Ba_2Ti_9O_(20)高频介质陶瓷结构和介电性能

主要研究了Ba2 Ti9O2 0 陶瓷的结构和介电性能。通过在BaCO3、TiO2 中添加适量的ZnO、Nb2 O5,在 12 6 0℃烧成了介电性能优良的Ba2 Ti9O2 0 陶瓷。XRD研究表明 ,其主晶相为Ba2 Ti9O2 0 ,附加晶相为Ba2 Ti9O9、Ba3Ti12 Zn7O34 、Ti2 Nb10 O2 9     

中温烧结PSBN系统铁电陶瓷结构和性能的研究

本文研究了中温烧结PbO-SrO-BaO-Nb2O5(PSBN)系统铁电陶瓷介电性能.通过XRD分析确定了主晶相为具有钨青铜结构的Pb0.7Ba0.3Nb2O6(PBN)、Ba0.27Sr0.75Nb2O5.78(BSN);分析了添加剂MnCO3、TiO2、Fe2O3、(MgCO3)4.Mg(OH)2.5H2O对PSBN系统铁电陶瓷介电性能的影响.由于这些添加剂的作用使该系统铁电陶瓷介电系数提高,居里区拓宽并向低温方向移动,绝缘电阻提高,损耗降低,制得高介(ε=4300±200)X7R瓷料.     

Ba2Ti9O20高频介质陶瓷结构和介电性能

主要研究了Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷的结构和介电性能.通过在BaCO3、TiO2中添加适量的ZnO、Nb2O5,在12 60℃烧成了介电性能优良的Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷.XRD研究表明,其主晶相为Ba2Ti9O20,附加晶相为Ba2Ti9O9、Ba3Ti12Zn7O34、Ti2Nb 10O29.     

添加剂对Ba(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-Sr(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3陶瓷介电性能的影响

研究了MnCO3,BaZrO3对 0 .35Ba(Zn1 /3Nb2 /3)O3(BZN) -0 .65Sr(Zn1 /3Nb2 /3)O3(SZN)陶瓷介电性能的影响。研究表明 :添加MnCO3,BaZrO3时 ,对陶瓷的烧结均起促进作用 ,增大介电常数。加入 1% (质量分数 )的MnCO3可使陶瓷具有较小的介质损耗 ,同时MnCO3对陶瓷的介电常数温度系数具有正向调整作用。加入BaZrO3后通过生成液相而减少了第二相Ba5Nb4O1 5,BaNb2 O6 的生成。所制备的 ( 0 .35BZN -0 .65SZN) 0 .1%MnCO3陶瓷的εr≈ 43.6,αε≈ -8× 10 - 6 /K ,tanδ =0 .6× 10 - 4 ,且烧结温度低于 130 0℃。     

温度稳定性高的BaO-TiO_2-Sm_2O_3微波介质陶瓷的研究与应用

为了提高BaO-TiO2-Sm2O3介电陶瓷的温度稳定性,对其进行了改性研究。该陶瓷采用固相法制备粉料,XRD和SEM分析其晶相组成和显微结构,采用Sr2+和Nd3+分别取代Ba2+和Sm3+调节其频率温度系数。当Sr2+∶Ba2+=5∶95(mol),Nd3+∶Sm3+=8∶2(mol)时,获得了介电常数为80、频率温度系数接近0ppm/℃、Q.f≥8000GHz的微波介质陶瓷。用该陶瓷制作了中心频率1005MHz的4腔一体化结构的带通滤波器,Δf3dB=29MHz,插入损耗小于2 dB。滤波器经过高温、低温和温度冲击试验后,频率温度系数最大为8.28 ppm/℃,满足通信设备的要求。     

(Ba1-xSrx)(Mg1/3 Ta2/3)O3微波陶瓷介电性能研究

Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3(简称BMT)陶瓷是A(B′1/3B″2/3)O3(A=Ba,Sr;B′=Zn,Mg;B″=Nb,Ta)型复合钙钛矿化合物中的一种,A位由Sr离子取代Ba离子,形成(Ba1-xSrx)(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3(简称BSMT)固溶体型化合物,也具有复合钙钛矿结构。Sr含量x≥0．6时发生相转变,形成一种新的低温相,这是由于氧八面体畸变造成的。这种低温相结构与BMT六方晶系结构相比具有较低的对称性。低温相的形成．可显著降低BSMT陶瓷的烧结温度．在150℃即可烧结致密(BMT为160℃)。BSMT的微观结构和介电性能(如介电常数ε和介电常数温度系数aε)的变化也与此相转变有关。     

CaTiO3对Pb0.95Ba0.05Nb2O6压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用标准电子陶瓷工艺制备了(1-x)Pb0.95Ba0.05Nb2O6-xCa0.5TiO3(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)高温压电陶瓷,研究了CaTiO3对Pb0.95Ba0.05Nb2O6陶瓷的显微组织、相结构,介电和压电性能的影响,得到了CaTiO3掺杂量与Pb0.95Ba0.05Nb2O6陶瓷性能之间的关系.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,CaTiO3的加入使Pb0.95Ba0.05Nb2O6很容易形成正交铁电相,而且相同方法制备纯的PbNb2O6是菱方非铁电相钨青铜结构,随着CaTiO3含量的增加,晶胞体积减小.介电温谱测试表明该改性材料具有高居里温度(Tc＞550℃).测试了不同组成陶瓷的压电性能及其热稳定性,当CaTiO3的掺人量x=0.03时,得到压电常数达到d33=69pC/N、平面机电耦合系数Kp=0.30、机械品质因子Qm=27.8、居里温度Tc=570℃的陶瓷样品,该组成具有优异的热稳定性,适合于高温(500℃)环境下使用.     

铋层状化合物Sr0.3Ba0.7Bi4-xLaxTi4O15陶瓷材料的介电性能

采用固相烧结工艺制备了铋层状化合物Sr0．3Ba0.7Bi4-xLaxTi4O15铁电陶瓷。X射线衍射证实：La含量很大的范围内(x=0～1)均形成了层状钙钛矿结构固熔体。Sr0.3Ba0.7Bi3.25La0.75Ti4O15粉料在低温下难以烧结,随着烧结温度的提高,Sr0．3Ba0.7Bi4-xLaxTi4O15陶瓷密度增加的同时,产生焦绿石相,但La的加入在一定程度上抑制焦绿石相的形成．Sr0．3Ba0.7Bi4-xLaxTi4O15陶瓷的介电常数峰在10kHz时较宽,在100Hz时,介电常数峰被随温度升高而逐渐增大的介电常数所“屏蔽”,材料损耗角正切随温度升高而增大,在低频下增加得更快。     

Sr1-xBaxNb2O6钨青铜铁电陶瓷的结构与介电性能研究

通过固相反应法合成了Sr1-xBax Nb2O6(SBN)钨青铜型铁电陶瓷,并对其结构、介电性能进行了系统的研究.结果表明在所研究的成分范围内,SBN陶瓷均形成了四方钨青铜相,但是SBN25陶瓷的主相为焦绿石相,其他3种成分的SBN陶瓷均为四方钨青铜单相.SBN陶瓷均存在一个明显的弥散介电峰,峰值温度随x的增加从室温(SBN25)升高到130℃左右(SBN60);同时峰值温度随频率往高温偏移,为典型的弛豫铁电相变.     

Mg2+和Sr2+掺杂对CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷微观结构与介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法分别制备了Mg2+及Sr2+掺杂的Ca1-xMgxCu3Ti4O12和Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12(x=0、0.1、0.2)陶瓷,利用XRD和SEM分别对陶瓷的物相结构和微观形貌进行了分析,并对其介电性能进行了测试.结果表明,Mg2+的掺杂易引起CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)化学计量比的偏失,同时陶瓷的致密化程度受到影响,介电常数也显著降低.而Sr2+的掺杂不仅对CCTO陶瓷物相结构影响不大,而且可以促进陶瓷晶粒的长大,并有效降低了CCTO陶瓷的烧结温度.当Sr2+掺杂量为0.2、测试频率在1 k-2.5kHz时,介电常数为104左右,介电损耗在0.05-0.1之间,介电综合性能比纯CCTO陶瓷有所提高.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。