喷水推进器内非定常压力脉动特性

基于RANS方程和SST湍流模型,对喷水推进器内非定常流场进行数值模拟.经网格无关性分析后,计算得到的功率、推力与试验值对比最大误差小于4%.分析了设计转速工况和自航工况时叶轮进口、叶轮出口、导叶中部和导叶出口压力脉动的时域和频域特性.结果表明:喷水推进器内最大压力脉动发生在叶轮进口;受不均匀来流影响,叶轮进口从80°至140°半径方向的压力脉动较大;在叶轮进口与出口处,压力脉动主要受叶轮叶频控制,从轮毂到轮缘脉动幅值逐渐增大;设计转速条件下,喷水推进器运行于设计航速工况时叶轮进口压力脉动最小;自由航行时,压力脉动频率与喷水推进器转速呈线性关系,脉动幅值随航速增加而升高.     

水泵水轮机内部压力脉动特性研究

为了研究水泵水轮机内部不同部位处的压力脉动特性,采用计算流体动力学软件对设计工况点下水泵水轮机三维全流道内部流动进行了非定常数值计算,同时监测了蜗壳隔舌附近、顶盖处、转轮与活动导叶之间以及尾水管锥管处的压力脉动。通过分析计算所得的压力脉动结果表明:机组顶盖区域压力脉动相对较为明显,水轮机工况下的脉动频率以2倍叶倍频为主,水泵工况时脉动频率以1倍的叶倍频为主;对于转轮与导叶间的无叶区域,水泵工况和水轮机工况脉动频率均为1倍叶倍频,且该处的监测点的压力脉动频率主要由于转轮与活动导叶之间的动静干涉产生;在转轮内水轮机工况时的压力脉动频率呈现多样性,水泵工况时则都以转频的倍数为主;尾水管直锥段的主频率在最优工况下等于1倍叶倍频,振动幅值较小。     

混流泵水动力噪声的数值预报方法

为了准确预报分析混流泵的水动力噪声,首先结合边界元法和点源模型理论完成静止壁面流噪声和任意边界条件下旋转声源噪声的数值计算与结果校验;然后以某混流泵为对象利用大涡模拟方法得到泵固体壁面脉动压力分布,在此基础上分别计算混流泵静止部件和旋转部件的水动力噪声,最后对二者声场进行叠加即得到了混流泵总声场。研究结果表明:混流泵静止壁面脉动压力幅值最强位置在叶轮与导叶的相互作用区域;静止部件对应的噪声峰值频率主要在叶频、导叶通过频率以及二者的谐频处;在混流泵进口截面叶轮引起的噪声占主要成分,静止部件的贡献可以忽略。     

泵作透平尾水管压力脉动特性分析与试验

为研究泵作透平尾水管压力脉动特性及内部流动机理,采用试验与雷诺时均非定常数值计算相结合的方法,对尾水管内部压力脉动及其上游过流部件对其内部流动特征的影响进行分析,得到不同位置监测点处的压力脉动特征。研究结果表明:蜗壳内压力脉动主频为叶片通过频率,动静干涉作用是引起透平蜗壳内压力脉动的主要原因;由于上游蜗壳内产生的压力脉动传播到叶轮导致叶轮流道内除主频轴频外还存在1个次主频叶频;小流量时尾水管中心区域出现回流现象,但是随着流量的继续增加回流现象逐渐消失;透平尾水管内压力脉动主要为上游蜗壳内压力脉动传播所致,动静干涉作用是其产生的主要原因;随着流量的增加,透平内部压力脉动主频幅值增加,且大流量工况下达到最大值。     

深海扬矿泵内部非定常流体径向力研究

基于深海扬矿泵是深海采矿系统的关键设备,泵内部流动较复杂,无法用公式对流体径向力进行理论计算等,采用试验和数值模拟方法对其作用规律以及产生机理进行研究。首先,对泵内流场进行定常数值计算。然后,进行非定常数值计算,得到泵内压力和径向力的时域和频域图。研究结果表明:在对泵内流场进行定常数值计算时,发现扬程、功率和效率的模拟值与试验值较吻合,从而验证了数值模拟方法的可行性;叶轮和导叶的动静干涉是泵内产生压力脉动和不平衡径向力的重要原因;泵内压力和径向力均呈周期性脉动;叶轮内的压力脉动周期和主频与导叶的叶片数相关,导叶内的压力脉动周期和主频与叶轮叶片数相关,而两者的径向力脉动周期和主频则均与叶轮叶片数相关。     

异常低水头下水泵水轮机压力脉动特性分析

为了研究水泵水轮机在异常低水头下内部流动的压力脉动特性,以某抽水蓄能电站模型水泵水轮机为研究对象,基于大涡模拟方法,对模型机组进行全流道非定常数值计算.结合试验数据,分析异常低水头下流道内不同位置处压力脉动特征和流态特征,讨论流量变化对机组压力脉动特性的影响.结果表明:异常低水头下,压力脉动主要由"导叶-转轮-尾水管"之间的两级动静干涉以及肘管段结构弯曲引起水流撞击等因素共同引起;流量变化对导叶后转轮前压力脉动的频率和幅值影响不大,仅在小流量区有所区别;尾水管内压力脉动的低频值和幅值受流量变化的影响较大,而高频值则在各种流量状况下均未出现.与正常运行工况相比,水泵水轮机在异常低水头工况下的压力脉动特性明显增强,对机组的稳定性和安全性造成了十分不利的影响.     

缝隙引流叶轮离心泵的压力脉动及振动特性

缝隙引流叶轮是基于流动控制思想设计的新型叶轮,可改善低比转速离心泵的水力性能和空化性能.测试结果表明:随着流量的增加,缝隙引流叶轮离心泵蜗室及出口处的压力脉动和振动都呈先减小后增大的趋势;在大流量下,缝隙引流叶轮离心泵的压力脉动和振动明显小于常规叶轮离心泵.对比分析两种叶轮的内部流动后发现,缝隙引流叶轮出口处更均匀的速度分布,及其内部较弱的二次流输运,均是缝隙引流叶轮离心泵压力脉动小于常规叶轮离心泵的根本原因.常规叶轮离心泵压力脉动频谱图中的叶频(blade passing frequency,BPF)幅值较突出,而缝隙引流叶轮离心泵的2倍叶频幅值较突出.两种叶轮离心泵的振动频谱分析结果表明,二者在水平和竖直方向上的振动主频都为2倍叶频.在对压力脉动与振动特性的互相关结果分析中发现,叶频及倍频的幅值较高,说明压力脉动和振动密切相关,同时受到叶轮旋转产生的激励的影响.     

不同开度下水泵水轮机飞逸工况压力脉动特性分析

为研究不同开度下混流式水泵水轮机流道内的压力脉动,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型,进行了某模型水泵水轮机飞逸工况7个不同开度下的全流道三维非定常数值计算,并与实验结果进行对比,分析了其各区域压力脉动幅值和频率.结果表明:随着开度的增大,转速上升,水泵水轮机流道内的压力脉动幅值有所升高,增大到一定程度后会引起蜗壳内流动特性的改变;中间开度21 mm时活动导叶转轮区域及尾水管内压力脉动主频较其余两开度高而幅值有所降低;尾水管中压力脉动主频具有传递性且幅值随流动方向增大.     

螺旋桨尾流-自由叶轮耦合作用的数值模拟

为了探讨螺旋桨尾流与自由叶轮的耦合作用,使用SST(剪应力输运)湍流模型对螺旋桨-自由叶轮流场进行数值模拟.使用切割体网格划分方式对流场域进行网格划分,使用滑移网格方法实现螺旋桨和自由叶轮的运动.分析了自由叶轮对螺旋桨尾涡的切割作用,对自由叶轮桨叶上受到的脉动压力和应力分布进行分析.数值模拟的结果表明:自由叶轮桨叶表面上的压力具有明显的周期性,这一周期性和螺旋桨推力脉动的周期性相一致;在近导边处,叶背上脉动压力的幅值大于叶面上,而在其他位置,叶面上的脉动压力幅值大于叶背上,叶背上的脉动压力的幅值由导边向随边减少;在不考虑重力的情况下,自由叶轮上的应力分布与自由叶轮表面压力分布一致,而在考虑重力的情况下,应力分布发生改变且应力值增大.     

轴流泵空化流及其诱导压力脉动的数值模拟

基于改进的空化模型和SSTk-ω湍流模型,对轴流泵的流量-扬程曲线、空化特性及其诱导非定常空化压力脉动进行了数值模拟和分析.数值模拟结果表明:设计工况下的扬程、效率和必需空化余量预测误差分别为3.41%,4.10%和6.32%,获得了较高的预测精度;轴流泵叶轮空泡主要分布在叶片背面进口10%~30%区域,从轮缘到轮毂叶片空化区域逐渐减小;轴流泵叶轮出口在空化条件下的压力脉动的主频仍为叶频,谐频为叶频的倍数.叶轮出口受到叶轮外缘严重空化流的影响,在临界空化余量工况下,靠近轮缘处的空化压力脉动幅值是轮毂侧4倍左右;在导叶出口处两者差异逐渐减小,轮缘处的幅值比轮毂处仅大40%左右.随着空化余量不断降低,叶轮内空化趋于严重时,空泡发生区的压力脉动幅值显著增大;但在叶轮进口处,由于空化流向叶轮下游发展,叶轮上游流场受到空化的影响较小,在不同空化余量下压力脉动幅值变化较小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.