)及膝关节活动度评估膝关节功能。结果全部病例获得2~57个月随访,平均随访时间29个月。10例膝关节全部治愈,无下肢深静脉血栓及肺部感染等并发症。患者膝关节协会评分由术前37分增加至85分,膝关节活动度由术前65°增加至93°。结论在本研究中使用旋转铰链膝假体进行TKA术后翻修,效果确切,患者膝关节功能恢复满意。     

人工全髋关节翻修术治疗假体置换术后感染

目的：探讨全髋关节置换术后假体周围感染的治疗方法。方法：1998年1月～2002年6月共收治7例全髋关节置换术后感染患者。采用一期全髋关节翻修术3例，二期全髋关节翻修术4例，术后平均随访14个月。结果：患者髋关节评分平均提高37．6分(Harris评分)，经随访无一例感染患者复发。结论：人工全髋关节置换术后感染患者经过彻底清创和使用有效抗生素治疗后，可一期或二期进行全髋关节翻修术，治疗假体周围感染，改善患肢关节功能。     

一种新型间隔器技术在膝关节置换术后感染二期翻修中的应用

目的探讨一种新型间隔器制作方法在全膝关节置换术（TKA）后假体周围感染治疗方面的可行性和有效性。方法本研究纳入2009年7月至2012年1月间收入院的6例TKA术后慢性深部感染患者,采用二期翻修手术治疗第一阶段彻底清创后使用消毒后的股骨假体、新内衬和抗生素骨水泥作为关节间隔器,确认感染控制后行第二阶段膝关节翻修手术。术后观察感染控制情况和关节功能恢复情况。结果共5例患者按计划接受新型间隔器的二期翻修术。平均随访时间（24．4±10．5）个月（8—37个月）;术前、间隔器安置后、二期翻修后平均HSS评分分别为（40±5．3）分（32-46分）,（47±2．6）分（43～50分）,（65．4±2．3）分（62～68分）。术前、间隔器安置后、二期翻修后平均关节活动度分别为（75°±3．5°）（70°-80°）,（94°±4．2°）（90°～100°）,（106。±4．20）（100°-110°）。总体感染消除率为83．3％。结论消毒后假体和抗生素骨水泥组成的间隔器在治疗TKA术后假体周围感染上有优良的临床前景。     

应用抗生素骨水泥间隔体二期翻修治疗人工全膝关节置换术后迟发感染

目的探讨应用抗生素骨水泥间隔体二期翻修治疗人工全膝关节置换术后迟发感染的临床疗效。方法 2007年1月-2009年12月,收治23例(23膝)人工全膝关节置换术后迟发感染患者。男15例,女8例;年龄43～75岁,平均65.2岁。置换术后至出现感染时间为13～52个月,平均17.3个月;发生感染至入院翻修时间为15 d～7个月,平均2.1个月。一期清创、取出假体,植入含庆大霉素抗生素骨水泥间隔体;8～10周感染控制后二期植入假体。分别采用美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分及膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)评价翻修前后患膝功能,并统计总体感染控制率。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。2例二期翻修术后发生再感染,余21例感染控制,总体感染控制率91.3%。患者均获随访,随访时间2～5年,平均3.6年。HSS评分由术前(60.6±9.8)分提高至末次随访时(82.3±7.4)分,KSS评分由术前(110.7±9.6)分提高至末次随访时(134.0±10.5)分,手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。X线片复查示假体位置良好,无松动、断裂、假体周围透亮影等异常表现。结论应用抗生素骨水泥间隔体二期翻修能有效控制人工全膝关节置换术后迟发感染,并能较好恢复患膝功能。     

人工膝关节翻修术治疗初次置换术后假体周围感染的早期临床疗效

目的探讨人工膝关节翻修术治疗初次置换术后假体周围感染的治疗方法选择、围手术期要点和早期临床疗效。 方法2009年7月至2016年6月对华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉中心医院骨外科9例初次人工膝关节置换术后符合美国骨肌感染协会假体周围感染定义的患者进行翻修术,其中女6例,男3例;平均年龄(65 ± 6)岁。2例行一期翻修术,7例行二期翻修术。所有翻修术均使用含抗生素骨水泥。二期翻修术中3例为全抗生素骨水泥关节型占位器,4例为全抗生素骨水泥非关节型占位器。采用配对t检验对术前及术后末次随访的患膝评分和活动范围进行比较。 结果9例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间为(28±25)个月。关节活动范围术前为(43±5)°,术后(87±20)°,差异有统计学意义(t＝－96.6,P<0.01)。疼痛视觉模拟评分术前为(3 ± 2)分,术后(7 ± 2)分,差异有统计学意义(t＝－11.3,P<0.01)。美国特种外科医院膝关节评分术前为(42±10)分,术后末次随访时为(84±5)分(t＝－127.4,P<0.01)。无1例出现感染复发。 结论应用人工膝关节翻修术是治疗初次置换术后膝关节假体周围感染的有效方法,术前仔细的病情评估及正确手术方案选择、术中彻底的感染病灶清理及合适抗生素骨水泥占位器应用、术后规范的抗感染治疗是获得较满意早期疗效的必要条件。     

膝关节二期翻修术治疗假体周围感染的疗效分析

[目的]探讨二期翻修手术治疗膝关节假体周围感染的有效性、失败原因和骨水泥活动间隔物对二期置换术后膝关节功能的影响。[方法]回顾性分析2010年1月~2012年12月因膝关节假体周围感染而行二期翻修手术的病例21例,分析失败原因,比较术前术后患者膝关节评分(KSS)和膝关节活动度。[结果]2例真菌感染病例1例因一期手术后不能控制感染,1例因二期翻修手术后再次发生感染而最终行膝关节融合术。其余19例患者二期手术后平均随访31个月(19~44个月),二期清创膝关节翻修术获得成功。术后KSS膝关节评分、KSS功能评分和膝关节活动度比术前都有明显提高。[结论]膝关节假体周围感染通过一期清创、带抗生素活动型骨水泥间隔物置入、二期翻修手术可以有效治疗感染并重建膝关节功能,而真菌引起的感染是造成手术失败的原因之一。     

采用抗生素骨水泥假体二期翻修治疗人工髋关节感染

目的探讨采用抗生素骨水泥假体二期翻修治疗人工髋关节感染的疗效。方法自1999年6月至2004年10月,14例初次髋关节置换术后感染患者行二期手术。术前Harris评分平均23分。一期手术中将取出的假体彻底清洗,骨水泥垫临时旷置,关节内引流管引流,术后静脉输入抗生素3周后,改为口服抗生素1个月。二期手术于6个月后进行,植入带抗生素骨水泥型假体。结果14例患者均获得随访,随访时间7～26个月,平均18个月。14例患者术后均无感染复发。术后Harris评分平均70分。结论彻底清创、足够间隔期以及二期手术采用抗生素骨水泥假体是有效控制感染复发的有效措施。     

抗生素骨水泥间隔器治疗人工膝关节感染的短期疗效

目的：探讨应用抗生素骨水泥间隔器二期翻修治疗人工膝关节感染的疗效。方法：对24例初次膝关节置换术后感染的患者行52．期翻修手术。所有患者一期手术取出假体并彻底清创,置入使用甲万古霉素lg与骨水泥20g的抗生素骨水泥间隔器。平均间隔11周（6～16周）后二期置换。手术前后膝关节功能行HSS评分。结果：一期处理后所有伤口均愈合,24例均获随访,时间12～31（16．4～5．9）个月。术后无感染复发,随访期间无脱位、深静脉血栓形成等并发症。末次随访时HSS评分72～91（81±6．8）分,较术前23—53（39±8．1）分平均提高（42±1．7）分。优4例,良16例,可4例。无差病例。结论：彻底清创,采用抗生素骨水泥间隔器为局部提供高浓度抗生素的二期翻修术是控制感染的有效措施。     

Metaphyseal Fixation Using Highly Porous Cones in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Minimum Two Year Follow Up Study

BackgroundHighly porous metaphyseal cones have been introduced to restore metaphyseal integrity for improved cement interdigitation to achieve durable fixation in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study is to review the survivorship, clinical results, and complications of revision TKA using highly porous 3-dimensionally printed titanium metaphyseal cones.MethodsThis is a review of 62 revision TKAs using metaphyseal tibial cones, with 15 cases utilizing both tibial and femoral cones. The mean age of the patients was 66 years (range 32-84) who had a mean follow-up of 27 months (range 24-34). There were 38 women and 24 men, who had a mean body mass index of 33 (range 18.3-62).ResultsRevision-free survival of the cones was 90.2%. If infection was excluded, survivorship was 100%. There were no cases of aseptic loosening. The mean Knee Society Score improved from 51 points preoperatively to 80 points at the time of latest follow-up. The mean Knee Society Functional Score improved from 48 points preoperatively to 68 points. A total of 15 of the 62 patients (24%) required additional surgery: 10 (16%) for infection, 3 (5%) for contracture, 1 for patellar subluxation, and 1 for quadriceps tendon rupture.ConclusionMetaphyseal fixation is important for survivorship in revision TKA which can be challenging due to cancellous and structural bone loss encountered at the time of revision. Prosthetic joint infection continues to be the leading cause of failure in revision TKA. The use of highly porous titanium metaphyseal cones produced from 3-dimensionally printed technology used in this study demonstrated excellent short-term results with no cases of aseptic loosening. Further follow-up is required to determine if these results can be durable over a longer period.     

Revision of the unstable total knee arthroplasty: outcome predictors

Revision arthroplasty is often required for confirmed cases of symptomatic tibiofemoral instability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We evaluated the results of revision for TKA instability in a consecutive series of 67 patients (68 knees) between 2000 and 2006. Outcome measures were surgeon-based assessment of knee stability, Knee Society Score, and Short Form Health Survey 36. At an average of 39 months of follow-up, the mean Knee Society Score and Short Form Health Survey 36 physical and mental scores were 76, 53, and 67 points, respectively. Knee instability persisted in 14 patients (22%). Data at the 95% confidence level revealed that revising both the femoral and tibial components, the use of femoral augments, and smaller joint line elevation as measured on radiographs correlated significantly with achieving a stable knee. In revision surgery for TKA instability, revision of both components and the use of femoral augments seem to offer the most predictable outcome.     

Treatment of Large Bone Defects With Trabecular Metal Cones in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty : Short Term Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes

The early term results of 29 cases of revision total knee arthroplasty using highly porous trabecular metal cone implants for femoral and tibial major bone deficit reconstruction (Anderson Orthopedic Research Institute classification type 2B and 3) have been prospectively analyzed. Indications for revision surgery included: aseptic loosening/wear, staged reimplantation after infection, as well as periprosthetic fracture. At an average follow-up of 33 months (range, 13–73 months) the mean Knee Society Score and functional score statistically improved. Radiological follow-up revealed no evidence of loosening or migration of the constructs. No evidence of complications was noted in correlation with the use of trabecular metal cones. This study supports evidence that trabecular metal cones are an efficient and effective option for dealing with significant bone deficits and obtaining stable biological fixation in revision total knee arthroplasty.     

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Component Malrotation is Highly Beneficial : A Case Control Study

Component malrotation is a recognized cause of post total knee arthroplasty (TKA) pain. We reviewed 24 patients who had TKA revision due to component malrotation as the only objective abnormality. Mean combined component rotation was 6.8° excessive internal rotation, as documented by computed tomography. Twenty-four matched control patients had TKA revision due to aseptic loosening. Mean follow-up was 37 months. Preoperative Knee Society Score improved by 49 points at 6 months postoperatively for the malrotation patients and by 39 for the loosening patients. At last follow-up, Knee Society Score was 80 for the malrotation group and 75 for the loosening group. We recommend the use of computed tomography scans in evaluation of all patients with early painful TKAs and no objective evidence of infection. When component malrotation is demonstrated, early revision should be considered.     

Midterm results of cemented Press Fit Condylar Sigma total knee arthroplasty system

PURPOSE: To evaluate the midterm results of 50 patients who underwent total knee replacement using Press Fit Condylar (PFC) Sigma system. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 87 consecutive cases (50 patients with 37 bilateral cases) of PFC Sigma total knee replacement performed between January 1998 and December 1999. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically by an independent observer. The American Knee Society Score, Oxford Knee Score, and Knee Society radiographic assessment were used to rate knee function and to determine the satisfaction level of each patient. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients at the time of operation was 65 years (range, 41-85 years). The mean follow-up period was 5.4 years (range, 4.5-6.4 years). 44 patients (79 knees) were available for follow-up, 3 patients (3 knees) were lost to follow-up, and 3 patients (5 knees) died of unrelated causes. At the final follow-up, the mean Oxford Knee Score was 22. Using the American Knee Society Score, 88% of the knees were rated excellent, 4% good, 2% fair, and 6% poor. Five knees required revision surgery, the indications being infection in 4 knees and aseptic loosening in one knee. The survival rate of the implants was 94% at 6 years. CONCLUSION: The PFC Sigma total knee arthroplasty system has demonstrated good midterm results at our institution.     

Antibiotic-loaded articulating cement spacers in two-stage revision for infected total knee arthroplasty: individual antibiotic treatment and early results of 21 cases

Objective:To detail our early experience and technique of a modified two-stage reimplantation protocol using antibiotic-loaded articulating cement spacers (ALACSs) for treatment of late periprosthetic ...     

Total Knee Arthroplasty After Failed Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy Using Selectively Stemmed Posterior Stabilized Components

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for progression of arthritis after distal femoral varus osteotomy. Twenty-two consecutive distal femoral varus osteotomies converted to TKA were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 2-14 years). Stemmed femoral or tibial components were used in 5 knees with poor bone quality, while the remaining 17 knees were treated with unstemmed components. The mean Knee Society knee and function scores in surviving knees were 91 points (range, 67-100 points) and 64 points (range, 50-70 points) respectively at final follow-up. Two patients underwent revision arthroplasty for polyethylene wear and component loosening at 8 and 11 years after the index arthroplasty, respectively. Standard components provide satisfactory stability in TKA after distal femoral varus osteotomy after appropriate ligamentous balancing, without the need for stemmed or highly constrained components in the majority of patients.     

Clinical Outcomes in Isolated Tibial Revision With Cruciate Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundTibial component loosening is one of the most common modes of failure in contemporary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Limited literature is available on the outcomes of isolated tibial revision with retention of the cruciate retaining (CR) femoral component. The purpose of this study was to determine the results of isolated tibial revisions in CR TKA.MethodsWe identified 135 patients who underwent an isolated tibial revision after a primary CR TKA from our institutional registry between January 2007 and January 2017. The mean time between the primary and revision was 2.9 years (range 0.1-15.4). Revision with a press-fit stem was performed in 79 patients and 56 patients were revised with a fully cemented stem. Patients were evaluated at a minimum of two years using Knee Society Score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score for Joint Replacement, and radiography. Implant survivorship was determined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.ResultsAt a mean follow-up of 5.1 years, there were six (4.4%) repeat revisions: three for periprosthetic infection (2.2%), two for instability (1.5%), and one for a fractured tibial stem (0.7%). The mean Knee Society Score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score for Joint Replacement increased from 51.6 and 56.1 preoperatively to 90.1 and 89.7 after surgery (P < .001). Survivorship free of repeat revision for any cause was 93.3% at 5 years, and aseptic revision survivorship was 95.8% at 5 years. No implants were radiographically loose.ConclusionIn patients with isolated tibial loosening and a well-fixed and well-positioned CR femoral component, isolated tibial revision provides excellent early to midterm implant survivorship and clinical outcomes with a low risk of instability and recurrent tibial loosening.     

结构性植骨修复膝关节翻修术中严重骨缺损的临床效果及相关分析

目的探讨同种异体结构性植骨在膝关节翻修术中大块骨缺损中应用的临床效果和意义。方法1994～2001年芬兰坦佩雷大学医院应用单一翻修假体及同种异体骨结构性植骨治疗膝关节置换术大块骨缺损患者10例（膝）,男1例,女9例,平均年龄70岁（61—77岁）,平均随访5年（1～8年）,所有手术均由两名高年资专科医师执行,采取KSS评分评估术前术后膝关节功能。结果最后随访时,患者膝关节KSS评分由术前的平均39分（4～51分）提高至81分（28—102分;P〈0．05）;疼痛评分由术前的18分（0—30分）提高至42分（10—50分;P〈0．05）。2例出现假体周围透亮线（〈1mm）,但没有任何松动症状;所有结构性植骨均获得满意的愈合,最后随访时没有出现吸收征象,1例患者术后出现膝前疼痛,经髌骨表面置换后症状消失。结论同种异体骨结构性植骨应用在膝关节翻修术中大块骨缺损中可取得满意的临床效果,重建下肢力线、第三代骨水泥技术的应用及有由专科医师实施手术是获得良好临床效果的保证。