制动摩擦机理与摩擦膜的关联性

摩擦制动是交通车辆和机械设备等正常工作和安全运行的保障,因此,制动用摩擦材料的摩擦学性能研究已成为当今重要的研究课题。主要介绍了树脂基摩擦材料与摩擦配副的摩擦学机理,总结并分析了摩擦界面摩擦膜形成的影响规律和机理,讨论了摩擦界面的接触行为对摩擦膜的形成机理。在摩擦过程中,摩擦膜对摩擦材料的磨损和摩擦稳定性具有重要的作用,因此,摩擦膜的结构和性能是影响摩擦系统的安全和稳定的关键因素。由目前研究结果可知,后期应重点关注新型绿色树脂粘结剂和填料的研发、摩擦界面形成摩擦膜深度表征及摩擦材料结构的优化设计。     

基体和增强体对聚合物基摩擦材料性能影响研究

摩擦系数、磨损率和冲击强度是聚合物基摩擦材料的重要性能指标。本文试验研究基体含量对摩擦系数、磨损率的影响和增强体含量对冲击强度的影响,从理论方面分析增强体对摩擦磨损性能的影响。试验结果表明,在进行聚合物基摩擦材料的配方设计时,要根据所选用酚醛树脂和增强纤维的种类合理控制用量,可达到较好的摩擦磨损性能和冲击韧性。     

聚苯硫醚的合成与应用

聚苯硫醚（PPS）是迄今为止世界上性价比最高的特种工程塑料，由于在电绝缘材料、导电材料、阻燃材料、摩擦材料、耐热材料和聚合物合金等领域有着广泛的应用而逐渐成为国内外研究热点。笔者综述了聚苯硫醚的结构、性能、合成与应用研究进展，并对今后聚苯硫醚的发展进行了预测。     

聚合物/纳米无机粒子摩擦复合材料研究进展

综述了纳米无机粒子聚合物摩擦材料的耐磨机理及其性能,讨论了影响复合材料摩擦性能的因素     

非平衡热力学在摩擦领域聚合物复合材料设计中的应用

以自润滑材料和摩擦材料为例,基于非平衡热力学原理从热量产生和传递的根本问题出发,研究摩擦系数和热导率对材料接触面温度的影响,指导聚合物基复合材料的设计。对于自润滑材料来说,将摩擦热量产生和传递过程假设成两个过程的串联,发现摩擦热产生是摩擦系统整体稳定运行的关键控制因素。对于摩擦材料来说,将摩擦热量传递过程假设成传递热量和分配热量两个过程的并联,发现需采用降低刹车片热导率的逆向思维降低接触面温度。     

非平衡热力学在摩擦领域聚合物复合材料设计中的应用

以自润滑材料和摩擦材料为例,基于非平衡热力学原理从热量产生和传递的根本问题出发,研究摩擦系数和热导率对材料接触面温度的影响,指导聚合物基复合材料的设计。对于自润滑材料来说,将摩擦热量产生和传递过程假设成两个过程的串联,发现摩擦热产生是摩擦系统整体稳定运行的关键控制因素。对于摩擦材料来说,将摩擦热量传递过程假设成传递热量和分配热量两个过程的并联,发现需采用降低刹车片热导率的逆向思维降低接触面温度。     

聚合物基复合材料摩擦与磨损性能的研究进展

介绍了聚合物及其复合材料的摩擦与磨损性能,包括聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、含PTFE及其他聚合物基复合材料的耐磨性能,讨论了填料的种类、尺寸、含量以及填料的协同作用对聚合物基复合材料耐磨性能的影响.结果显示:填料能较好地改善聚合物基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.并总结了聚合物基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究方向.     

碳纳米管在聚合物摩擦材料中的应用

综述了近年来碳纳米管(CNTs)在改善热固性树脂和热塑性树脂摩擦性能方面的研究进展,并展望了聚合物/CNTs摩擦材料今后的研究方向.     

混杂纤维对摩擦材料性能影响的研究

本文采用腰果壳油、三聚氰胺改性粉末酚醛树脂为基体,陶瓷纤维、钛酸钾晶须和kevlar纤维混杂制备制动摩擦材料,研究了不同混杂纤维含量对摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能影响。结果表明,增强纤维含量过低或者过高均会导致摩擦材料摩擦性能的降低。陶瓷纤维、钛酸钾晶须和kevlar三种增强纤维混杂使用能够提高并稳定制动摩擦材料的摩擦系数,对降低摩擦材料的磨损率有明显的作用。推荐在纤维混杂摩擦材料配方中采用25％的纤维含量和3％的Kevlar纤维含量。     

基于修正Archard模型的聚醚醚酮磨损数值模拟

基于端面摩擦磨损实验,研究了摩擦条件对聚醚醚酮(PEEK)磨损率的影响,并以此建立了PEEK的修正Archard磨损计算模型。结合有限元分析软件与网格自适应处理技术,该磨损计算模型被用于实现PEEK在多种摩擦工况下的仿真与预测模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好,说明提出的磨损模型与数值模拟方法的合理性,适用于PEEK在复杂接触条件下的磨损预测。     

Tribological behaviors of hybrid PTFE/nomex fabric/phenolic composite reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Modification of composites was a general method to improve their tribological behaviors. On the way to explore composites with enhanced tribological behaviors, we have successfully prepared hybrid PTFE/Nomex fabric/phenolic composite filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or MWCNTs modified by polystyrene (PS) with a grafting to method. The results of pin‐on‐disc type wear tests indicated tribological behaviors were improved both for hybrid PTFE/Nomex fabric/phenolic composite filled with MWCNTs and MWCNTs‐PS, especially for that of filled with MWCNTs‐PS. And the probable reason was also discussed based on the characterization results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Tribological behaviors of in situ TiB2 ceramic reinforced TiAl-based composites under sea water environment

In this paper, the tribological behaviors of 20 and 40 vol% in situ TiB₂ reinforced TiAl-based composites sliding against SiC balls were investigated in artificial sea water, and TiAl alloy was also studied as a comparison. The results showed that the TiAl-TiB₂ composites are lubricated in artificial sea water and TiB₂ is effective to improve the wear resistance of the TiAl alloy. Also, it was found that the tribological behaviors have a dependency on the applied loads and sliding speeds. Worn surface morphologies and composition together with electrochemical behaviors of the materials were evaluated and related to the tribological behaviors.     

聚醚醚酮复合材料摩擦学性能研究现状

介绍聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的基本物理化学性能,评述粒子填充、纤维增强、有机-无机共混和等离子处理PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究进展,指出今后应加强对多因素协同作用下PEEK复合材料磨损机理、开展PEEK复合材料微观摩擦学及生物摩擦学方面的研究。     

交联型PPS/纳米SiO2复合材料的力学与摩擦学性能研究

通过烧结压制成型制备了不同形貌的交联型聚苯硫醚(PPS)/纳米SiO2复合材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜对材料的磨损表面形貌和磨屑进行了观察和分析,研究了不同体积分数的纳米SiO2对PPS复合材料力学和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米SiO2可以明显提高复合材料的硬度,并明显降低复合材料的摩擦系数;微孔形纳米SiO2比球形纳米SiO2对复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响更为显著,随着纳米SiO2填充量的增加,复合材料的磨损机理由粘着磨损向粘着转移和热挤出转化。     

GF增强PA6复合材料的力学与摩擦性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备玻璃纤维(GF)增强尼龙(PA)6复合材料,研究了GF含量对PA6/GF复合材料力学性能和摩擦性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的磨损机理进行分析.结果表明,GF显著影响复合材料的力学性能和摩擦性能,GF质量分数为15%时增强效果较好,PA6/GF复合材料的缺口冲击强度比纯PA6提高5倍,摩擦因数降低43%,磨损量减少33%.GF含量较低时,PA6/GF复合材料的磨损以磨粒磨损和粘着磨损为主,含量较高时则主要表现为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损.     

S-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)甲基烷基黄原酸酯的合成及其摩擦学性能初步研究

合成了2个新型S-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)甲基烷基黄原酸酯无灰无磷环境友好型润滑油添加剂烷基黄原酸基亚甲基苯并咪唑衍生物;利用1H NMR、13C NMR、IR、UV、MS和元素分析对其结构进行了表征;利用热重实验和油溶性实验考察了其热稳定性及其在有机溶剂中的溶解性;利用四球摩擦磨损实验机考察了合成的添加剂在液体石蜡中的摩擦学性能。结果表明,制备的添加剂可有效地提高液体石蜡的承载力。     

Tribological Properties between Taut Hair Fibers in Wet Conditions: A New Shampoo Formulation for Eliminating Stick-Slip Friction

The tribological properties between taut hair fibers in wet conditions were investigated to evaluate the tangling/detangling performance of shampoo formulations during washing (particularly rinsing). A new setup for friction measurements between taut hair fibers was established. Using the setup, tribological properties of hair fibers treated with two shampoo formulations, whose tangling performances were different, were investigated. The base formulation for the shampoos was the same; the only difference was the type of amino-modified silicones used as conditioning agents. Shampoo (Sp) A (poor detangling performance) incudes water-insoluble silicone, and Sp B (excellent detangling performance) includes water-soluble silicone. The tribological behaviors between taut hair fibers treated with the diluted solutions of the Sp were very different; the Sp A-treated hair exhibited stick-slip sliding, whereas the Sp B-treated hair exhibited smooth sliding. This difference presumably comes from the different coacervation behaviors in the diluted solutions and resulting structure of conditioning film formed on hair surfaces. The smooth sliding (ideal for detangling) of Sp B-treated hair comes from the two-layer structure of the conditioning film on hair; positively charged amino-modified silicone dissolved in water adsorbed immediately on negatively charged hair surface, followed by the physical adsorption of coacervates on the adsorbed silicone layer. The outer coacervate layer is easily removed during sliding, and smooth sliding comes from the low friction of the silicone layer. The relationship between the type of amino-modified silicones, conditioning film formation on the surface, and tribological properties was discussed, which gives insights into designing Sp formulations with excellent detangling performance.     

无机颗粒填充复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究进展

综述无机粒子填充聚合物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能，从磨损类形、机理、填料的摩擦学作用、摩擦副及工况条件(滑动速度、载荷、温度)的影响等几个方面分析了目前填充改性复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究进展情况。试验证实，填料与聚合物、聚合物与摩擦副、填料与摩擦副均可能发生化学反应。     

Preparation and friction properties of PBT/MMT composites

Poly(butylene terephthalate)/clay composites were prepared by direct melt compounding. Two structures were formed as confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of MMT layers does not change the crystal structure and the degree of crystallinity of PBT matrix. The tribological behaviors of neat PBT and PBT/clay composites were studied by the means of a pin‐on‐disk apparatus. It was found that the intercalation of organoclay could help reduce the friction coefficient and the specific wear rate of PBT, while the addition of natural clay was harmful to the friction coefficient and wear resistance of the polymer matrix. The different tribological behaviors of the composites are due to their different morphologies and the difference in the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the clay platelets. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

The effect of different modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes on tribological behaviors of poly(furfuryl alcohol) composite coatings

Three kinds of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with different length were obtained by grafting carboxylic groups on long MWNTs or copolymer groups on short and long MWNTs. The modified MWNTs were examined by infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Afterward, the modified MWNTs were introduced into poly (furfuryl alcohol) (PFA), and the tribological behaviors of the resultant PFA composite coatings were investigated using a ring‐on‐block wear tester under dry friction condition. The dispersion of MWNTs in PFA composites and the worn surfaces were investigated by FESEM. The results indicated that the MWNTs dispersion and the tribological behaviors of PFA composite coatings could be obviously improved by modification with the copolymer. More significantly, under similarly uniform dispersion of MWNTs, the tribological properties of PFA composite coatings with short nanotubes presented better results when compared with those with long nanotubes because of the influence of nanotube length on the degree of modification of the MWNTs surfaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010