大肠粘膜腺管开口对粘膜病变的诊断价值

目的：探讨放大内镜结合腺管开口分型在诊断大肠粘膜病变性质的临床应用价值。方法：放大内镜检查中，发现病变后，对病灶喷洒靓胭脂，采用放大内镜观察病灶粘膜腺管开口形态，按Kudo分型作病灶性质判断 ，并与切除或活检组织作病理学比较。结果：在194处病灶中，放大内镜诊断为炎性息肉、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤和大肠癌的病理符合率分别为100.0％、93.3％、90.9％、100.0％，总病理符合率为96.1％。结论：放大内镜对判断大肠病变性质有较高的病理符合率，使我们能够区分肿瘤与非肿瘤，良性与恶性肿瘤，预测癌的浸润深度，决定合适的治疗方式，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

放大内镜对大肠粘膜病变的诊断价值

目的　探讨放大内镜结合腺管开口分型对大肠粘膜病变性质的诊断价值。方法　放大内镜检查发现病变后 ,对病灶喷洒靓胭脂 ,观察病灶粘膜腺管开口形态 ,按Kudo分型作病灶性质判断 ,并与切除或活检组织作病理学比较。结果　在 194处病灶中 ,放大内镜诊断为炎性息肉、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤和大肠癌的病理符合率分别为 10 0 %、93 3 %、90 9%、10 0 % ,总病理符合率为 96 1%。结论　放大内镜对判断大肠病变性质有较高的病理符合率 ,可区分肿瘤与非肿瘤、良性与恶性肿瘤 ,预测癌的浸润深度 ,决定合适的治疗方式 ,具有较高的临床应用价值     

结直肠肿瘤样病变内镜活检与黏膜切除术后病理诊断比较

背景：结直肠肿瘤样病变内镜黏膜切除术（EMR）后病理诊断与术前内镜活检病理诊断的差异未明。目的：评估放大色素内镜指导下EMR获得的结直肠肿瘤样病变标本的诊断价值。方法：连续收集接受EMR治疗的直径≤2cm的无蒂型或平坦、凹陷型结直肠肿瘤样病变纳入研究,分析EMR病理诊断与术前活检病理诊断的差异。结果：共纳入EMR切除病灶90个,无蒂型25个,平坦、凹陷型65个,后者为高度异型增生（HGD）或腺癌的可能性略高于前者（41．5％对20．0％,P〉0．05）。术前活检病理诊断的总体准确性为68．9％,28个（31．1％）病灶的诊断于术后发生改变．其中4个增生性病变术后均诊断为低度异型增生（LGD）,14个LGD诊断为HGD,5个LGD诊断为腺癌,5个HGD诊断为腺癌。病灶形态学表现及其浸润深度与病理诊断结果的改变无关。结论：放大色素内镜指导下的EMR病理诊断纠正了本组近1／3结直肠肿瘤样病变的术前活检病理诊断,具有完善诊断和治疗的双重作用。     

窄带成像内镜下NICE分型对结直肠肿瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨采用非放大内镜的简化的窄带成像技术（NBI）内镜下分型系统（NICE分型）在内镜诊断结直肠肿瘤中的应用价值。方法对结肠镜检查发现的181处结直肠新生性病变进行NBI内镜检查,观察病变的颜色、微血管结构及表面结构,依据NICE分型标准预测病变性质,并与内镜下或外科手术切除后标本的病理结果进行对比分析。结果NBI内镜下NICE总体分型诊断结直肠肿瘤的总体敏感度、总体特异度、总体阳性预测值、总体阴性预测值和总体准确率分别为95．8％（114／119）、91．9％（57／62）、95．8％（114／119）、91．9％（57／62）和94．5％（171／181）;对微小息肉（≤0．5cm）、小息肉（〉0．5—0．9em）和大息肉（〉0．9Cm）诊断的准确率分别为90．0％（72／80）、95．9％（47／49）和98．1％（51／52）,差异无统计学意义（P=0．175）;诊断直乙结肠微小肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为87．5％（14／16）、95．2％（20／21）、93．3％（14／15）、90．9％（20／22）和91．9％（34／37）。结论依据NICE分型标准使用高分辨率NBI能够较好区分结直肠肿瘤性和非肿瘤性病变,基本可以满足临床需要。     

JNET分型在结直肠肿瘤性病变诊断中的价值

目的 评估窄带成像放大内镜（ME-NBI）下应用JNET分型诊断结直肠肿瘤性病变的临床价值。 方法 在ME-NBI模式下对结肠镜检查发现的110处结直肠新生性病变进行观察，分析病变的血管形态及表面结构变化，根据ME-NBI分型系统（JNET分型、Kudo分型）初步判断病变的性质，并与切除标本的病理结果进行对比分析。 结果 ME-NBI下JNET分型总体分型诊断结直肠肿瘤性病变的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为96.2%（75/78）、93.8%（30/32）、97.4%（75/77）、90.9%（30/33）和95.5%（105/110），Kudo分型总体分型的上述指标结果分别为92.3%（72/78）、81.3%（26/32）、92.3%（72/78）、81.3%（26/32）和89.1%（98/110），两者在诊断准确率上差异无统计学意义（P=0.077）。JNET分型总体分型诊断微小息肉（≤0.5 cm）、小息肉（＞0.5～1.0 cm）、大息肉（＞1.0 cm）肿瘤性的准确率分别为92.3%（36/39）、93.8%（15/16）和98.2%（54/55），三者间差异无统计学意义（P=0.379）。 结论 ME-NBI下JNET分型在鉴别结直肠病变肿瘤性与非肿瘤性方面具有较可靠的诊断价值。     

内镜窄带成像放大技术和染色放大技术诊断结直肠癌及其癌前病变的对比研究

目的 探讨窄带成像(NBI)放大内镜和染色放大内镜对结直肠肿瘤性和非肿瘤性病变的鉴别诊断价值.方法 75例患者92处病变分别在常规内镜模式、NBI放大模式及染色放大模式下进行观察,对发现的病变进行腺管开口分型及血管形态分型,将内镜诊断结果与病理诊断结果进行对比分析.结果 常规内镜检出87处(94.6％)病灶,NBI放大内镜检出90处(97.8％),染色放大内镜全部检出(100.0％).在病变轮廓、微血管形态的图像显示上NBI放大内镜明显优于染色放大内镜(P=0.000),在腺管开口形态的图像显示上NBI放大内镜与染色放大内镜比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.394).NBI放大内镜诊断结直肠肿瘤性病变的符合率、敏感度、特异度分别为91.3％(84/92)、83.9％ (26/31)、95.1％ (58/61),染色放大内镜则对应分别为89.1％(82/92)、80.6％(25/31)、93.4％(57/61),两者比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 NBI放大内镜和染色放大内镜对结直肠肿瘤性、非肿瘤性病变的鉴别效果相似,但NBI放大内镜能更为清晰地显示病变轮廓、微血管形态,且操作转换简单快捷,更易于临床推广应用.     

NICE分型对结直肠息肉及早癌诊治准确性的研究

目的探讨国产非放大高清晰度分光染色（CBI）内镜应用NICE分型对结直肠息肉及早癌诊治的准确性,并为临床诊疗工作提供借鉴。 方法选取2015年12月至2017年10月行结肠镜检查发现结直肠息肉样病变的患者96例,应用非放大或放大CBI内镜对病变进行内镜下实时分型,并行相应治疗或取病理,最终与病理结果相对照,进行比较分析。 结果非放大CBI内镜应用NICE分型诊断肿瘤性病变的准确性、特异性、敏感性、阳性及阴性预测值分别为95.2%、72.73%、100%、94.4%、100%,2型和3型的病变与其对应的病理诊断进行一致性分析,kappa值为0.795（≥0.75）,说明具有理想的一致性,且一致性有统计学意义（P<0.01）。NICE分型与Sano分型对结直肠良性肿瘤性息肉和m-sm1癌与sm2-3癌相鉴别的一致性分析得到,kappa值为0.795,说明具有理想的一致性,且一致性有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论国产非放大CBI内镜应用NICE对结直肠息肉及早癌的诊治有良好的准确性,有助于结直肠息肉及早癌的鉴别诊断,避免不必要的治疗,节省医疗资源。     

非放大内镜下NICE分型判断结直肠肿瘤性息肉的临床应用价值

目的 评估非放大内镜下窄带成像技术（NBI）国际结直肠内镜分型（NICE分型）系统判断结直肠肿瘤的临床实际应用价值。方法 回顾性纳入普通内镜医师行白光结肠镜检查检出、并行NBI观察及NICE分型的224处结直肠息肉资料,对NICE分型结果和内镜或外科手术切除标本的病理结果进行对比分析。结果 224处息肉中NICE 1型59处,2型159处,3型6处;病理诊断非肿瘤性息肉58处,肿瘤性息肉166处。依据NICE分型诊断肿瘤性息肉的总体敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为91.6%、77.6%、92.1%、76.2%和87.9%。NICE分型预测大息肉（直径≥10mm）、小息肉（直径6~9mm）和微小息肉（直径≤5mm）肿瘤性与否的敏感度和准确率分别为100.0%、97.0%、80.9%和95.7%、87.8%、83.3%,诊断准确率随病变直径变小而下降,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.694）。结论 临床实际工作中,普通内镜医师利用非放大内镜下NICE分型判断结直肠肿瘤总体准确率较高,具有一定临床推广应用价值。     

醋酸联合窄带成像放大内镜在结直肠小息肉诊断中的价值

目的 探讨醋酸联合窄带成像放大内镜（NBI-ME）在结直肠小息肉诊断中的价值。 方法 对行内镜治疗的122例261个肠息肉依次采用放大内镜（ME）、NBI-ME和醋酸联合NBI-ME模式观察病灶,保留图像。分别由3位有放大内镜诊断经验的内镜医师（专家）及3位无放大内镜诊断经验的内镜医师（非专家）独立观察图像,图像评估依据工藤腺管开口形态分型诊断标准。以组织病理诊断为金标准,评价不同放大内镜模式对结直肠小息肉诊断的准确性,并对各种放大模式下图像的清晰度及观察者间的一致性进行对比分析。 结果 专家组ME、NBI-ME、醋酸联合NBI-ME模式诊断结直肠肿瘤性小息肉的准确率分别为65.5％（171／261）、90.0％（235／261）、94.6％（247／261）,非专家组分别为57.1％（149／261）、83.1％（217／261）、89.3％（233／261）。专家组、非专家组醋酸联合NBI-ME模式诊断结直肠肿瘤性小息肉的准确率明显高于NBI-ME（P均＜0.05）和ME模式（P均＜0.001）。专家组、非专家组醋酸联合NBI-ME模式清晰度评分均明显大于NBI-ME、ME模式（P均＜0.001）。观察者间一致性评价显示,专家组ME、NBI-ME及醋酸联合NBI-ME模式诊断结直肠肿瘤性小息肉的Kappa值（95％CI）分别为0.578 （0.508～0.648）、0.669 （0.599～0.739）、0.940 （0.870～1.010）,非专家组分别为0.476 （0.406～0.546）、 0.534 （0.464～0.604）、 0.830 （0.760～0.900）;醋酸联合NBI-ME模式一致性好。 结论 醋酸联合NBI-ME对结直肠小息肉性质的诊断准确性和可重复性较高。     

结直肠肿瘤表面凹陷形态对判断病变性质及浸润深度的作用

目的评估应用放大色素内镜观察结直肠肿瘤表面凹陷形态判断病灶性质和浸润深度的作用。方法连续收集符合内镜黏膜切除术（EMR）指征的无蒂或平坦、凹陷型病灶。应用放大色素内镜,对伴有中央凹陷的病灶根据凹陷面形态分为1型（星芒状）和2型（圆盘形）。根据EMR术后病理诊断,分析病灶表面凹陷形态与病变性质和浸润深度的相关性。结果EMR切除病灶90个（无蒂型25个,平坦、凹陷型65个）。病灶中央有凹陷者占54．4％（49／90）,出现高度异型增生（HGD）或癌的比例（51．0％）显著高于没有凹陷者（17．1％）（P〈0．001）。其中,2型凹陷出现HGD或癌的比例（89．5％）又显著高于1型凹陷（26．7％、）（P〈0．001）。根据凹陷面形态区分黏膜下浅层（m·sm1）和黏膜下深层（sm2-sm3）浸润的总体准确性为83．7％（41／49）。结论根据结直肠平坦、凹陷型和无蒂肿瘤表面凹陷形态能够判断病变程度和浸润深度,从而指导EMR治疗。     

High resolution chromoendoscopy in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps

BACKGROUND: Magnifying colonoscopy brought the possibility of precise histologic diagnosis of colorectal lesions through their surface appearance. Despite the high accuracy of magnifying colonoscopy it is a specialized and expensive equipment not available in most medical centers. Due to these reasons the use of conventional colonoscopy with chromoscopy has been raised because this produce can reproduce most of the information previously obtained by magnifying colonoscopy. AIM: To determine the role of high resolution colonoscopy and indigo carmine chromoscopy for differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal lesions through measurements of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. PATIENTS / METHODS: It was performed a prospective study. Seventy-four colorectal polyps were evaluated in 54 patients. A high resolution Olympus Exera CFQ 160L colonoscope was used. After the identification of the lesions, they were dyed with indigo carmine 0,2% and classified according to Kudo's classification by a single observer. After resection, the polyps were submitted to histopathological examination. RESULTS: The endoscopic findings were compared to histopathologic results. The accuracy of the method was 79,7%, sensibility of 88,8%, specificity of 55%, positive predictive value of 84,2% and a negative predictive value of 64,7%. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that we must be careful to apply high resolution colonoscopy and chromoscopy because adenomatous lesions can be misdiagnosed as non-neoplastic.     

The role of high-magnification-chromoscopic colonoscopy in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer screening: a prospective "back-to-back" endoscopic study

BACKGROUND: In hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer flat and diminutive adenomas occur, particularly in the right colon. Such lesions may assume a high risk of malignant transformation. Interval cancers are known to occur in this group. Chromoscopic colonoscopy enhances detection in patients assuming a moderate to high lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. AIM: To prospectively assess the efficacy of high-magnification-chromoscopic colonoscopy for the detection of neoplastic lesions in patients undergoing hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer screening. METHODS: Twenty-five asymptomatic patients fulfilling modified Amsterdam criteria underwent "back-to-back" colonoscopy. Conventional colonoscopy with targeted chromoscopy was performed initially followed by pan-colonic chromoscopic colonoscopy. Diagnostic extubation times and volumes of normal saline and indigo carmine (IC) were controlled. RESULTS: Using conventional colonoscopy and targeted chromoscopy 24 lesions were detected in 13 patients (20 exophytic/4 flat). Pan-colonic chromoscopy identified a further 52 lesions in 16 patients (17 exophytic/35 flat). Pan-chromoscopy identified significantly more adenomas than conventional colonoscopy (p= 0.001) and a significantly high number of flat adenomas (p= 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Pan-colonic chromoscopic colonoscopy improves detection of significant neoplastic lesions in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer screening. Pan-chromoscopy may help better stratify colorectal cancer "risk" in this cohort and aid planning of surveillance colonoscopic follow-up.     

Detecting diminutive colorectal lesions at colonoscopy: a randomised controlled trial of pan-colonic versus targeted chromoscopy

BACKGROUND: Diminutive and flat colorectal lesions can be difficult to detect using conventional colonoscopic techniques. Previous data have suggested that pan-chromoscopy may improve detection rates. No randomised control trial has been performed examining detection rates of such lesions while controlling for extubation time and lavage effect. AIM: We conducted a randomised controlled trial of pan-colonic chromoscopic colonoscopy for the detection of diminutive and flat colorectal lesions while controlling for extubation time and lavage effect. METHODS: Consecutive patients attending for routine colonoscopy were randomised to either pan-chromoscopy using 0.5% indigo carmine (IC) or targeted chromoscopy (control group). A minimum diagnostic extubation time was set at eight minutes with controls undergoing a matched volume of saline wash. RESULTS: A total of 260 patients were randomised; 132 controls and 128 to pan-colonic chromoscopy. Extubation times did not differ significantly between the control (median 15 minutes (range 8-41)) and chromoscopy (median 17 minutes (range 8-39)) groups. The volume of IC used in the pan-chromoscopy group (median 68 ml (range 65-90)) and normal saline used in the control group (69 ml (range 60-93)) did not differ significantly. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the total number of adenomas detected (p<0.05) with significantly more diminutive (<4 mm) adenomas detected in the pan-chromoscopy group (p = 0.03). Pan-chromoscopy diagnosed more diminutive and flat lesions in the right colon compared with controls (p<0.05), with more patients with multiple adenomas (>3) detected using pan-chromoscopy (p<0.01). Hyperplastic lesions were more commonly detected in the pan-chromoscopy group compared with controls (p<0.001). More hyperplastic polyps were detected in the left colon (86% rectosigmoid) using chromoscopy compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Chromoscopy improves the total number of adenomas detected and enhances the detection of diminutive and flat lesions. Importantly, eight diminutive lesions had foci of high grade dysplasia. Chromoscopy may benefit patients, assuming a high risk of colorectal cancer, and help in risk stratification and planning follow up colonoscopy intervals.     

窄带成像技术对大肠增生性病变的诊断价值研究

目的探讨窄带光谱成像技术（NBI）对大肠增生性病变的诊断价值。方法在白光及NBI模式下分别对大肠可疑病灶进行观察、诊断,以活检病理学检查结果作为金标准,对比NBI与传统肠镜诊断大肠炎性增生、腺瘤、早癌及进展期肿瘤的敏感性及特异性。采用NBI模式结合放大内镜观察各种大肠增生性病灶的腺管开口分型及病灶表面微血管形态并进行评分,总结NBI下大肠各种增生性病灶的内镜下特点。结果（1）传统肠镜及NBI技术检查280例患者共发现368处病灶,NBI诊断大肠炎性增生、腺瘤及早癌的敏感性及特异性明显高于传统肠镜。（2）NBI下大肠炎性增生的腺管开口多为Ⅰ、Ⅱ型,腺瘤多为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型（共占94．2％）,早癌的腺管开口可为Ⅲ（18．8％）、Ⅳ（56．3％）和Ⅴ型（25．0％）,进展期肿瘤多为Ⅴ型开口（94．0％）。（3）NBI下大肠炎性增生、腺瘤、早癌及进展期恶性肿瘤的微血管形态学平均评分分别为1．35±0．72、3．86±1．07、6．52±2．59和11．42±3．59,评分在6．5分以上病灶高度提示为恶性病灶。结论NBI在鉴别诊断大肠增生性病灶的敏感性及特异性明显高于传统肠镜,NBI结合放大内镜对病灶腺管开口分型及微血管形态的观察能帮助预测病灶的病理性质。     

放大内镜下大肠黏膜腺管开口分型对早期大肠癌检出的意义

目的 评价腺管开口分型对早期大肠癌及癌前病变检出的临床价值.方法 回顾2004年11月至2007年8月结肠镜检查,采用内镜下黏膜染色技术,结合放大内镜及实体镜观察腺管开口分型并与病理诊断对照,腺管开口分型采用工藤进英分型标准.结果 结肠镜检杳大肠病变共1496个,非肿瘤性病变占30.6%(458/1496),各类型腺瘤占43.9%(657/1496),大肠癌占25.5%(381/1496).早期大肠癌61个;大肠侧向发育型肿瘤36个,直径10～62 mm,其中Ⅱ型3个,Ⅲ1.型14个,Ⅳ型17个,Ⅴ型2个.管状腺瘤中以低级别上皮内瘤变居多,占87.5%(363/415);管状绒毛状腺瘤高级别上皮内瘤变占40.7%(61/150);绒毛状腺瘤腺管开口以Ⅳ型为主,高级别上皮内瘤变达85.7%(42/49).结论 大肠腺管开口分型对于判断肿瘤性、非肿瘤性病变以及早期大肠癌的检出有重要意义,对及时进行内镜治疗或手术切除具有一定的临床指导意义.     

Magnifying Endoscopy with Indigo Carmine Contrast for Differential Diagnosis of Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Colonic Polyps

This study describes the feasibility of magnifying colonoscopy with indigo carmine dye contrast to distinguish neoplastic and nonneoplastic colonic polyps. This study sampled consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy using an Olympus CF240ZI from January to October 2000 at Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou Medical Center. This study analyzed a total of 270 polyps. Indigo carmine (0.2%) was sprayed directly on the mucosa surface before observing the crypts using a magnifying colonoscope (1.5x-100x). The pit patterns were described using the classification proposed by Kudo. Finally, polypectomy or biopsy was performed for histological diagnosis. The study identified 155 adenomas, 99 hyperplastic polyps, 9 adenocarcinomas, and 7 other nonneoplastic lesions (harmatoma, inflammatory polyps, and mucosal tag). The pit pattern was analyzed for all lesions. Further classification into neoplastic (adenoma and adenocarcinoma) and nonneoplastic (hyperplastic and others) polyps revealed 156 neoplastic and 14 nonneoplastic polyps among the type III to type V pits and 92 nonneoplastic and 8 neoplastic polyps among the type I and II pits. The sensitivity of type III to type V pits in detecting neoplastic polyps was 95.1%, with a specificity of 86.8% and diagnostic accuracy of 91.9%. The positive likelihood ratio was 7.3, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.06. Magnifying colonoscopy with indigo carmine dye contrast provides morphological detail that correlates well with polyp histology. Small flat lesions with typical type II pit pattern should have minimal neoplastic risk, thus endoscopic resection is not necessary.     

窄带成像技术普通内镜与放大内镜对大肠肿瘤诊断价值的对比研究

目的 探讨窄带成像技术（NBI）模式下普通内镜和放大内镜对大肠肿瘤性与非肿瘤性病变的鉴别诊断价值.方法 选择2008年9月至2010年2月间内镜中心行NBI内镜检查发现的大肠新生性病变的患者,对发现的大肠新生性病变进行黏膜表面细微腺管开口形态分型及微血管形态分型,综合工藤进英腺管开口形态分型法与佐野宁微血管形态分型法进行诊断,将NBI内镜诊断结果与病理诊断结果进行对比分析.100例患者符合条件纳入研究,其中行NBI普通内镜64例,行NBI放大内镜36例.结果 排除不符合诊断标准的7例病例（NBI普通内镜5例,NBI放大内镜2例）,NBI内镜对大肠肿瘤性与非肿瘤性病变诊断的总符合率为91.4%（85/93）,其中NBI普通内镜为89.8%（53/59）,NBI放大内镜为94.1%（32/34）,均明显高于文献报道传统内镜的79.1%（P均＜0.05）,但NBI普通内镜与NBI放大内镜间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 与NBI放大内镜相似,NBI普通内镜也可比较准确地鉴别大肠肿瘤性与非肿瘤性病变.