头花蓼重复片段多态性分析-多聚酶链式反应体系建立与正交优化

目的: 建立头花蓼ISSR的反应体系。 方法: 通过正交试验,研究了Mg²⁺浓度、dNTP 浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度、引物浓度这4个因素在3个水平上对ISSR-PCR的影响。 结果: 确立了适合于头花蓼ISSR PCR的优化体系:25 μL PCR反应体系中含有1×buffer 缓冲液(10 mmol ·L^-1 KC1,8 mmol ·L^-1 (NH₄)₂SO₄,10 mmol ·L^-1 Tris ·HC1,pH 8.0),3.0 mmol ·L^-1 MgC1₂,d NTP 200 μmol ·L^-1,2.0 U ·25 μL^-1 Taq酶,0.25 mmol ·L^-1引物,40 ng ·L^-1模板DNA。利用温度梯度PCR,确定了最适宜的退火温度为48 ℃。 结论: 该优化体系的建立为进一步对头花蓼进行种质资源的遗传多样性分析奠定了基础。     

半夏试管块茎银染mRNA差异显示条件的建立及优化

目的：建立半夏试管小块茎DDRT-PCR反应最佳体系，为进一步研究半夏试管小块茎相关基因表达提供技术参考。方法：以半夏试管苗的叶柄﹑试管小块茎为材料，利用正交试验设计，研究模板。Mg²⁺，dNTPs，引物和DNA聚合酶等因素，对DDRT-PCR反应体系的影响。结果与结论：20 μL 的反应体系中含有dNTPs 150 μmol·L^-1，Taq酶0.6 U，锚定引物2 μmol·L^-1 ,随机引物1 μmol·L^-1，Mg²⁺ 2.5 mmol·L^-1，2 μL 10×buffer和2.5 μg的cDNA模板。各因素影响程度依次为Taq酶＞cDNA 模板＞dNTPs＞Mg²⁺＞引物。     

宽叶缬草SRAP-PCR反应体系的优化及引物筛选

目的 建立宽叶缬草的相关序列扩增多态性（SRAP）-聚合酶链式反应（PCR）反应体系,为宽叶缬草良种选育提供理论和技术基础。方法 采用单因素试验考察Taq Mix用量,Mg²⁺浓度,模板DNA浓度,Taq DNA聚合酶浓度对宽叶缬草SRAP-PCR扩增结果的影响,以此为基础进行正交试验,优化宽叶缬草SRAP-PCR反应体系,并在最优反应体系条件下筛选可用于宽叶缬草遗传多样性研究的有效引物。结果 单因素实验结果表明Taq Mix用量为8~11 μL时扩增效果较佳;加入低浓度Mg²⁺可获得较佳扩增效果;中低浓度模板DNA用量可提高扩增效果;加入少量Taq DNA聚合酶可增加扩增结果丰富度。正交实验结果表明各因素对宽叶缬草SRAP-PCR扩增结果的影响程度大小依次为Taq Mix用量>Taq DNA聚合酶加入量>Mg²⁺加入量>模板DNA用量。适于宽叶缬草的最优反应体系为Taq Mix 11 μL,模板DNA 30 ng,Mg²⁺ 0.025 mmol·L^-1,Taq DNA 1.5 U,正向引物与反向引物各5 μmol·L^-1,用双蒸水补足体系至 20 μL。最优退火温度为36.8 ℃。应用最优体系从88对引物中筛选出17对适用于宽叶缬草SRAP-PCR的条带清晰、多态性较高的有效引物。结论 建立的宽叶缬草SRAP-PCR反应体系稳定性良好,可用于宽叶缬草遗传多样性研究。     

薏苡SRAP反应体系的优化

目的 建立稳定可靠的SRAP分子标记反应体系,为进一步研究薏苡种质资源的分子鉴定提供依据。方法 采用改进的SDS法提取薏苡种子胚基因组DNA,并采用单因素试验分析Mg²⁺浓度、dNTP浓度、BSA浓度、模板DNA用量、引物浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶用量等6个因素对薏苡相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)扩增结果的影响。结果 建立了薏苡最适的SRAP反应体系：10 μL PCR反应体系中,含1×Taq酶配套缓冲液(10 mmol/L Tris·HCl,pH9.0,50 mmol/L KCl,0.1%Triton X-100),1.5 mmol/L Mg²⁺,0.15 mmol/L dNTP,10 ng模板DNA,10 pmol引物,0.5 U Taq酶。结论 所建立的薏苡SRAP反应体系具有标记位点清晰、反应系统稳定等特点,为薏苡种质资源的分子鉴定提供了良好的基础。     

槲皮素对大鼠乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞炎症分泌的干预作用

该研究采用LPS 100 μg·L^-1联合ATP 5 mmol·L^-1建立大鼠乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞炎症分泌模型,考察槲皮素对心脏成纤维细胞炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6及IL-1β分泌的抑制作用,并进一步采用Western blot考察槲皮素对p-NF-κB p65（S276）及p-Akt（S473）蛋白表达的影响,探讨槲皮素抑制心脏成纤维细胞炎症分泌的作用机制。研究结果发现：①槲皮素51.74~827.81 μmol·L^-1对大鼠心脏成纤维细胞活力无明显影响;②槲皮素82.78,41.39,20.70 μmol·L^-1均可显著抑制LPS 100 μg·L^-1作用3 h而后ATP 5 mmol·L^-1作用36 h所致的TNF-α,IL-1β的水平升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）;槲皮素82.78,41.39 μmol·L^-1均可显著抑制LPS 100 μg·L^-1作用3 h而后ATP 5 mmol·L^-1作用36 h所致的IL-6的水平升高（P<0.05）,而槲皮素20.70 μmol·L^-1未见明显影响;③槲皮素82.78,41.39,20.70 μmol·L^-1均可显著抑制LPS 100 μg·L^-1作用3 h而后ATP 5 mmol·L^-1作用15 min所致的NF-κB p65（S276）激活,以20.70 μmol·L^-1最明显;槲皮素82.78,41.39,20.70 μmol·L^-1均可显著抑制LPS 100 μg·L^-1作用3 h而后ATP 5 mmol·L^-1作用240 min所致的p-Akt（473）表达增加（P<0.05）。因此,该研究认为槲皮素可通过抑制NF-κB p65（S276）和Akt（473）的激活而减少心脏成纤维细胞TNF-α,IL-6及IL-1β炎症因子的分泌。     

利用一种耐热耐糖β-葡萄糖苷酶制备黄芩素的研究

对利用一种耐热耐糖β-葡萄糖苷酶水解黄芩苷制备黄芩素进行了研究。该酶催化黄芩苷转化为黄芩素的反应能在醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液中良好地进行,酶的最适pH 5.5,最适反应温度85 ℃,温度在85 ℃以下,pH 5~7.5酶的稳定性良好。酶的最大反应速率V_max为0.41 mmol·L^-1·min^-1,米氏常数K_m为3.31 mmol·L^-1。不同的金属离子对酶的活性有不同的影响,醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液中的Na⁺对酶有活化作用。反应体系中葡萄糖醛酸浓度低于0.6 mol·L^-1时,对酶有活化作用,当单糖浓度大于0.6 mol·L^-1时,对酶有抑制作用,当单糖浓度达到1.2 mol·L^-1时,酶活抑制率为50%,糖耐受性较好。通过实验得出较佳反应条件为黄芩苷-酶液1 g : 0.2 mL,pH 5.5的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液,反应时间为10 h时,反应温度为85 ℃,酶解率可达97%。     

LC-MS/MS测定大鼠血浆中莫诺苷血药浓度

莫诺苷是从中药山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb. & Zucc.中提取分离获得的环烯醚萜苷类化合物,具有神经保护等多种药理活性.本研究首次采用LC-MS/MS技术建立了大鼠血浆中莫诺苷浓度的测定方法.血浆样品采用蛋白沉淀法,以金丝桃苷作为内标,色谱柱为Inertsil C8-3色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,5 μm),流动相为水(含1 mmol·L^-1甲酸钠)-乙腈梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL·min^-1.采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式,多反应监测(MRM).莫诺苷在2~5 000 μg·L^-1 (r= 0.995 7)线性关系良好,最低定量限为2 μg·L^-1.方法精密度、准确度、回收率和基质效应均符合生物样品测定的要求,适合大鼠血浆中莫诺苷浓度的测定.应用该方法进行莫诺苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究,给药剂量为20 mg·kg^-1,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,并采用DAS 2.0 计算得主要药代动力学参数:AUC_0-∞为(587.6±290.7) μg·min·L^-1,C_max为(334.2±148.0) μg·L^-1,T_max为(0.6±0.3) h,t_1/2为(0.7±0.3) h.     

黄芩与五味子配伍对黄芩苷、五味子酯甲代谢动力学的影响

目的: 研究黄芩与五味子配伍对黄芩苷和五味子酯甲的大鼠药代动力学规律的影响。方法: 大鼠灌胃黄芩提取物2.5 g ·kg^-1﹑五味子提取物2.5 g ·kg^-1和黄芩提取物加五味子提取物各2.5 g ·kg^-1,分别于0.25,1,2,4,8,12,24 h取血分离血浆,采用HPLC测定其黄芩苷﹑五味子酯甲的含量,结果运用DAS 3.0计算其药动学参数。结果: 测定黄芩组黄芩苷的药动学参数分别为t1/2=(6.203±3.324)h,AUC=(41.868±28.254)μg ·L^-1 ·h^-1,C_max=(2.883±0.684) μg ·L^-1,MRT=(11.697±4.108) h,V_d=(568 112.69±81 364.658)L ·kg^-1,CL=(98 526.569±93 774.892)L ·h^-1 ·kg^-1;黄芩+五味子组黄芩苷的药动学参数分别为t1/2=(10.686±1.533)h,AUC=(53.064±30.047) μg ·L^-1 ·h^-1,C_max=(3.168±1.312) μg ·L^-1,MRT=(16.147±1.79) h,V_d=(2 240 724.1±1 824 718.9)L ·kg^-1,CL=(139 855.27±107 995.59)L ·h^-1 ·kg^-1;黄芩+五味子组五味子酯甲的药动学参数分别为t_1/2=(21.544±14.611)h,AUC=(11.554±5.516) μg ·L^-1 ·h^-1,Cmax=(0.311±0.074) μg ·L^-1,MRT=(34.139±18.532) h,V_d=(12 153 917±5 806 489.8)L ·kg^-1,CL=(564 758.71±384 128.86)L ·h^-1 ·kg^-1;五味子组五味子酯甲的药动学参数分别为t1/2=(4.926±5.371)h,AUC=(4.988±3.029) μg ·L^-1 ·h^-1,C_max=(0.287±0.071) μg ·L^-1,MRT=(12.002±6.854) h,V_d=(3 091.656±1 585.602)L ·kg^-1,CL=(615.571±250.643)L ·h^-1 ·kg^-1。结论: 黄芩与五味子配伍,可以促进黄芩苷和五味子酯甲在血液中的吸收,并可延长这两种成分的半衰期,使其血药浓度维持在较高水平,达到协同增效的目的。     

铁皮石斛居群差异的研究ⅡISSR指纹标记方法的建立与优化

目的:针对铁皮石斛ISSR的反应特点,建立稳定可靠的ISSR分子指纹标记反应体系,为进一步研究铁皮石斛的居群差异奠定基础。方法:通过筛选引物并设定影响铁皮石斛ISSR反应的诸因子的不同浓度,检测IS-SR不同反应体系的扩增效果;通过分析非特异性条带的产生原因并进行条件优化,建立铁皮石斛ISSR稳定可靠的反应体系。结果与结论:首次建立了可用于铁皮石斛ISSR-PCR分析的最适宜的反应体系:25μL PCR反应体系中,10×Taq酶配套缓冲液,1.5 U Taq DNA聚合酶,1.2～1.8 mmol.L^-1MgCl₂,80μmol.L^-1dNTP,0.2μmol.L^-1引物,DNA模板约20 ng,退火温度52～60℃;实验表明:Taq酶质量、DNA模板品质、退火温度等对ISSR反应结果具有较大影响。所建立的铁皮石斛ISSR反应体系具有标记位点清晰、反应系统稳定、检测多态性能力较强、重复性好等特点,可以较好地应用于铁皮石斛的居群鉴别及居群分子生态的研究。     

脉络宁注射液中5种酚酸类成分血药浓度的LC-MS/MS测定及大鼠体内药代动力学研究

通过建立准确灵敏的LC-MS/MS法,测定8只SD大鼠,单剂量尾静脉注射（4 mL·kg^-1）脉络宁注射液后,血浆中绿原酸、咖啡酸、3,4-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸（3,4-DCQA）、阿魏酸、肉桂酸的浓度,所测数据使用DASver 1.0软件进行处理,计算主要药动学参数。结果显示,绿原酸、咖啡酸、3,4-DCQA、阿魏酸、肉桂酸的线性范围分别为2.006~1 027 μg·L^-1（r=0.999 6）,1.953~1 000 μg·L^-1（r=0.999 7）,28.51~1.459×10⁴ μg·L^-1（r=0.998 9）,1.836~940.0 μg·L^-1（r=0.997 7）,4.780~2 447 μg·L^-1（r=0.998 6）。方法学考察5种酚酸类成分血浆样品反复冻融3次、-75 ℃放置20 d、室温放置4 h以及血浆样品处理后的分析物放置24 h的稳定性均良好,日内、日间变异系数（RSD）小于5.0%,精密度和准确度等均符合生物样品分析的要求。大鼠体中绿原酸药代参数：t_1/2为（49.78±12.81） min,AUC_0-t为（123.55±14.82） mg·min·L^-1, CL为（0.004 3±0.000 5） L·min^-1;咖啡酸药代参数t_1/2为（36.65±10.59） min,AUC_0-t为（91.67±11.77） mg·min·L^-1,CL为（0.005 7±0.000 7） L·min^-1;3,4-DCQA药代参数：t_1/2为（50.08±13.78） min,AUC_0-t为（278.34±31.82） mg·min·L^-1,CL为（0.001 6±0.000 2） L·min^-1;阿魏酸药代参数t_1/2为（51.39±15.52） min,AUC_0-t为（34.72±4.67） mg·min·L^-1,CL为（0.000 4±0.000 1） L·min^-1;肉桂酸药代参数t_1/2为（74.42±18.32） min,AUC_0-t为（34.63±4.82） mg·min·L^-1,CL为（0.007 7±0.001 1） L·min^-1。该文所建立的LC-MS/MS适用于绿原酸等5种酚酸类成分的药代动力学研究。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的显微和化学鉴别

目的:为苦苣苔科唇柱苣苔属植物牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵的鉴定和分类提供解剖学和化学依据。方法:采用石蜡制片法和水合氯醛透化法对2种药用植物的根状茎和叶横切面和粉末特征进行研究,应用光学显微镜观察显微结构。采用HPLC-UV法进行化学鉴别。结果:牛耳朵和黄花牛耳朵显微特征无明显区别,但是化学特征有明显的差异。结论:化学诞生特征鉴别方法可以作为2种药用植物的鉴定方法。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.