纳米改性聚氨酯涂料在海洋大气及飞溅区的应用研究

介绍了纳米氧化锌浆和纳米改性聚氨酯涂料的制备。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、交流阻抗(EIS)技术、光泽度仪和表面接触角测量仪等分析研究海洋大气和飞溅区环境中纳米改性聚氨酯涂料的耐腐蚀性和抗老化性,探讨了纳米氧化锌浆对聚氨酯涂料性能的改进作用。试验结果表明适量纳米浆提高了聚氨酯涂料的综合使用性能。     

改性纳米氧化锌对丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层防腐性能的影响

为了改善纳米ZnO在涂料中的分散性,以钛酸酯偶联剂对其进行改性。研究了丙烯酸聚氨酯清漆、含未改性纳米氧化锌的丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层和添加钛酸酯偶联剂改性后的纳米氧化锌的丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的防腐蚀性能。结果表明,经过钛酸酯偶联剂改性的纳米ZnO其团聚现象明显消失,与涂料表现出良好的相容性,所得的复合涂层的抗渗透能力明显比清漆和含未改性纳米ZnO复合涂层强。改性纳米ZnO显著提高了丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料的防腐性能。     

纳米改性涂料的研究进展

综述了纳米改性涂料的制备方法,分别介绍了使用纳米粒子改性的光催化、耐老化、隐身、特殊界面以及高强度等新型涂料的制备原理与应用,着重介绍了纳米TiO2、SiO2、SnO2、ZnO等粒子的特性对涂料性能的影响。简述了纳米改性涂料目前存在的主要问题,并对纳米改性涂料的进一步研究方向提出了建议。     

纳米ZnO晶须改善钢结构防火涂料性能研究

以四角状纳米氧化锌晶须为添加剂来提高钢结构防火涂料的各项性能。研究了偶联剂改性氧化锌晶须的过程,以及改性晶须对钢结构防火涂料的耐火极限、耐水性能、粘结强度的影响。通过扫描电镜观察了纳米氧化锌晶须在防火涂料中的分散状况。研究表明,用0.5%的KH560改性后的氧化锌晶须具有较好的分散性;与纯钢结构防火涂料相比,氧化锌晶须添加量为4%~5%的钢结构防火涂料的性能有较大的提高,其耐热极限由96℃提高到118℃,耐水极限由28 h提高到37 h,粘结强度由0.45 MPa提高到1.12 MPa。     

纳米SiO2在涂料中的应用研究

介绍了纳米SiO2在涂料改性中的应用实例和研究现状。讨论了纳米SiO2原位杂化改性涂料的耐磨性、防腐蚀性等性能。     

涂料体系中纳米粉体的表面改性及分散研究进展

介绍了纳米材料由于其特殊的结构层次使它具有与块状材料所不同的光、电、磁和力学性能,将无机的纳米粒子应用于涂料中能显著地提升涂料的功能性。综述了纳米涂料的表面改性、纳米粒子在涂料体系中的分散及纳米粒子改性及分散性的表征方法。     

纳米SiO2在涂料中的应用

利用高科技产品纳米ＳｉＯ２的特殊性能,对传统涂料进行改性,以改善涂料的触变性、抗老化性等。     

纳米氧化锌对水性丙烯酸涂料性能的影响

将纳米氧化锌分散到水性色浆中,然后与水性丙烯酸树脂混合制得水性涂料。研究了纳米氧化锌用量及粒径对水性丙烯酸涂料硬度、附着力、接触角、耐水性和耐冲击性的影响。性能测试结果表明:添加不同粒径纳米氧化锌后涂膜的综合性能均有所提高,纳米氧化锌的用量为1%时涂膜的综合性能较好。     

功能型水性聚氨酯涂料的设计与应用最新进展

水性聚氨酯由于分子中引入了亲水基团,使其在耐水性、耐溶剂性、耐候性、干燥速度等方面表现欠佳,需要不断对其进行改性研究,如有机硅氟改性、环氧改性、纳米复合等。综述了近几年水性聚氨酯涂料的功能化设计、合成技术与应用进展,主要包括具有阻燃、防腐蚀、防霉杀菌、防涂鸦、透明隔热等特殊性能的功能型水性聚氨酯涂料的设计方法及应用实例。并对功能型水性聚氨酯涂料的未来发展前景作了展望,指出了功能性水性聚氨酯涂料的功能化设计方向。     

纳米粉体在涂料中的应用(Ⅰ)

简述了纳米微粒的基本性质,初步探究了纳米粉体应用在涂料中对其性能的改善,介绍了几种特殊功能的纳米涂料,提出了纳米粉体在涂料应用中存在的一些问题,如纳米微粒的表面改性、添加量的影响、成本的降低等。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。