银杏酚对菜青虫的拒食活性研究

用叶碟法测定银杏酚对菜青虫的拒食活性,拒食率为30.1%至81.5%,银杏酚影响菜青虫的生长发育,使其发育为超龄幼虫,多数超龄幼虫不能形成蛹而致死。银杏酚对菜青虫防治作用机理是：银杏酚抑制了前胸腺一些重要酶的合成活性,影响了正常蜕皮和生长发育,使其拒食和死亡。例如,银杏酚抑制酪氨酸酶的合成。酪氨酸酶的作用是,催化酪氨酸,经过一系列反应,生成蜕皮后新表皮所需的硬化物质。由于银杏酚抑制了酪氨酸的合成,影响了害虫的正常蜕皮和生长发育,使其发育为超龄幼虫,拒食而死亡。由于昆虫都有外骨骼,在生长发育过程中都要多次蜕皮,所以银杏酚对蚜虫防治作用机理,与银杏酚对菜青虫防治作用机理相同。都是由于银杏酚抑制了前胸腺一些重要酶合成,影响了正常蜕皮和生长发育,致其死亡。     

八宝景天乙醇提取物对菜青虫的生物活性

[目的]室内测定了八宝景天乙醇提取物对菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食和触杀作用。[方法]采用小叶碟法和浸渍法分别测定乙醇提取物对菜青虫的拒食和触杀作用。[结果]浸渍法处理对菜青虫3龄幼虫48、72 h的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为7.768、0.183 g/L,且校正死亡率均达100%,24、48 h的拒食率最高分别为99.15%、91.94%,拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为4.819、15.442 g/L。[结论]八宝景天乙醇提取物对菜青虫3龄幼虫具有较高的拒食和触杀活性,为生物源农药提供了一种新的植物来源。     

坡柳种子提取物对菜青虫取食和生长发育的影响

研究了坡柳种子乙醇提取物对菜青虫4龄幼虫的拒食作用和生长发育的影响。结果表明,坡柳种子乙醇提取物对菜青虫4龄幼虫有显著的拒食活性,24、48h的非选择性拒食性AFC50值分别为742.14、1099.93mg/L;选择性拒食AFC50值分别为1081.15、1553.2mg/L;乙醇提取物对菜青虫4龄幼虫的生长发育抑制作用明显,随施药剂量的增加,生长抑制率增大,化蛹率降低,处理剂量为5000mg/L时,生长抑制率大于100%,化蛹率仅为13.33%。     

木荷提取物对小菜蛾和菜青虫的拒食活性

室内测定了木荷甲醇提取物对小菜蛾、菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明，木荷树皮甲醇提取物对小菜蛾、菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食活性最高。木荷树皮甲醇提取物在10g／L的质量浓度下，对小菜蛾3龄幼虫24h和48h的拒食率分别为94．27％和94．78％，拒食中浓度（AFC50）分别为2．7445g／L和1．5519g／L；对菜青虫3龄幼虫，在2g/L的质量浓度下，24h和148h的拒食率均达到100％，拒食中浓度（AFC50）分别为0．1053g／L和0．1488g／L。     

鸦胆子提取物对菜青虫幼虫取食和生长发育的影响

测定了鸦胆子沉淀部分（Ⅰ）、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水抽提物对荣青虫4龄幼虫的拒食、抑制生长发育和毒杀活性。结果表明，在10mg／ml浓度下，处理24h，除了水提取物活性较低外，沉淀部分（Ⅰ）、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇抽提物对菜青虫4龄幼虫的拒食率和生长抑制率均在80％以上。处理48h，除鸦胆子氯仿抽提物对菜青虫4龄幼虫的拒食活性仍然保持高活性，拒食率达95．50％外，沉淀部分（Ⅰ）、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇抽提物活性的拒食率和生长抑制率有所降低，均在60％-75％之间。处理5d后，氯仿和乙酸乙酯抽提物的幼虫死亡率均为100％，化蛹率均为0，而水提取物与对照一样。     

木荷树皮杀虫活性成分追踪的初步试验

采用活性追踪和化学分离相结合的方法对木荷树皮甲醇提取物中的活性成分进行分离,用石油醚、氯仿和正丁醇连续萃取,经生物活性测定,正丁醇萃取物的活性最大.木荷树皮正丁醇萃取物在2g/L质量浓度下,对小菜蛾3龄幼虫24、48 h的拒食率分别为91.30%和92.44%,拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为0.4570、0.4346 g/L;对菜青虫4龄幼虫,在1 g/L质量浓度下,24、48 h的拒食率分别为99.08%和96.44%,拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为0.041 9、0.0557 g/L.     

黄荆提取物对几种害虫的杀虫活性

研究了黄荆种子二氯甲烷提取物对5种害虫的杀虫活性以及对天敌异色瓢虫的安全性。结果表明：黄荆提取物对菜青虫、小菜蛾、麦长管蚜和桃蚜都有较高的杀虫活性，尤其是对菜青虫的活性最高，稀释100倍，处理4龄幼虫死亡率可达93．3％。但对大猿叶甲的杀虫活性则很低。黄荆提取物对异色瓢虫幼虫有一定的杀虫活性，但对其成虫无任何影响。本研究结果为开发利用这一新的杀虫植物资源提供了依据。     

鸦胆子提取物对斜纹夜蛾拒食作用的初步研究

探讨了鸦胆子提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄和5龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明,鸦胆子提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有较好的拒食活性。当浓度为0.5mg/mL时,对斜纹夜蛾3龄、5龄幼虫的拒食活性稍强于0.1mg/mL印楝素的拒食活性;24h的拒食活性测定中,3龄和5龄幼虫的非选择性AFC50分别为0.0374mg/mL和0.0370mg/mL;选择性AFC50分别为0.0320mg/mL和0.0230mg/mL,具有进一步研究开发的价值。     

石菖蒲根茎提取物对粘虫的生物活性

用石菖蒲的甲醇、石油醚、水等6种不同极性溶剂的提取物对粘虫进行了室内生物活性测定。结果表明：石菖蒲的甲醇提取物对粘虫具有极强的拒食和生长发育抑制作用，兼具一定触杀活性。在非选择性条件下，石菖蒲甲醇提取物对粘虫4龄幼虫拒食率高达91．89％，拒食活性显著高于其它提取物；在毒杀和生长发育抑制试验中，取食含毒叶片后的4龄幼虫体重在3d内出现负增长，4d后试虫全部死亡；此外，石菖蒲甲醇提取物对粘虫幼虫也有一定触杀活性，其死亡率超过60％。在该试验中，石油醚提取物对粘虫幼虫的拒食活性仅次于甲醇提取物，而对粘虫的生长抑制作用则低于甲醇、氯仿及乙酸乙酯3种溶剂的提取物。6种不同极性溶剂提取物中，以水提取物对粘虫的生物活性最小。     

茜草乙醇提取物对小菜蛾的活性作用方式

研究了茜草乙醇提取物对小菜蛾的触杀、拒食和抑制生长作用.结果表明:茜草乙醇提取物对小菜蛾3龄幼虫具有较高的触杀和拒食活性,浸渍法处理对小菜蛾3龄幼虫72 h的致死中浓度(LC50)为4.869 g/L,24、48 h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为5.956、6.011 g/L;乙醇提取物对小菜蛾的生长发育也有一定抑制作用,随施药剂量的增加,生长抑制率增大,化蛹率和羽化率降低,处理剂量为50.00 g/L时,生长抑制率为98.96%,化蛹率为42.51%,羽化率仅为12.50%.     

高残碳酚醛树脂粘合剂的合成

合成了高残碳酚醛树脂,研究了醛酚摩尔比、催化剂品种、溶剂对酚醛树脂残碳量的影响。当采用碱金属碳酸盐作催化剂,醛酚摩尔比在1.35-1.37时,树脂具有最高的残碳量。采用最优化工艺合成的液体树脂残碳量达到49%。由此合成的粘合剂应用于含碳耐火材料的生产中,被认为是合适的粘合剂。     

Mass transfer‐limited wet oxidation of phenol

Catalytic wet oxidation carried out in a continual three‐phase trickle‐bed reactor contributes to the sustainability of chemical technology. It was found that the hydrodynamics and the mass‐transfer of reactants could have a significant impact on the performance of the trickle‐bed reactor. An aqueous phenol oxidation was tested at different temperatures and liquid feed rates and the activities of both the CuO‐supported catalyst and the extruded active carbon were compared. To avoid the impact of liquid maldistribution, a bed of catalyst particles diluted with fine glass spheres was also used. Rate‐limited conditions of both liquid‐ and gas‐phase presented reactants were determined. Under the conditions of gas component transfer limitation, a better wetting of the diluted catalyst bed can lead to a worsening in the reactor performance due to the lower overall reaction rates. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

过滤-树脂吸附法处理焦化废水的研究

采用高温炉渣过滤 ,再用南开牌 H - 10 3大孔树脂室温下以 4BV/h流速吸附处理含酚 5 2 0 mg/L、COD 32 0 0 m g/L的焦化废水 ,调节废水 p H值为 6 ,处理体积为 6 0 BV ,处理出水酚含量≤ 0 .5 m g/L ,COD≤ 80mg/L ,达到国家排放标准。选用 0 .5 BV甲醇做脱附剂 ,室温下以 2 BV/h流速进行洗脱再生 ,脱附率达 99%以上。经 10 0次循环使用 ,树脂性能不变。脱附剂脱附达饱和后 ,再通过蒸馏回收甲醇和其中的酚 ,残渣进行焚烧处理     

乳状液膜分离富集废水中的苯酚

以聚异丁二烯双丁酰亚胺(T-154)为表面活性剂制备乳状液膜,研究其对废水中苯酚的分离富集效果。通过单因素法和正交实验优选了乳状液膜的制备条件,即:V(T-154)∶V(液体石蜡)∶V(煤油)=4∶2∶30,质量分数3%的Na OH溶液为内水相,油内比为1∶2(体积比);将最优条件下制备的乳状液膜用于对废水中苯酚的分离富集条件为:溶液p H=6,乳水比为1∶4(体积比),富集时间为15 min;在该条件下加标回收率为96%~98%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)为3.7%~4.8%。     

Preparation of SO42−/Fe2O3?MoO3 and its catalytic activity in the electrolytic reaction of phenol with methanol

BACKGROUND: Environmentally friendly solid catalysts are important in many processes from an industrial point of view and are applied widely in the study of alkylation of phenol with methanol in gas phase. However, liquid‐phase reactions have not been well studied. This paper deals with an assessment of liquid‐phase electrolytic alkylation in the presence of SO₄^2?/Fe₂O₃? MoO₃. RESULTS: A bidentate structure was formed between the SO₄^2? and metal. A catalyst with an amorphous structure delivered lower catalytic activity even at a higher Mo content. The highest activity was obtained at an Mo content of 16% (molar composition), which delivered a phenol conversion of up to 70.5%. Experiments also showed that the catalyst can be reused at least for three times. CONCLUSION: Application of solid catalyst in the liquid‐phase reaction assisted by electrolysis alkylation was found to be viable. The main products were methoxyphenols, in contrast to that associated with gas‐phase operation. A possible mechanism of product formation has been proposed. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Diphenyl Carbonate Synthesis by Homogeneous Pd Electrocatalyst

Electrochemical carbonylation of phenol with CO to diphenyl carbonate (DPC) using Pd electrocatalyst was studied at P(CO) = 1 atm and room temperature. Electrochemical carbonylation was conducted by galvanostatic electrolysis at 1 mA in electrolyte solutions containing phenol, sodium phenoxide and CH₃CN. It was found that electrochemical carbonylation by Pd was promoted by using 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) ligand of a N-heterocyclic carbene. The current efficiency of DPC increased more than 3.4 times using the IMes ligand. The maximum current efficiency of DPC formation was 45 %.     

银杏内酯A和B的分离纯化研究

In this paper a simple preparative method for isolation and purification of ginkgolides A and B was developed,As starting material,a commercially available standardized ginkgo extract (EGb761,containing 24% flavonoid and 6% terpene trilactones) was used,After a pretreatment step,optimized by the uniform design method ,the concentrated intermediate extract with high content of GA and gb( 90%) was separated into the individual terpenes by preparative liquid chromatography eluted with petroleum ether-ethylacetate,Analysis of products was carried out by means of HPLC-ELSD(evaporative light -scattering detector),The results show that ginkgolides A and B are obtained in higher yield and better purity.     

T-154为载体的微乳液膜处理焦化厂含酚废水

研究了以T-154为载体的P204/煤油/NaOH微乳液膜配方及其稳定性。采用该液膜体系处理含酚废水,探讨了载体浓度、分离时间、乳水比、油相的重复使用次数等对除酚率的影响。结果表明,微乳液膜不仅稳定性好,分离速度快,除酚效率高,而且可自动破乳,油相可重复使用。当T-154在油相中的质量浓度为5%,分离时间为20m in,乳水比为1∶4,废水的pH值为5时,一次性除酚率达99.95%。将该微乳体系用于处理某焦化厂中高浓度的含酚废水,一次性除酚率均高于97%,且对高浓度含酚废水的除酚效果更佳。     

提高双砜S产率的合成方法研究

以苯酚和硫酸为原料 ,采用分段真空脱水及添加适量苯酚的方法合成双砜S。其结果表明 ,苯酚添加量是影响双砜S产率的关键。最佳反应条件为 :苯酚与浓硫酸的物质的量比为1 0 0 0∶1 175 ,反应温度 10 0℃ ,反应时间 3h ;然后提高温度至 145～ 15 0℃ ,每反应 1h抽真空 (残压 :0 0 3～ 0 .0 4MPa) 15min ,共抽 3次 ;每次抽完真空后 ,添加适量苯酚 ,总共加入第一次用量的1 12 5倍 ,4h后反应结束 ,双砜S产率达到 82 %。     

Easy removing of phenol from wastewater using vegetable oil-based organic solvent in emulsion liquid membrane process

Phenol is considered as pollutant due to its toxicity and carcinogenic effect.Thus,variety of innovative methods for separation and recovery of phenolic compounds is developed in order to remove the unwanted phenol from wastewater and obtain valuable phenolic compound.One of potential method is extraction using green based liquid organic solvent.Therefore,the feasibility of using palm oil was investigated.In this research,palm oil based organic phase was used as diluents to treat a simulated wastewater containing 300×10~(-6) of phenol solution using emulsion liquid membrane process(ELM).The stability of water-in-oil(W/O) emulsion on diluent composition and the parameters affecting the phenol removal efficiency and stability of the emulsion;such as emulsification speed,emulsification time,agitation speed,surfactant concentration,pH of external phase,contact time,stripping agent concentration and treat ratio were carried out.The results of ELM study showed that at ratio7 to 3 of palm oil to kerosene,5 min and 1300 r·min~(-1) of emulsification process the stabile primary emulsion were formed.Also,no carrier is needed to facilitate the phenol extraction.In experimental conditions of500 r·min~(-1) of agitation speed,3%Span 80,pH 8 of external phase,5 min of contact time,0.1 mol·L~(-1) NaOH as stripping agent and 1:10 of treat ratio,the ELM process was very promising for removing the phenol from the wastewater.The extraction performance at about 83%of phenol was removed for simulated wastewater and an enrichment of phenol in recovery phase as phenolate compound was around 11 times.