腰果壳油改性酚醛胺环氧树脂固化剂性能研究

对比了酚醛胺NX-2003D及聚酰胺Versamid140与环氧树脂Epon828胶粘剂的力学强度,及在室温、低温、潮湿面的粘接强度。通过设计的建筑胶配方,研究了其室温及低温的粘接强度增长速度,及耐湿热老化性能。结果表明,在常温固化时,NX-2003D体系具有与Versamid140体系相近的良好力学强度及粘接性能;但在低温条件下,NX-2003D体系表现出优于聚酰胺140体系的固化性能,在0℃固化7 d及14 d后,NX-2003D体系的拉伸剪切强度分别达到5 MPa及11 MPa以上,可以满足使用要求。NX-2003D体系的耐湿热老化性能及对潮湿面的粘接强度,也明显优于聚酰胺140体系。     

双组分聚氨酯胶黏剂的研究

合成了四种相对分子质量和官能度各不相同的聚酯多元醇,并与MDI反应合成了端羟基及端异氰酸基预聚体,通过红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。用聚醚多元醇与TDI及HDI反应合成了端异氰酸基预聚体。研究了不同体系的粘接性能及热失重情况,结果表明-OH/-NCO固化体系室温剪切强度为35～40MPa、90度剥离强度为5～7kN/m,-NCO/-NH2固化体系室温剪切强度为20～30MPa、90度剥离强度为6～15kN/m。研制的聚氨酯胶黏剂具有优异的耐磨、耐空蚀性能,可用于水轮机过流部件的修补及材料的结构粘接。     

雷达天线罩应急快速修补胶的研究

对不同种类固化剂、增韧剂、稀释剂及其用量对环氧树脂性能的影响进行了考察,并对环氧树脂在不同温度、湿度下固化的性能进行了研究。结果表明,曼尼希改性胺在高湿条件下固化性能最佳;随着增韧剂A用量的增加,体系的剪切强度和剥离强度先增加后降低;稀释剂A的含量增大,体系的黏度下降,但粘接强度也随之下降。研制的胶黏剂室温剪切强度约20MPa、90度剥离强度为2～3．5kN／m,固化2h剪切强度就达4～10MPa,可用于雷达天线罩的快速修补及材料的结构粘接。     

多元醇与环氧树脂共混改性的研究

采用自制的聚酯多元醇对环氧树脂进行共混改性,对改性环氧树脂固化物的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度、剪切强度等进行了考察,同时探讨了多元醇分子量变化及加入量不同对性能的影响。结果表明,改性后的体系韧性得到了明显的提高,如冲击强度从13.2kJ/m2提高到26.3kJ/m2。室温剪切强度从24.2MPa提高到43.75MPa。     

室温固化高性能胶粘剂的研制

为了改善环氧树脂(EP)胶粘剂对某些金属和非金属材料的粘接性能,采用自制的增韧剂改性EP,制备了一种可室温固化的无溶剂双组分EP胶粘剂。考察了增韧剂用量、不同的室温固化剂及表面处理方法对金属和非金属材料的粘接性能、耐热性能和耐介质性能的影响。实验结果表明,该胶粘剂对金属和非金属都具有良好的粘接性能;用于PVC和ABS粘接时,则被粘材料被破坏;用于聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和聚乙烯(PE)粘接时,其最高剪切强度分别为1.9 MPa和1.8 MPa。     

低温固化无机密封剂的制备

以硅酸盐树脂作为主体,加入一定含量的无机填料,按比例混合后制备了一种可40℃固化的耐高温无机密封剂。通过力学性能测试、密封性测试、绝缘性测试、热失重分析(TG)、扫描电镜分析(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对密封剂性能进行表征。结果表明,密封剂对于钛合金、碳化硅及高温合金钢有良好的粘接性,室温及800℃剪切强度均大于4.5MPa;密封剂在0.5MPa起始气压下,压力下降10%时室温密封时间为900s,800℃时密封时间为370s;密封剂在500V外加电压下常温电阻大于500MΩ,在800℃时电阻值为2MΩ;TG显示密封剂800℃内总失重不足2%。     

一种耐高温高韧性环氧胶粘剂性能研究

为了进一步提高环氧胶粘剂的高温粘接强度和韧性,采用了一种新型固化剂DAMP与环氧胶粘剂配合使用,其结构中的脂肪环和醚链赋予环氧胶粘剂体系(DPE51胶)优异的耐高温性能和韧性。经测试,DPE51胶的固化放热峰在40℃左右,能够实现室温固化,室温下的凝胶时间达3h以上。固化物起始热分解温度达360℃,最大热失重速率对应温度为385℃,具有优异的耐热性能。室温拉剪强度达12MPa以上,150℃和200℃下的拉剪强度均保持在1.5MPa以上。DPE51胶的拉伸强度均在10MPa以上,断裂伸长率达到72%以上,在-40℃下,DPE51胶的断裂伸长率仍保持为3.9%,韧性优异。DPE51胶是一种高温粘接性能和韧性俱佳的高性能胶粘剂,有望在航空航天领域得到应用。     

PVA/PEG/Mg(OH)2复合材料的热塑加工性能

采用熔融共混法,制备了聚乙烯醇（PVA）／聚乙二醇（PEG）／氢氧化镁[Mg（OH）2]复合材料,利用转矩流变仪考察了复合材料的熔融加工性能;利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热重分析仪（TG）考察了复合材料的热性能;采用注塑成型工艺制备了复合材料标准样条,利用万能电子拉力机、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等对复合材料力学性能及微观形貌进行了测试分析。结果表明：当复合材料体系配比为PVA／PEG／Mg（OH）2为100／20／8（质量比）时,复合材料能形成良好的复合体系,具有良好的热塑加工性能及力学性能（拉伸强度为33．42MPa,断裂伸长率为224．3％）。     

室温固化高剥离耐热环氧树脂胶粘剂

介绍了一种具有高剥离强度和剪切强度的室温固化耐热胶粘剂。室温固化10d后,室温剥离强度可达到7．0kN／m;室温剪切强度为30．8MPa,150℃剪切强度可达14．5MPa。重点讨论了环氧树脂种类、复配合固化剂比例以及促进剂用量对胶粘剂粘接强度和耐热性能的影响。     

高低温环境下环氧基浮力材料力学性能的研究

研究了高温和低温工作环境及贮存环境对环氧基浮力材料性能的影响,发现浮力材料在-30℃工作环境下的单轴压缩强度为21.45 MPa;室温为19.73 MPa;65℃为15.36 MPa。浮力材料在-30℃的工作环境下的剪切强度为11.51 MPa;室温为11.17 MPa;65℃为9.08 MPa。浮力材料在-45℃的贮存环境下的单轴压缩强度为19.18 MPa;室温为19.86 MPa;70℃为18.87 MPa。结果表明,浮力材料力学性能随着使用温度的升高稍有下降,不受贮存温度的影响。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。