电解法制备纳米LiTi_2O_4粉体

以"牺牲"阳极溶解法在c(Bu4NBr)=0 04mol/L的乙醇和乙酰丙酮混合溶液中,控制电流强度在0 2A,电解钛片6h,再向所得溶液中加入0 35g锂片,制得复合氧化物纳米粉体LiTi2O4的前驱体。将含有前驱体的电解液直接水解,控制pH=8 5左右。水解产物经干燥、煅烧,制得纳米LiTi2O4粉体。采用红外(IR)、差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子透射技术(TEM)等手段对干凝胶和纳米LiTi2O4进行了表征。结果表明:制备得到的纳米粉体呈单分散结构,平均粒径10～30nm。用此种方法在700℃即可制得所需产物,是一种合成纳米氧化物的很有前途的方法。     

金属阳极溶解法制备纳米氧化物NiAl2O4

在乙醇和乙酰丙酮混合溶液中,50～55℃,导电盐Bu4NBr浓度为0 040mol/L,控制阳极电流0 2A电解铝片6h,再电解镍片2h,制得前驱体NiAl2(OCH2CH3)(8 y)(acac)y[acac为乙酰丙酮基]。将电解液控制pH=8 5直接水解形成凝胶,凝胶经洗涤、干燥后在350℃煅烧2h,制得纳米NiAl2O4粉体,粒径20～30nm。用红外(IR)、差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子透射技术(TEM)等手段对前驱体和纳米NiAl2O4进行了表征。     

金属醇盐水解法制备纳米氧化物LiAlO2

向100mL乙醇和1mL乙酰丙酮混合溶液中加入0.18g锂片,采用金属阳极溶解法控制电流为0.2A电解铝片6h,制得纳米LiAlO2前驱体.将电解液控制pH为9.0直接水解形成凝胶,经洗涤、干燥后在550℃煅烧2h,制得纳米LiAlO2粉体.产物通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、电子透射显微镜(TEM)、差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)进行表征.结果表明,所得前驱体结构为LiAl(OEt)(4-n)(acac)n(acac为乙酰丙酮基);干凝胶粒径20～30nm,适宜煅烧温度为550℃;煅烧后所得纳米LiAlO2粉体粒径为30nm.     

室温固相反应法制备FeNiMnO4超细粉体

以氯化亚铁、乙酸锰、乙酸镍和草酸为原料,采用室温固相反应法制得FeNiMn(C2O4)3.nH2O复合草酸盐前驱体,将该前驱体在800℃煅烧2 h得到FeNiMnO4超细粉体。研究结果表明,由该法制得的复合氧化物粉体,化学组成精确,颗粒均匀细小,一次粒经为150 nm;烧结活性较高,在1150℃烧结5 h制得的FeNiMnO4陶瓷相对密度约98%。     

醇水加热-水热法制备稳定Y-Ce-ZrO2纳米粉体

用醇水加热法制备前驱体,再由水热法制备摩尔分数为2 %Y2O3-5.5 %CeO2稳定的纳米四方相ZrO2.采用XRD,FTIR,TEM,SEAD分别对前驱体和纳米ZrO2粉体进行表征.研究了溶液的浓度、水浴时间、水热时间对ZrO2粉体晶型和形貌的影响.结果表明当溶液中ZrOCl2·8H2O的浓度为0.2 mol/L,醇水体积比例为5∶1,溶液加热至75 ℃,保温60 min;再经200 ℃水热处理6 h,制得的Y2O3-CeO2-ZrO2粉体的平均粒径为10 nm左右,粒度分布窄,分散性好.     

应用超临界流体干燥技术制备纳米锑掺杂氧化锡的研究

以无机盐SnCl4·5H2O,SbCl3为起始原料,以乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)粒子.在洗涤除去醇凝胶中的NH+和Cl-后,尝试将超临界流体干燥(Supercritical Fluid Drying,SCFD)技术应用于醇凝胶的干燥.醇凝胶干粉经过高温烧结后,制得了疏松结构的纳米ATO粉体.采用XRD、TG/DSC、FESEM、TEM等分析方法对制得的前驱体干粉、纳米ATO粒子进行表征.XRD结果表明,采用溶胶.凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥技术制得了疏松的、四方型金红石结构的纳米ATO粉体,纳米ATO晶化程度高,并随着烧结温度的升高而升高.TG/DSC分析显示,600℃时前驱体分解完全,得到约78.2%的ATO粒子.从FESEM及TEM照片可以看出,疏松的纳米ATO粒子轻微地贴在一起,粒子的粒径在25 nm左右.经过对超临界CO2干燥技术(SCFD)消除前驱体粒子团聚的机理进行分析,揭示了采用超临界CO2流体干燥醇凝胶能够使前驱体粒子保持松敝的结构.因此采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界流体技术制得疏松的前驱体干粉,对最终获得粒径小、低团聚、分散性好的纳米ATO粉体的至关重要.     

碳酸铝铵制备纳米氧化铝工艺的研究

本论文采用碳酸铝铵热解的工艺,以硫酸铝、硫酸铵和碳酸氢铵为原料,水为介质,运用正交试验法,采用共沉淀法制备出前驱体NH_4AlO(OH)HCO_3,将此前驱体洗涤,干燥,在一定温度下热解,制得具有特殊形貌和微观结构性能的氧化铝粉体。并用XRD、SEM等检测方法对粉体进行了表征。研究结果表明,反应体系的pH值、反应体系的温度、反应物的浓度以及加入的分散剂的量对前驱体AACH的生成以及粉体的性能都有很大影响。实验表明,在水溶液剂中控制反应体系的pH在9左右,温度控制在室温,加入适量分散剂(PEG),可制得颗粒细小,粒度分布均匀并且分散度优异的前驱体NH_4AlO(OH)HCO_3,其副产物(NH_4)_2SO_4又可循环利用。最后经过高温(1050℃)煅烧前驱体得到粒径约为10nm左右的超细α-Al_2O_3。     

电化学方法制备电极板材料LiAlO_2

向100ml乙醇和1ml乙酰丙酮混合溶液中加入0.18g锂片,控制电流为0.2A电解铝片6h,制得纳米LiAlO2前驱体。将电解液水解、洗涤、干燥后在550℃煅烧2h,制得纳米LiAlO2粉体。产物通过电子透射显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)进行表征。结果表明,适宜煅烧温度为550℃;煅烧后所得纳米LiAlO2粉体粒径为30nm。MCFC电堆平均每个电池的开路电压达到1.15V左右,电堆电流密度达到187mA·cm-2,输出功率为217.8W;10次再启动,电池性能不降低。     

钛酸镧氧氮化物粉体的制备与表征

以溶胶-凝胶法所制备的复合氧化物La2Ti2O7粉体为前驱体,氨气为氮化剂,制备了LaTiO2N氧氮化物粉体.采用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA),X射线(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、氮吸附比表面仪(BET)、透射电镜(TEM)对前驱体氧化物和合成的氧氮化物进行了表征.结果表明:合成的氧化物La2Ti2O7粉体活性高,在900℃氮化12 h可制备出比表面积为13.51 m2/g的LaTiO2N氧氮化物粉体.随着氮化温度的升高,氧氮化物的紫外-可见吸收边界有明显的红移,纯相LaTiO2N的吸收边界为580 nm.     

尿素均相沉淀法制备超细CeO2的研究

以Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O和尿素为原料,采用均相沉淀方法制备CeO_2前驱体经灼烧获得了超细CeO_2粉体。前驱体经灼烧分解形成CeO_2的过程中,在形貌和尺寸上具有遗传性,可通过控制反应条件来控制所制备的前驱体的形貌及大小控制所制备的粉体的形貌及大小。制备了球形,粒径在200纳米左右,尺寸均一,分散性好的CeO_2粉体。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

卫生陶瓷烧成用窑炉发展之我见

归纳了当今卫生陶瓷工业的发展现状和水平 ,对窑炉产业提出了的新要求 ,分析了某一新型窑炉的特点 ,对发展我国陶瓷窑炉产业提出了建议     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.