醇类助溶剂对甲醇与柴油混合燃料互溶性的影响

采用相分离法研究了室温下5~18个碳的正构醇助溶剂对甲醇与柴油的互溶性的影响规律。结果表明:25℃下所考察的9种醇类助溶剂中8种可以促进甲醇在柴油中的溶解,形成稳定透明的混合燃料,十二醇的助溶效果较好;同时,测定了含助溶剂的甲醇柴油中甲醇含量对所得到的混合燃料油密度和运动黏度的影响,随着甲醇含量的增加,混合燃料油密度和运动黏度均明显降低,以十四醇为助溶剂,甲醇含量不超过20%时能保证混合燃料的密度和黏度达到国标要求。     

超临界环境下印刷线路板回收的分层实验研究

为了研究印刷线路板在超临界环境下分层的理想实验条件和扩大成果应用范围,实验采用无孔的印刷线路板部分为实验样本,简化了样本条件;引入含有不同铜层数的印刷线路板类型,扩大了线路板的研究范围;使用无水乙醇与水的不同比例混合的混合溶剂,增加了溶剂的研究范围;分析了压强对分层的影响。实验结果表明,温度对印刷线路板分层起着主导作用,印刷线路板中的铜层数增加有利于印刷线路板的分层,混合溶剂中无水乙醇与水的比例则对印刷线路板的分层无明显影响,压强对实验后的样本分层有重要影响。     

木糖醇结晶的热力学特性

采用激光法测定了木糖醇在纯水、乙醇和甲醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度以及在水中的超溶解度数据，确定了木糖醇水溶液的结晶介稳区，并考察了温度和溶剂组成对它们的影响，同时测定了木糖醇悬浮液的黏度以及木糖醇晶体的熔点和熔化焓．研究表明，木糖醇在纯水、乙醇以及不同配比的甲醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度均随温度的降低而明显下降．在甲醇-水混合溶剂中，随着甲醇含量的增加木糖醇的溶解度亦明显下降．这为木糖醇工业结晶装置及生产线的设计、工程放大和工业结晶生产操作提供了理论依据．     

盐类对双液系混溶性的影响(Ⅰ)

1965年以前,作者曾研究过一系列盐类(如NaI、NaCIO_4、NaSCN和NH_4I)对苯—甲醇体系混溶性的影响。发现这些能溶于甲醇而在苯中微溶的盐类,会使苯—甲醇体系成为部分混溶。还发现,当两种液体的分子比固定时,加入能引起分层的盐量与其相应的分层温度之间,存在有良好的线性关系。这些直线的上端,位于盐饱和溶液的分层温度曲线上,而下端则可外推至无盐时的分层曲线。苯—甲醇体系,以NaI饱和时即由完全混溶变为部分混溶,上临界温度是130.5℃,但若将直线外推至盐量为零时,其上临界温度约为-60℃～ 70℃。最近,为了进行比较,我们根据 Eckfeldt和Lucasse的工作,重新计算了环己烷—甲醇体系中盐的数据。不仅直线关系仍然存在,而且外推至无盐时的曲线,与常压下这种部分混溶体系的实验曲线几乎完全重合。根据 Prisosine有关加入第三种组分所引起严格正规溶液临界溶解温度改变的关系式,可从热力学分析得到线性方程式T=mXs+T_O,该式的应用范围,不限于严格正规溶液,也不限于临界温度,具有普遍意义。     

胺中和丙烯酸共聚物在水／助溶剂中溶解行为的研究

胺中丙烯酸共聚物在水/助溶剂中的溶解性随着共聚物组成中丙烯酸含量的改变而变化。当共聚物申丙烯酸的含量从10mol％增加到50mol％时,共聚物一水/助溶剂体系的粘度一浓度曲线从“N”形经“反S”形过渡到直线形。这一变化和溶液形态的研究结果表明,胺中和丙烯酸共聚物在水/助溶剂中是可以溶解的,并且其溶解性随着共聚物中羧基含量的增加而提高。     

Fe(phen)3CdI4在甲醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度

在293.15～318.15K(间隔5K)下,用分光光度法测定了大分子强电解质Fe(phen)3CdI4(简称FPCI,以下同)在纯水、纯甲醇及甲醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度.结果表明FPCI溶解度随温度升高而增大;随混合溶剂中甲醇含量的增加呈先增大后又减小的趋势.用溶剂结构理论对FPCI溶解度的变化规律进行了讨论.     

以醇类为助溶剂的乙醇柴油混合燃料的试验研究

为了研究醇类在乙醇柴油混合燃料中的助溶效果,以及添加醇类助溶剂后,柴油机燃用乙醇柴油混合燃料的排放性能,分别做了助溶试验和排放性能试验。助溶试验时,选择碳原子数依次增大的正丁醇、正庚醇、正癸醇作为助溶剂,按柴油、乙醇、助溶剂的体积比为75∶20∶5的比例,分别在温度为0、10、20、30℃的恒温条件下配制混合燃料,摇匀静置,观察互溶情况和分层时间,结果发现,柴油乙醇直接混合会立即产生分层;加入助溶剂后会提高互溶效果,过一段时间才会分层;10℃以上环境均能保证柴油乙醇燃料稳定互溶15 d以上;随温度的升高和助溶剂碳原子数的增加稳定互溶时间有增大趋势。排放试验在一台YC6 J170-21车用柴油机上进行,在100%负荷率下,分别测试不同助溶剂的柴油乙醇燃料的CO、HC、NOx和碳烟的排放,结果表明,与纯柴油相比,柴油乙醇燃料的CO排放没有增加;中高转速下,HC和碳烟排放明显下降;NOx排放全程下降;以正丁醇为助溶剂的柴油乙醇燃料的CO、HC、NOx和碳烟的排放最低。     

微乳汽油的形成原理和配制技术

讨论了单一表面活性剂（ 正、负、非离子表面活性剂） 、混合表面活性剂（ 负与非、正与非、正与负离子表面活性剂） 、助溶剂（ 中碳醇、胺、醚） 等对油水微乳状液的形成和相行为的影响． 探讨了从表面活性剂效率、微乳状液稳定温度、表面活性剂的分解燃烧等角度选择理想的表面活性剂、助溶剂等以形成掺水汽油微乳状液的具体方法． 提出了微乳汽油浓缩的思路, 使掺水汽油微乳过程简单实用、安全可靠     

水—二氧六环—KCI体系混溶性及量热研究

<正> 一、引言对于完全互溶双液系我们曾做过研究,其各组成混溶性的大小可以通过加入适当的盐而表现出来。而且整个双液系潜在的混溶曲线也能通过盐的加入而在通常温度下显现出来。水—二氧六环体系是一个常见的混合溶剂。它们在沸点以下、冰点以上的整个液相区间能以任意比例互溶,组成介电常数由2.21到78.3的各种体系,成为电解质溶液理论研究的一个     

Fe(phen)_3(ClO_4)_2H_2O由水至甲醇-水混合溶剂中的标准迁移自由能

用光度法测定２８３．１５～３１８．１５Ｋ（间隔５Ｋ）８个温度下ＦＰＣ在纯水及甲醇－水混合溶剂中的溶解度．由溶解度数据计算了ＦＰＣ在水、甲醇－水混合溶剂中的活度系数及由水至甲醇－水混合溶剂中的标准迁移自由能及介质效应,并对ＦＰＣ标准迁移自由能的变化规律进行了讨论．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.