高低轨频率共存卫星通信系统鲁棒波束成形算法研究

针对静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit, GEO)卫星系统和低轨道(Low Earth Orbit, LEO)卫星系统频率共享时存在的干扰问题,本文基于低轨分布式卫星编队提出了一种鲁棒自适应波束成形算法,从空间域功率隔离角度解决了高低轨卫星通信系统上行链路共用频谱时GEO用户对于LEO卫星共线干扰问题。算法中综合考虑卫星通信系统长传播时延导致的阵列导向矢量存在一定误差,在基于线性约束最小方差(LCMV)准则的自适应波束成形器中设计了考虑系统最恶劣误差情况的鲁棒性约束,并采用泰勒级数逼近法求解波束成形器加权矢量。仿真结果表明本文的鲁棒波束成形算法在卫星通信环境下适应度较高,能够有效地缓解高低轨卫星通信系统频率共享带来的同频干扰问题。      

我国卫星业务发展的现状

卫星通信是指利用人造地球卫星作为中继站转发或反射无线电信号,在两个或多个地球站之间进行的通信。卫星可分为静止轨道（GSO）卫星和非静止轨道（non-GSO）卫星。非静止轨道卫星又包括低轨道（LEO）、中轨道（MEO）和高椭圆轨道（HEO）卫星。     

一种MEO星座的覆盖性能及组网方案分析

地球静止轨道(geostationary earth orbit,GEO)卫星轨道位置资源稀缺已久,巨型低轨卫星星座的发展浪潮使得低轨轨道资源也变得空前紧张,中地球轨道(medium earth orbit,MEO)星座作为GEO和低地球轨道(low earth orbit,LEO)星座的折中,必将成为各国博弈的角逐场,参考世界各MEO星座和我国国情,提出了一种(6+4)MEO星座方案,并使用STK(Satellite Tool Kit)软件对星座覆盖性能、星际链路特性和信关站选址及覆盖性能进行了仿真分析,该方案通过地面站中继实现轨道间通信,有效规避了利用星际链路实现轨际通信时存在的各种问题,使系统得到简化、可靠性得到提高,在全球低轨卫星轨道资源紧张的形势下具有很强的战略价值。     

论高低轨道在我国未来卫星通信中的应用

在相同的假设条件下，首先计算了各种轨道类型（GEO、MEO、LEO）支持各类用户终端和业务速率的能力；其次。对比分析了三种轨道类型卫星的技术特点和发展趋势；然后，对发展我国未来卫星通信系统时使用各类轨道的优缺点进行了分析比较：最后，给出了我国应分别独立发展GEO和MEO、LEO卫星通信系统的结论。     

LEO/MEO通信系统ISL性能分析与设计

由低轨(LEO)和中轨(MEO)卫星构成的卫星通信系统可以充分利用LEO和MEO的各自轨道优势,具有较好的组网通信性能。在LEO与MEO卫星之间建立星间链路,使卫星之间存在直接的通信路径,可以提高网络的自治性,减少传输时延,降低对地面站的依赖。本文首先分析建立MEO星座与低轨LEO星座星间链路的可行性,然后通过STK软件仿真影响LEO/MEO星间链路特征参数的变化情况,进一步分析LEO/MEo星间链路预算。     

GEO与NGEO卫星频谱共存干扰抑制技术（二）

（2）GEO绕避应基于其与NGEO卫星之间的分离角。当地球上任意一点观察到GEO的弧线轨道与一个NGEO卫星系统角度间隔小于某一特定角度时,NGEO系统可以关闭其主波束,来使GEO完成其绕避策略。     

应用卫星知多少

<正>随着科技的不断发展,人造卫星已经成为现代社会中不可或缺的一部分,如可以通过卫星接收电视广播信号、接收导航定位信息、获取地球资源信息等。大多数情况下,卫星在发射后会被安置在地球周围的某个预定轨道上,因此,人们根据轨道高度(距离地球表面的距离)对卫星进行了分类:低地球轨道(LEO)卫星、中地球轨道(MEO)卫星、地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星、太阳同步轨道(SSO)卫星、地球静止转移轨道(GTO)卫星。目前,地球轨道上有成千上万颗卫星在运行,每颗卫星都有其独特的轨道和任务。但无论这些卫星的用途如何,它们都在帮助人们更深入地了解地球,连接世界各地的人们,缓解人为灾害和自然灾害带来的影响,并为人类开启新的技术可能性。     

多层卫星网络激光星间链路空间特性仿真

多层卫星网络结构由于其鲁棒性强,可实现无缝覆盖等特点而成为研究热点。针对 高轨/中轨/低轨(GEO/MEO/LEO)多层卫星网络结构,研究了各个节点间的激光链路,推导出 了 不同轨道间两个卫星位置关系的坐标转换公式。对同层间激光链路(OISL)、异层间激光链路 ( OIOL) 俯仰角、方位角以及距离参数和GEO对LEO覆盖特性进行了仿真。结果表明,卫 星光学终端俯仰指瞄范围完全可以满足目标星的移动要求,但水平指瞄范围和扫描速度是影 响星间激光链路性能的主要因素。     

基于遗传算法的非静止轨道卫星分集星座优化设计方法

本文介绍了利用遗传算法优化设计非静止轨道卫星星座的方法——卫星星座遗传算法。由该算法设计出的星座具有卫星数量最少、最小最大卫星高度、卫星间最小相移，最大的轨道面夹角，最优卫星分集轨道倾角和最佳LEO、MEO星座参数。MEO、LEO、ICO和Globalstar星座的仿真结果表明：使用卫星星座遗传算法设计二重卫星分集，不但减少了卫星总数，且卫星分集可见度性能显著提高。     

全球覆盖稳定拓扑LEO/MEO双层卫星激光网络设计

利用覆盖带法,设计了全球连续覆盖低轨道(LEO,lowearth orbit)/中轨道(MEO,mediumearth orbit)双层卫星光网络结构。LEO层是一个零相位因子walkerdelta星座,系统具准静态的Mesh逻辑结构。MEO层由赤道和极地轨道两个轨道组成,补充了LEO层对赤道地区覆盖的不足。覆盖性能结果表明,该网络上升轨道卫星对全球提供99.9%的平均覆盖,对我国提供100%的覆盖。链路性能仿真表明,双层卫星网络结构网络拓扑稳定,相邻节点仰角变化范围小,非常适合激光链路,与国外同类型星座相比所需卫星数少。     

In‐line interference mitigation techniques for spectral coexistence of GEO and NGEO satellites

The interest towards the deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO)/Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite systems in several frequency bands is increasing due to the requirement of low latency for real‐time systems and high demand of broadband data. When the number of usable Non‐Geostationary (NGEO) satellites, that is, LEO/MEO in space, increases, the frequency coexistence between the NGEO satellite systems with the already existing geostationary (GEO) satellite networks becomes a requisite. In this context, it is crucial to explore interference mitigation techniques between GEO and NGEO systems in order to allow their spectral coexistence. More specifically, in the coexistence scenario of GEO and NGEO satellite networks, in‐line interference may be a serious problem, especially in the equatorial region. In this paper, we provide several frequency sharing studies in the context of the coexistence of an NGEO satellite link with another NGEO/GEO satellite link. Furthermore, we carry out interference analysis between GEO and MEO satellite systems considering the case of the O3b satellite system and propose an adaptive power control technique for both the uplink and downlink scenarios in order to mitigate the in‐line interference. Moreover, we suggest several cognitive solutions for mitigating the in‐line interference and provide future research issues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于EPFD分析的高低轨卫星角度间隔研究

随着低轨(LEO)通信卫星业务需求的增加，低轨卫星需要使用Ka频段进行通信。本文针对低轨卫星采用Ka频段可能与在轨的高轨卫星发生同频干扰问题，采用基于链路分离角的空域分隔方法进行干扰规避的角度间隔分析。分别从不同干扰场景、地面站分布情况来分析对干扰角度间隔的影响，并在此基础上提出该角度间隔范围内，低轨卫星需采取的干扰规避措施。     

中低轨卫星跨层激光链路二次同步切换方法

中低轨卫星之间跨层激光链路的无缝切换直接决定了双层卫星光网络的稳定性.异步切换方法会导致网络拓扑频繁重构,而集中同步切换将造成两层间连接中断,网络运行状态失控.为此,本文提出了中低轨卫星星座激光链路的二次同步切换方法,在保证中低轨道卫星连通的基础上,可降低网络拓扑重构频率.研究了整数周期比的中轨道和低轨道卫星空间位置特性,建立了中低轨卫星星座构形二阶非球摄动模型,确定了中低轨道之间轨道周期比为3的双层卫星星座构形.按连接和切换顺序将该星座构形中跨层激光链路分为两组,以相对周期的1/4为基准,每次令其中一组同步切换,通过交替完成切换.研究结果表明,二次同步切换方法使得网络拓扑重构频率降低到链路切换频率的1/7,比集中切换方法在网络平均时延方面降低了30ms.     

国外卫星移动通信新进展与发展趋势

在地面移动通信迅猛发展的新形势下,提供相似业务的卫星移动通信的发展动态和趋势值得关注.首先介绍了国外卫星移动通信市场发展动态,然后分别介绍了静止轨道、中轨道和低轨道三类卫星移动通信系统的最新进展,其中静止轨道卫星移动通信发展最好,中低轨道卫星移动通信系统发展相对不景气;最后探讨了卫星移动通信的发展趋势,指出通过星地集成...     

Analysis of LEO, MEO, and GEO global mobile satellite systems inthe presence of interference and fading

Several multisatellite and multispot systems have been recently proposed for provision of mobile and personal services with global coverage, adopting GEO or non-GEO (i.e., MEO, LEO) satellite constellations. The paper addresses an in-depth analysis of these constellations, evaluating both geometrical performance measures and cochannel interference levels caused by extensive frequency reuse. The geometrical analysis yields the statistics for coverage, frequency of satellite hand-overs, and link absence periods. The interference analysis is based on a general model valid for all access techniques, which is here applied to the case of FDMA. The outage probability as a function of the specification on carrier-to-interference power ratio is evaluated for four selected constellations. Several techniques are introduced for interference reduction in non-GEO systems, in which the satellites coverage areas may intersect: spot turnoff, intraorbital plane frequency division, and interorbital plane frequency division. The effects of Rice fading have also been analyzed by means of an analytic approximated method. The overall analysis allows a fair comparison between LEO, MEO, and GEO constellations     

适合中国的卫星通信组网的星座方案

针对我国地域分布的实际情况及通信业务量各时段的差异,提出适合中国的卫星无线光通信系统星座方案,利用3颗中轨卫星和16颗低轨卫星组成的通信系统能够覆盖我国区域,满足通信要求。     

低轨大规模卫星星座系统建模与干扰分析

针对低轨(LEO)大规模卫星星座系统存在电磁空间复杂且难于观测的问题,对低轨卫星星座链路特征进行研究。以Starlink和OneWeb星座为研究对象,根据低轨卫星的星座参数,获取等效全向辐射功(EIRP)值并进行可视化处理;对获取到的低轨电磁卫星数据进行分析,获取数据的衰减特性和时间、频率等的数据关系,计算星间的链路干扰以及时间上的分布特征;获取相对干扰时间的特征值以及星间数据的衰减与时频的多维特性,并分析不同场景下的干扰时间特征,从多个维度分析低轨大规模卫星星座系统间星间链路的干扰情况并进行仿真验证。实验证明了低轨大规模卫星星座系统之间的星间链路存在干扰情况,且频率越高,干扰现象越明显。     

Theatre in the Sky: a ubiquitous broadband multimedia‐on‐demand service over a novel constellation composed of quasi‐geostationary satellites

To meet an ever‐growing demand for wideband multimedia services and electronic connectivity across the world, development of ubiquitous broadband multimedia systems is gaining a tremendous interest at both commercial and academic levels. Satellite networks will play an indispensable role in the deployment of such systems. A significant number of satellite communication constellations have been thus proposed using Geostationary (GEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), or Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. These constellations, however, either require a potential number of satellites or are unable to provide data transmission with high elevation angles. This paper proposes a new satellite constellation composed of Quasi‐GeoStationary Orbit (Quasi‐GSO) satellites. The main advantage of the constellation is in its ability to provide global coverage with a significantly small number of satellites while, at the same time, maintaining high elevation angles. Based on a combination of this Quasi‐GSO satellites constellation and terrestrial networks, the paper proposes also an architecture for building a global, large‐scale, and efficient Video‐on‐Demand (VoD) system. The entire architecture is referred to as a ‘Theatre in the Sky’. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance evaluation of an optimized intersegment handover procedure for hybrid constellation satellite systems

Satellite system architectures based on geostationary or Low Earth Orbit (LEO)/Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) constellation suffer from their intrinsic limitations in terms of coverage or flexibility. Traffic requirements concerning broadband services are expected to be very uneven both in time and space. To match this requirement and to improve coverage an innovative satellite system architecture, composed of a LEO/MEO segment to complement a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) segment, has been proposed. In this scenario, to achieve interworking and to make it possible to hold the call while switching between the two segments, efficient intersegment handover (ISHO) procedures must be identified. The paper, after introducing the classical ISHO schemes, aims at defining and analysing an ISHO procedure developed to perform handover in case of hybrid constellations based on the use of both GEO and LEO/MEO orbits. Performance evaluation will be carried out for different system configurations utilizing a dynamic satellite constellation simulator in the time domain. The execution delay and its complementary cumulative distribution have been evaluated for different constellation geometry at different distances from the gateway. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Web traffic capacity of multi-beam GEO and MEO mobile satellite systems

An investigation into the downlink Web traffic capacity of W-CDMA land mobile satellite communication systems for Geostationary (GEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) constellations is presented. It is shown that the effect of power control errors on the Web traffic capacity severely degrades the performance of mobile satellite systems. It is also shown that the use of the proposed macrodiversity system is to mitigate the effect of power control errors, and consequently increases the Web traffic capacity of multi-beam GEO and MEO mobile satellite systems