基于连续编织-缠绕-拉挤成型工艺的复合材料直管固化研究

根据复合材料固化成型原理,建立采用连续编织-缠绕-拉挤成型工艺生产的复合材料直管的传热模型以及固化动力学模型,利用有限元软件ANSYS和APDL语言开发复合材料直管固化过程数值模拟程序,以三维复合材料直管为模型进行固化数值模拟仿真,从而分析不同参数对采用连续编织-缠绕-拉挤成型工艺复合材料直管固化成型过程中的温度与固化度的影响。通过对复合材料直管模型进行固化数值模拟仿真分析可以得到工艺参数(如初始温度、加温历程、拉挤速度等参数)对固化过程的影响规律。对应用连续编织-缠绕-拉挤成型工艺生产的复合材料直管进行在线温度测试,测试结果表明数值模拟与实际生产工艺贴合,对实际生产有指导意义。     

对称玻璃钢大锥环内固化成型研究及数值模拟

采用有限元方法对复合材料对称玻璃钢大锥环内固化成型进行研究,基于ANSYS仿真软件编写了对称玻璃钢大锥环内固化过程仿真程序,实现玻璃钢大锥环内固化过程温度和固化度变化的数值模拟。结果表明,数值模拟得到的结果符合内固化变化规律;贴近实验数据,模拟准确有效;根据仿真结果得到了玻璃钢大锥环内固化温度变化规律、固化峰值温度随厚度变化规律及锥环不同厚度固化度的变化规律,分析了600~660MW汽轮发电机的玻璃钢大锥环采用内固化工艺能达到完全固化的厚度范围。该研究为玻璃钢大锥环实现高效、低成本成型提供了新方法。     

厚壁橡胶制品非等温硫化过程模拟与实验研究

橡胶的硫化反应过程对制品的最终性能起决定性作用,而厚壁橡胶的硫化是典型的非等温硫化过程,通常难以通过实验测得的等温硫化曲线来直接确定制品的最佳硫化工艺。因此,利用数值模拟技术来研究硫化过程对于橡胶的成型加工具有重要意义。鉴于此,基于传统硫化动力学模型,通过引入初始硫化参数并将反应级数视为温度的二次函数,构建了精度更高的改进硫化模型,同时将橡胶热物性参数视为硫化度和温度的函数,基于C语言和FLUENT预定义宏编写了UDF子程序,实现了橡胶制品硫化过程传热与硫化的耦合模拟。针对典型厚壁橡胶制品的平板硫化成型,通过测温实验和不同硫化程度制品拉伸、DSC测试与断面形貌观测,验证了耦合算法对温度场和硫化度模拟的可靠性。该方法对指导厚壁且结构复杂橡胶制品硫化成型更具实际意义。     

复合材料气瓶内加热固化成型方法及数值模拟研究

采用有限元方法对由玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料和金属内衬组成的复合材料气瓶内固化成型工艺进行研究,利用ANSYS仿真软件开发了复合材料气瓶内固化过程的仿真程序,实现复合气瓶固化过程温度和固化度变化规律的数值模拟研究。结果表明,数值模拟与实际实验数据较吻合,算法准确有效;复合材料气瓶固化时的温度是由复合材料内层至外层逐渐传递的,固化时的峰值温度由内向外逐渐提高,气瓶也是逐层固化的,而且固化时间是由内向外逐渐变短。根据模拟结果分析了金属内衬材质、环境温度和复合材料厚度对温度和固化度变化规律的影响。结果表明,环境温度越高,固化时达到峰值温度的时间越早且峰值温度越低,开始固化的时间越早;复合材料越厚,达到峰值温度的时间越晚且峰值温度越高,开始固化的时间越晚;金属内衬材质对薄壁内衬的复合材料气瓶影响微小。     

环向缠绕成型中光固化表面温度仿真分析及实验研究

针对激光加热固化壳体成型过程中材料带表面温度不易控制而影响成型质量的问题,分析了在成型过程中影响材料带表面温度的相关工艺参数并对其关系进行了理论推导。利用经典ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了热力学瞬态分析模型,模拟了壳体成型过程中材料带表面温度的变化情况,并对仿真结果数据进行了分析。通过实验测试了材料带在工作过程中的温度变化及温度对壳体强度的影响,将实验数据与仿真结果进行了对比,验证了仿真模型的正确性,并且得出了材料带表面成型温度与成型速度及激光功率之间的关系以及成型温度与壳体强度的关系。     

厚壁复合材料纵置板弹簧用预浸料固化工艺及验证

通过差式热扫描量热仪(DSC)方法预测出复合材料板弹簧用预浸料固化度与固化温度及时间的关系,并结合厚壁复合材料板簧本体在模具成型过程中温度场的变化检测,制定出合理的预浸料固化曲线。结果表明,该方法能够很好地解决厚壁复合材料板簧固化过程中加热不均匀、固化度不足的问题,从而缩短整个成型周期。     

壳体制品注塑工艺参数CAE优化分析

应用Moldflow软件对壳体制品注射成型工艺参数进行了优化分析,模拟出制品成型过程中的最佳注塑压力、锁模力、模具温度、熔体温度、注射时间、保压压力和保压时间、冷却时间。采用该成型工艺参数结合合理的注塑模具能注塑出最佳的塑料制品,为成型过程的顺利进行提供指导依据,模拟结果具有一定的理论意义及实际指导价值。     

中空吹塑成型过程数值分析技术的进展

论文对塑料中空吹塑成型过程数值分析的研究和发展状况进行了全面的阐述，针对成型过程的三个阶段：型坯形成，型坯吹胀以及冷却与固化阶段因内外研究者进行数值分析的具体谅才理论依据进行了较详细的论述，并指出毛坯熔融挤出，吹胀成型、冷却和固化是成型周期中紧密衔接的三个过程，目前对各个阶段分别进行研究的较多，而综合考虑气压、温度、冷却时间、高分子材料性能等因素对全过程进行数值模拟的较少见报道，因此还有许多研究工     

纤维缠绕复合材料固化成型中纤维密实过程数值模拟

纤维缠绕复合材料固化成型过程中,缠绕制件的纤维密实程度及单层厚度受缠绕张力、树脂流动影响较大。基于Squeeze-sponge模型,发展了适用于纤维缠绕复合材料固化成型的树脂流动/纤维密实模型。该密实模型考虑了固化度、温度、树脂黏度、渗透率等参数随固化时间的变化特性,并引入缠绕张力、缠绕图案等缠绕特征,实现缠绕制件纤维密实过程的数值模拟。通过对比文献结果,证明了密实模型的可靠。基于密实模型,对不同缠绕张力制度下的纤维密实程度进行数值模拟,结果表明,相较于各层缠绕张力相等的缠绕制度,采用层间压力相等的缠绕制度时,树脂分布更加均匀,各层纤维体分比数值趋于一致,且适当提高远离树脂出口位置的缠绕张力可实现各层纤维体分比数值相等。     

PA66/GF汽车进气歧管工艺模拟及优化

运用相关理论和塑料充型凝固有限元模拟软件Moldflow对玻璃纤维增强尼龙66进气歧管的熔模型芯法成型工艺进行充填流动过程数值模拟,在分析、比较了多组工艺参数方案(即不同的注射温度、模具温度和充填时间)的数值模拟结果后,得到了优化的成型工艺参数,即注射温度为290℃、充填时间为3.9s、模具温度为80℃。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.