NDI型聚氨酯弹性体的合成与其耐热性能研究

以1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)分别与聚己二酸乙二醇丙二醇酯二醇(PEPA)合成了聚氨酯弹性体,通过热失重分析和差示扫描量热分析发现,NDI型聚氨酯弹性体的热分解温度比TDI型聚氨酯弹性体高,说明NDI型聚氨酯弹性体具有更好的耐热性能;通过不同温度下弹性体的力学性能高温保持率对比分析,也说明了NDI型聚氨酯弹性体的耐热性能优于TDI型聚氨酯弹性体。     

H_(12)MDI聚氨酯弹性体微相分离研究

以4,4′-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)/1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为聚氨酯硬段,分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)为软段合成了硬段含量(质量分数,下同)为23%～50%的聚氨酯弹性体。借助IR、DSC等分析手段研究了其微相分离结构,并针对所制备弹性体进行力学性能表征。结果表明,硬段含量对H12MDI基弹性体的软段玻璃化温度影响很小;硬段含量的增加,PTMEG型PU的微相分离程度随之先降低后增加,而PBA型PU的微相分离程度则随之降低;以PBA为软段的H12MDI基弹性体在硬段含量为40%时力学性能达到最优。     

微相分离促进剂对MDI型聚氨酯弹性体的耐热性能影响研究

在聚氨酯弹性体固化过程中添加微相分离促进剂,通过差示扫描量热分析（DSC）和动态力学性能测试（DMA）表明,微相分离促进剂的加入提高了4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）弹性体的微相分离程度;通过不同温度下的热失重分析（TGA）和力学性能高温保持率对比分析表明,添加了微相分离促进剂的聚氨酯弹性体耐热性能得到了提高。     

PEA/PCL型聚氨酯弹性体的性能研究

采用预聚法制备混合软段聚氨酯弹性体,考察了以聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇(PEA)、聚己内酯二醇(PCL)及不同比例的PEA/PCL混合物为软段得到的聚氨酯材料的力学性能及微相分离。结果表明,与以纯PEA为软段的聚氨酯弹性体相比,以混合软段制备的聚氨酯在保持PEA型聚氨酯力学性能的基础上,其微相分离好于PEA型聚氨酯,同时常温至80℃的储能模量提高。     

PTMG/TDI聚氨酯梯度固化的红外光谱分析

采用梯度温度场固化的方法,制备得到了PTMG/TDI(聚四亚甲基醚二醇/甲苯二异氰酸酯)聚氨酯弹性体,并使用红外光谱对所制备的试样进行了研究分析。研究结果表明:从高温一侧到低温一侧,聚氨酯弹性体的微相分离程度呈现梯度渐变的特点;固化剂的用量、温度梯度、预固化时间以及物料的温度都会直接影响聚氨酯弹性体微相分离程度的梯度。     

含异氰脲酸酯基团浇注型TDI聚氨酯弹性体的合成与其耐热性能的研究

在催化剂作用下,合成了TDI-100型异氰脲酸酯,并与己二酸乙二醇丙二醇酯二醇（PEPA）合成了浇注型聚氨酯弹性体,通过不同温度下的热失重分析（TGA）和弹性体的力学性能高温保持率对比分析表明,在TDI型聚氨酯弹性体中引入异氰脲酸酯基团,可明显提高弹性体的耐热性能。     

1,5-萘二异氰酸酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备及性能

通过预聚法合成了以己二酸乙二醇丙二醇二酯、聚四氢呋喃二醚、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、1,4-丁二醇及4,4'-二氨基-3,3'-二氯二苯甲烷为主要原料的聚氨酯弹性体。通过水解后弹性体的拉伸、撕裂等力学性能保持率的比较,发现NDI型聚氨酯弹性体比TDI型具有更好的水解稳定性;通过不同温度下和热空气老化后弹性体力学性能保持率的对比,证明NDI型聚氨酯弹性体的耐热稳定性要优于TDI型。     

微相分离对聚氨酯弹性体耐热性能的影响研究

在聚氨酯弹性体固化过程中添加微相分离促进荆,对不同温度下的热失重分析（TGA）和力学性能高温保持率进行了对比分析,分析表明,添加了微相分离促进剂的聚氨酯弹性体耐热性能得到了提高。     

玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯复合材料性能的研究

以聚醚聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMG)或聚丙二醇(PPG)与异氰酸酯4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)或2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)作原材料合成了预聚体;以3,3'-二氯-4,4′-二胺基二苯甲烷(MOCA)为扩链剂制备了PU弹性体;采用手糊成型方法制备了聚氨酯(PU)/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料。研究了2种预聚体制备的PU弹性体力学性能、玻璃纤维厚度和层数以及复合材料密度对PU/GF复合材料力学性能的影响,以及GF与PU弹性体的粘结强度。结果表明,MDI/MOCA-PU比TDI/MOCA-PU的力学性能优异;随着玻璃纤维厚度和层数的增加,复合材料力学性能提高;密度对PU/GF复合材料的拉伸强度有显著影响;用硅烷偶联剂处理过的玻璃纤维可提高复合材料剥离强度。     

HQEE扩链的浇注型聚氨酯弹性体合成和性能

以对苯二酚二羟乙基醚(HQEE)为扩链剂,采用半预聚体法合成了一系列聚氨酯(PU)弹性体。研究了不同n(HQEE):n[聚ε–己内酯二醇(PCL)]、不同结构多元醇对浇注型聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能、热性能和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明:半预聚体法使扩链剂组分的相容性和弹性体的合成工艺得到明显改善;随n(HQEE):n(PCL)的增大,弹性体的硬度、模量和撕裂强度逐渐提高,冲击回弹和断裂伸长率逐渐降低,拉伸强度先增大后降低,当n(HQEE):n(PCL)=3.0时,综合力学性能最佳;在不同结构多元醇合成的PU中,PTMG(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)–PU具有较好的回弹性,PCDL(聚碳酸酯二醇)–PU具有较高的模量和撕裂强度,PCL–PU和PBA(聚己二酸–1,4–丁二醇酯)–PU则具有较高的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)和动态热机械分析(DMA)结果显示:所有的PU均显示不同的微相分离程度,依次为PTMG–PUPCL–PUPBA–PUPCDL–PU。PTMG–PU和PCL–PU具有很好的弹性和耐低温性;4种PU的起始分解温度均高于300℃,说明由HQEE扩链的PU具有良好的热稳定性。     

原位聚合法合成PU弹性体/纳米Mg(OH)2复合材料的研究

将预分散的纳米氢氧化镁[Mg(OH)2]加入聚氨酯(PU)弹性体反应体系进行原位聚合。结果表明,所得PU弹性体/纳米Mg(OH)2复合材料有较好的力学性能,在聚醚脱水阶段加入纳米Mg(OH)2比扩链阶段加入得到的复合材料力学性能好,纳米Mg(OH)2在PU中基本达到纳米级分散。     

Incorporation of postconsumer polyurethane foam into a polymer/clay aerogel matrix

The feasibility of incorporating ground recycled polyurethane (PU) foam into clay/polymer aerogels was demonstrated, and a range of compositions were prepared and characterized to determine the effect of variation in the formulations on density and mechanical properties of the resulting materials. This study followed a modified combinatorial approach. Initially, experiments were performed in water using either sodium exchanged montmorillonite or laponite clay, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) solution as the polymer binder, and the recycled PU foam. Freezing and freeze‐drying the aqueous gels produced aerogels, which were characterized through density and mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The study was expanded by exploring alternative binder chemistries, including the use of an alginate polymer in place of the PVOH or adding a polyisocyanate as a crosslinking agent for PVOH. The effect of recycled PU foam content, clay type and level, and binder type and level on the mechanical properties of the aerogels were determined and will be discussed herein. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42586.     

聚碳酸酯二元醇改性的聚氨酯微孔泡沫的研制

将聚碳酸酯二元醇(PCDL)作为配方组分,采用直接添加和将PCDL与异氰酸酯合成预聚体后再添加的不同工艺,制备了聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯微孔泡沫,并分别与普通聚氨酯微孔泡沫进行了对比.结果表明,聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯微孔泡沫的力学性能比普通聚氨酯微孔泡沫有所提高;PCDL预聚体制备的聚氨酯微孔泡沫材料耐热老化性能最佳.     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备与表征

采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯/碳纳米管(PU/CNTs)复合材料,考察了该复合材料中CNTs含量对复合材料电性能、力学性能和热性能的影响及复合材料的微观结构。结果表明,碳纳米管在聚氨酯体系中能够较好地分散;扩链/交联剂对PU/CNTs复合材料的导电性能影响较大,TMP比MOCA交联的PU/CNTs复合材料导电性能好;用TMP作交联剂制备的PU/CNTs复合材料的力学性能明显低于以MOCA为扩链剂的PU/CNTs复合材料的力学性能;随着CNTs的加入,PU/CNTs复合材料储能模量和耗能模量明显增加,复合材料的阻尼性能大幅度提高。     

Enhancing gelation properties of dioctyl phthalate using urethane and urea-based gelators to improve mechanical properties of polyvinylchloride

This study provides a new approach to promote the mechanical properties of polyvinylchloride/dioctyl phthalate (PVC/DOP) via gelators. It presented the effect of newly synthesized urethane and urea-based gelators on the plasticizer DOP, and then prepared for PVC. 4,4′-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) was reacted with lauryl alcohol (LA), stearyl alcohol (SA), and octadecylamine (OL) to prepare LML, SMS, and SMO, respectively. These gelators were self-assembled in the common plasticizer DOP to form gels, and then PVC was blended with these gels. SMO exhibited the lowest critical gelator concentration (CGC) in DOP. FEEM observation of xerogels exhibited micro platelet morphology with various sizes. Rheological evaluation revealed that DOP_gel enhanced the gelating ability of PVC. Mechanical measurement showed that gelators improved the tensile properties of PVC in the sequence of LML > SMS > SMO. Tensile modulus and the tensile strength of PVC/DOP increased by 74.6% (from 14.6 to 25.5 MPa ) and 19.8% (from 13.1 to 15.7 MPa ) only by adding 3% LML. These new urethane and urea-based gelators improved the mechanical strength of PVC without reducing its toughness.     

TMPDCO对封端型水性聚氨酯的改性研究

以三羟甲基丙烷和脱水蓖麻油酸为原料合成了三羟甲基丙烷单脱水蓖麻油酸酯(TMPD-CO),研究了TMPDCO用量对甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯封端的阴离子型水性聚氨酯胶膜的耐水、耐醇、耐热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,TMPDCO的加入,增加了水性聚氨酯的不饱和度,有利于交联成膜;当TMPDCO用量占预聚体总羟基的摩尔百分比为40%时,水性聚氨酯的耐水、耐热和耐醇性能较好,并且当预聚体R为5时,力学性能最佳。     

Effect of flame-retardant melamine and dispersants on the mechanical,thermal, and foaming properties of flexible polyurethane foam

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of adding flame-retardant melamine and five different dispersants on the precipitation, foaming, mechanical, and thermal properties of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). Precipitation experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of dispersant on the separation of flame retardant and polyol, and the foaming characteristics of polyurethane (PU) foam after adding dispersant were analyzed. The effect of adding a dispersant on mechanical strength was characterized by measuring tensile strength, tearing strength, and hardness, and scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to analyze morphological characteristics. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to analyze the thermal properties of PU foam. A horizontal flame test, limiting oxygen index test, and cone calorimeter tests were conducted to examine the flame retardancy of PU foam with flame retardant melamine and dispersant added. The dispersant ANTI-TERRA-U is a solution of a salt of unsaturated polyamine amides and low-molecular acidic polyesters. And, the dispersant BYK-220S is a solution of a low molecular weight, unsaturated acidic polycarboxylic acid polyester with a polysiloxane copolymer. The dispersants ANTI-TERRA-U and BYK-220S improved the density, tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness of FPUF. TGA of the top and bottom portions of the foam showed less weight difference for samples containing dispersants, indicating better homogeneity due to improved dispersibility. Therefore, we conclude that dispersants are beneficial additives to improve the mechanical properties and dispersibility of PU foam.     

PVC/PU共混改性的研究

采用机械共混的方法,将聚氯乙烯树脂及其助剂进行高速混合,然后与热塑性聚氨酯弹性的体熔融共混。测试其拉伸性能及流变性能,确定共混的工艺条件,和加工条件。综合试验的结果,找出增韧性较好的最佳合金配比。另外,在聚合物中加入少量的ＣａＣＯ３,即降低了成本,同时又提高了聚合物的力学性能。     

Interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurethane and furfuryl alcohol,IIa. Processability and properties of pultruded fiber-reinforced composites

A feasibility study of pultrusion of fiber-reinforced polyurethane/furfuryl alcohol (PU/FA) interpenetrating polymer/network IPN composites has been made. From the viscosity study, it was found that the pot life of the PU/FA IPN prepolymers increased with PU content and showed high reactivity at elevated temperature. It was confirmed from the morphological study that the wetting of fibers by the PU/FA IPN resins was improved with PU content. The appearance of the tensile failure surfaces of the pultruded glass fiber-reinforced PU/FA IPN composites showed “hackle patterns” for PU contents below 15 phr. The mechanical property study shows that the tensile strength of pultruded PU/FA IPN composites is the highest when the PU content is 5 phr. However, the flexural strength, flexural modulus and HDT decreased with PU content. The mechanical properties of various fiber-reinforced (glass, carbon, and Kevlar 49 aramid fiber) pultruded PU/FA IPN composites increased with fiber volume content.     

Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites of silicon dioxide and polyurethane and epoxy resin interpenetrating network

Nanocomposites with varying concentrations of nanosized silicon dioxide particles were prepared by adding nanosilica to interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN)s of polyurethane and epoxy resin (PU/EP). The PU/EP IPNs and nanocomposites were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electronic microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The result showed that adding nanosize silicon dioxide can improve the properties of compatibility, damping and phase structure of IPN matrices. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry