Detection of the eroding surface in the EDM process based on the current signal in the gap

To achieve high removal rate and low electrode wear in sinking electrical discharge machining process (EDM), rough machining parameters have to be selected according to the size of the eroding surface. In general, the size of the eroding surface varies according to the depth of the machining. Thus, it has to be determined on-line. This paper shows that the electric current signal in the gap depends on the size of the eroding surface. The significance of the process attributes of the electric current signal is established by inductive machine learning and the general decision rules are derived. The size of the eroding surface can be detected on-line by monitoring and evaluating the electric current signal in the gap.     

Machine learning induction of a model for online parameter selection in EDM rough machining

In electrical discharge machining (EDM), appropriate average current in the gap has to be selected for the given machining surface in order to obtain the highest material removal rate at low electrode wear. Thus, rough machining parameters have to be selected according to the machining surface. In the case of sculptured features, the machining surface varies with the depth of machining. Hence, the machining parameters have to be selected on-line to obtain appropriate current density in the gap. In this paper, inductive machine learning is used to derive a model based on the voltage and current in the gap. The sufficient inputs to the model are only two discharge attributes extracted from the voltage signal in the gap. The model successfully selects between two machining parameter settings that obtain different average surface current in the gap. It requires only voltage signal acquisition during the machining process and a simple algorithm that is easy to implement on industrial machines.     

脉冲电解加工间隙测控方法的研究进展

介绍电解加工间隙测控的意义及重要性 ;总结电解加工技术中加工间隙的测控方法 ;分析国内外加工间隙测控的现状及关键问题 ,提出一种可实现在线测控加工间隙的新思路———建立六维力、电流信号与加工间隙之间的关系方程式。     

基于电流信号的电解加工间隙在线检测试验研究

为了实时检测加工间隙,以某型航空发动机涡轮转子叶片为研究对象,把电解加工的电流作为研究参数,针对平面、斜面和叶片型面三种阴极进行试验加工,用最小二乘多变元线性拟合法,分别建立平面、斜面阴极加工电流与加工间隙之间的关系式,用叶片型面加工数据对建立的关系式进行检验和修正,得到最终的修正关系式,分析关系式参数的变换关系,得出在±15%的误差范围内关系式可用于在线检测加工间隙的结论。     

ON THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE MAGNETIC ABRASIVE BRUSH

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) of alloy steel workpiece with unbounded magnetic abrasive particles (UMAPs) indicates that the surface finish in the range of nanometer can be achieved. Important controllable four process parameters have been identified which are as current to the electromagnet, machining gap, abrasive size (mesh number), and number of cycles. Experiments have been planned using design of experiments technique. Based upon the results of response surface methodology and analysis of variance (ANOVA), it is concluded that magnetic flux density that depends on current to the electromagnet and machining gap, is most influencing parameter followed by grain size and number of cycles. The surface roughness profile generated during the MAF process has been discussed. To understand the cutting mechanism of magnetic abrasive finishing process, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the machined surfaces have been carried out. The correlation between surface finish and material removal has also been established.     

基于六维力电解加工间隙在线检测试验研究

为了实时检测加工间隙,把流体作用在阴极上的六维力作为研究参数:设计通电解液不通电、通电加工两大类工况,从定性和定量两个角度分析六维力与加工间隙之间的关系;并以平面、斜面、叶片型面三种阴极进行试验加工,用最小二乘多变元线性拟合法,分别建立平面、斜面阴极加工的六维力与加工间隙之间的关系方程式,用叶片型面加工数据对建立的关系方程式进行检验与修正,得到最终的修正关系式:分析关系式各参量之间的关系,并得到结论:在15％的误差范围内,关系式可以用于在线检测加工间隙。     

ON THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE MAGNETIC ABRASIVE BRUSH

ABSTRACT

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) of alloy steel workpiece with unbounded magnetic abrasive particles (UMAPs) indicates that the surface finish in the range of nanometer can be achieved. Important controllable four process parameters have been identified which are as current to the electromagnet, machining gap, abrasive size (mesh number), and number of cycles. Experiments have been planned using design of experiments technique. Based upon the results of response surface methodology and analysis of variance (ANOVA), it is concluded that magnetic flux density that depends on current to the electromagnet and machining gap, is most influencing parameter followed by grain size and number of cycles. The surface roughness profile generated during the MAF process has been discussed. To understand the cutting mechanism of magnetic abrasive finishing process, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the machined surfaces have been carried out. The correlation between surface finish and material removal has also been established.     

数控机床切削颤振状态监测与控制技术

针对数控机床加工过程中切削颤振的现象,通过对机床的在线监测,将采样出的加速度信号进行数据处理,提出一种θ法作为判据的方法来判别颤振是否发生,并通过监控计算机对主轴箱和进给箱进行调控,达到抑制颤振的方法。该监控系统通用性强,所用设备少,具有可行性,从而为提高加工效率提供可循的加工依据。     

电火花线切割加工中放电间隙大小在线识别

为实现对线切割加工中放电间隙大小的在线识别，开发了电火花线切割加工间隙放电状态检测系统。在试验的基础上，运用时序分析法研究了放电间隙大小与间隙放电状态之间的关系；构造了一个反映放电间隙大小的样本空间，并以此训练一个神经网络模型来在线识别放电间隙大小。试验表明，该模型能较好地识别放电间隙大小。     

基于COMSOL的电解加工炮管膛线加工间隙的研究

为了缩短阴极研制周期,按照无源导电媒质中的电场建立间隙电场的数学模型,按照气液两相流建立流场的数学模型,根据膛线电解加工工艺参数设置边界条件,采用COMSOL Multiphysics3.4多物理场耦合软件对加工间隙进行数值模拟,结合工艺试验的数据,分析加工间隙电场分布对实际加工精度的影响。结果表明,当阴极工作齿向内收一定角度,有利于减小膛线槽壁倾角和槽底圆角,计算机模拟与工艺试验结果一致。     

Waveform Monitoring of Electric Discharge Machining by Wavelet Transform

The waveform affects the quality and mechanical performance of a workpiece during electric discharge machining (EDM). This study uses the wavelet transform to process the waveform of EDM. The data of the waveform are obtained from the voltage and current between the workpiece and the electrode of the electric discharge machine, and are then calculated by the wavelet transform. The outcome shows that after the transformation, the original data can easily identify the different machining condition, thus, providing clear and useful information for the on-line control of EDM.     

窄细槽分段速进给电解加工方法研究

针对小间隙电解加工过程中极间间隙不稳定导致加工效率低下甚至发生短路等问题,以窄细槽电解加工过程为研究对象,提出自适应于工件蚀除速度的电极进给分段速加工方法。建立极间电流与加工深度之间的理论关系模型,采用单因素实验法对理论模型进行修正,使其反映实际加工过程。依据电解过程中深度与电流的变化规律,建立电极进给速度实时修正方程,实现电解过程不同进给速度段的划分。采用速度线性矢量混合算法,构建速度控制方程,实现各段速间的平稳过渡,保证电极进给速度变化时极间电流的稳定。实验结果表明,分段速进给控制方法能有效避免小间隙电解过程中由于进给速度与工件蚀除速度不匹配而导致的短路现象,有效保证窄细槽电解加工效率与轮廓精度。     

An experimental investigation on machining parameters of AISI D2 steel using WEDM

The performance of the wire electrodischarge machining (WEDM) machining process largely depends upon the selection of the appropriate machining variables. Optimization is one of the techniques used in manufacturing sectors to arrive for the best manufacturing conditions, which are essential for industries toward manufacturing of quality products at lowest cost. As there are many process variables involved in the WEDM machining process, it is difficult to choose a proper combination of these process variables in order to maximize material removal rate and to minimize tool wear and surface roughness. The objective of the this work is to investigate the effects of process variables like pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current, servo voltage, and wire feed on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), gap voltage, gap current, and cutting rate in the WEDM machining process. The experiment has been done using Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3⁵). Each experiment was conducted under different conditions of input parameters and statistically evaluated the experimental data by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using MINITAB and Design Expert tools. The present work also aims to develop mathematical models for correlating the inter-relationships of various WEDM machining parameters and performance parameters of machining on AISI D2 steel material using response surface methodology (RSM).The significant machining parameters and the optimal combination levels of machining parameters associated with performance parameters were also drawn. The observed optimal process parameter settings based on composite desirability (61.4 %) are pulse on time 112.66 μs, pulse off time 45 μs, spark gap voltage 46.95 V, wire feed 2 mm/min, peak current of 99.99 A for achieving maximum MRR, gap current, gap voltage, cutting rate, and minimum SR; finally, the results were experimentally verified.     

基于电流变材料的切削颤振在线监控技术研究

提出可以利用电流变材料的电控流变特性,通过在线调控切削系统动态特性以提高切削稳定性。并针对镗削系统,开发出一套可根据实时采集的切削振动信号自适应地快速调整系统动态特性以避免颤振发生的颤振智能监控系统。     

微细电解加工的过程检测及精度控制

超短脉冲微细电解加工时,极间加工间隙很小,加工过程的稳定性是影响加工精度的重要因素。在所建立的加工控制系统中,采用两步短路对刀法精确定位电极初始间隙,利用霍尔电流传感器实时检测平均加工电流,动态控制电极的进给运动速度,从而保持不同加工条件下稳定加工的最小加工间隙。进行了微细结构的电解加工试验,通过检测加工过程的状态,保证了加工的稳定性,实现了线宽只有25μm的微细结构加工。     

Experimental research on effects of process parameters on servo scanning 3D micro electrical discharge machining

Servo scanning 3D micro electrical discharge machining (3D SSMEDM) is a novel and effective method in fabricating complex 3D micro structures with high aspect ratio on conducting materials.In 3D SSMEDM process,the axial wear of tool electrode can be compensated automatically by servo-keeping discharge gap,instead of the traditional methods that depend on experiential models or intermittent compensation.However,the effects of process parameters on 3D SSMEDM have not been reported up until now.In this study,the emphasis is laid on the effects of pulse duration,peak current,machining polarity,track style,track overlap,and scanning velocity on the 3D SSMEDM performances of machining efficiency,processing status,and surface accuracy.A series of experiments were carried out by machining a micro-rectangle cavity (900 μm×600 μm) on doped silicon.The experimental results were obtained as follows.Peak current plays a main role in machining efficiency and surface accuracy.Pulse duration affects obviously the stability of discharge state.The material removal rate of cathode processing is about 3/5 of that of anode processing.Compared with direction-parallel path,contour-parallel path is better in counteracting the lateral wear of tool electrode end.Scanning velocity should be selected moderately to avoid electric arc and short.Track overlap should be slightly less than the radius of tool electrode.In addition,a typical 3D micro structure of eye shape was machined based on the optimized process parameters.These results are beneficial to improve machining stability,accuracy,and efficiency in 3D SSMEDM.     

Modelling and experimental investigation of process parameters in EDM of Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript>-TiN composites using GRA-RSM

Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a highly promising machining process of ceramics. This research is an out of the paradigm investigation of EDM on Si₃N₄-TiN with Copper electrode. Ceramics are used for extrusion dies and bearing balls and they are more efficient, effective and even have longer life than conventional metal alloys. Owing to high hardness of ceramic composites, they are almost impossible to be machined by conventional machining as it entirely depends on relative hardness of tool with work piece. Whereas EDM offers easy machinability combined with exceptional surface finish. Input parameters of paramount significance such as current (I), pulse on (P_on) and off time (P_off), Dielectric pressure (DP) and gap voltage (SV) are studied using L₂₅ orthogonal array. With help of mean effective plots the relationship of output parameters like Material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), Surface roughness (Ra), Radial overcut (ROC), Taper angle (α), Circularity (CIR), Cylindricity (CYL) and Perpendicularity (PER) with the considered input parameters and their individual influence were investigated. The significant machining parameters were obtained by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on Grey relational analysis (GRA) and value of regression coefficient was determined for each model. The results were further evaluated by using confirmatory experiment which illustrated that spark eroding process could effectively be improved.     

ELID磨削氧化膜厚度测量方法研究

在ELID磨削原理的基础上,分析了ELID磨削过程中氧化膜的生成和作用机理以及氧化膜的生长规律;综合评述了氧化膜厚度的离线测量方式以及用ELID磨削加工过程中的电压电流值的大小间接表征氧化膜的状态的最新进展。同时提出了基于LabVIEW开发平台,利用激光位移传感器和电涡流位移传感器的组合在线直接测量氧化膜的厚度的方法。     

Study of the current signal and material removal during ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical discharge machining

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a cost-effective machining process used to shape non-conductive materials such as glass and ceramics. The process can overcome poor machinability of hard and brittle materials. Different types of physical phenomena can be added to the ECDM components to improve the machining efficiency. As the main target of this paper, ultrasonic vibration was integrated to the cathode of the ECDM process (UAECDM), which resulted in vibration concentration only to the machining zone. In order to design the experimental configuration, modal analysis was used. Machining speed was the main output of this investigation. Gas film and electric discharge were two main physical phenomena during ECDM. The thickness of gas film, location, and pattern of discharges were determined, experimentally. Also, current signal was a useful tool that could record significant details of involved mechanisms and phenomena during machining. Images of gas film showed that the application of ultrasonic vibration decreased the thickness of gas film by 65%. In addition, the vibration amplitude of 10 μm created the most uniform current signal, which had a considerable effect on the material removal rate (MRR). Results showed that all levels of vibration amplitude increased the machining speed during discharge and hydrodynamic regimes of the machining process.     

微细数控电火花仿铣加工电极的在线检测

基于计算机视觉技术,实时地对微细数控电火花仿铣加工电极在线检测。运用微细圆柱形电极图像边缘进行空间矩亚像素定位,直接获得微细电极截面边缘亚像素位置信息,精确计算分辩率截面的微细电极直径,并给出整个微细圆柱形电极直径的实际值。最为有效地对被加工零件与电极的放电间隙及电极损耗补偿规律进行探索与研究。为微细数控电火花仿铣加工电极的放电间隙及电极损耗补偿的预测预报数学模型的建立,获得了电极损耗的可靠数据。