泛福舒联合丙酸倍氯米松雾化吸入应用于支气管急性哮喘发作期患儿的效果研究

目的:探讨泛福舒联合丙酸倍氯米松雾化吸入应用于支气管急性哮喘发作期患儿的效果.方法:选取2019年2月～2020年4月在某院接受治疗94例支气管急性哮喘发作期患儿为研究对象,通过随机抽签方式分为对照组和实验组各47例.对照组给予丙酸倍氯米松混悬液雾化吸入治疗,实验组在对照组的基础上给予泛福舒治疗,两组患儿均治疗21d....     

布地奈德雾化吸入治疗儿童哮喘急性发作疗效观察

目的:观察布地奈德治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的疗效.方法:随机将60名患儿分为两组,治疗组30例使用布地奈德雾化吸入,加沙丁胺醇,异丙托溴铵;对照组30例给予静脉点滴氢化考的松,雾化吸入沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵.观察用药前、用药后1h患儿体征(呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音)改善情况并进行比较.结果:治疗组1 h后症状及体征改善情况优于对照组.结论:对哮喘急性发作患儿,治疗组在改善症状和缩短病程方面优于对照组.     

儿童哮喘急性发作100例临床分析

目的 对我院儿童哮喘急性发作病例与肺炎衣原体(CP)感染的关系进行临床分析.方法 通过固相酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)实验,测定100例儿童哮喘急性发作病例血清特异性CP-IgM及CP-IgG抗体,同时观察儿童哮喘急性发作病例的临床控制情况,从而对儿童哮喘急性发作与肺炎衣原体感染的关系进行回顾性分析.结果 100例儿童哮喘急性发作病例中,检测出CP-IgM阳性17例,阳性率17.0%,CP-IgG阳性26例,阳性率26.0%.而CP感染的26例哮喘患者中有12例(46.2%)单纯给以吸人激素治疗后哮喘控制良好;另外14例(53.8%)给予阿奇霉素静滴然后口服阿奇霉素序贯治疗或给予红霉素足疗程治疗,同时配合规范吸入激素治疗,哮喘急性发作获得完全控制.结论 儿童肺炎衣原体感染与哮喘急性发作有关,在哮喘患者中进行肺炎衣原体特异性抗体的检测是非常重要的.配合大环内酯类药物治疗及规范吸入激素治疗,可尽早达到哮喘的完全控制.     

沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘急性发作临床分析

目的 分析沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘急性发作的临床治疗效果.方法 选取2009年8月至2011年7月收治的气管哮喘急性发作的患儿89例,随机分为2组,观察组45例,对照组44例.2组患儿均给予相同的抗感染、止咳化痰治疗.观察组在此基础上给予沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗.连续治疗14 d,观察治疗前后2组患儿治疗效果、治疗期间哮喘症状评分及血清IgE水平.结果 观察组的治疗效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗期间哮喘症状评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘急性发作效果显著.     

82例小儿支气管哮喘急性发作的诱因及用药分析

目的 针对小儿支气管哮喘疾病,研究该类疾病的急性发作诱因以及临床用药.方法 随机选取我院小儿支气管哮喘患儿82例,全部患儿急性发作期经变应原皮肤试验、X线、血清IgE等检查分析患儿支气管哮喘急性发作诱因,立即去除诱因实施解痉、抗炎药物治疗.结果 82例患儿诱发因素检查为吸入性过敏39例,呼吸道感染23例,食物过敏11例,气候因素5例,运动诱发4例;喘乐宁雾化吸入对患儿支气管哮喘急性发作具有明显缓解作用,总有效率达97.6％.结论 小儿支气管哮喘急性发作常见诱因有螨虫、花粉等吸入性过敏,呼吸道感染（尤其多见于支原体感染）,食物（如鱼、虾）过敏以及气候骤变和运动等诱发因素;糖皮质激素、支气管扩张剂以及抗炎药物为临床主要用药,雾化吸入为最佳给药途径.     

儿童支气管哮喘急性发作治疗方法的临床对比研究

目的:研究布地奈得混悬液联合沙丁胺醇(万托林)雾化溶液联合吸入与静脉使用激素,氨茶碱控制儿童哮喘的效果。方法:将100例确诊为儿童支气管哮喘急性发作的患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,两组均给予常规治疗,治疗组吸入布地奈德、万托林雾化液治疗,对照组给于激素.氨茶碱静脉治疗。结果:治疗组在喘憋、哮喘鸣音、湿罗音及咳嗽的消失时间和临床控制率上与对照组比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05),治疗期间治疗组未见明显不良反应。结论:布地奈德联合万托林雾化吸入治疗儿童支气管哮喘急性发作疗效确切、安全,是值得推广应用的临床方法。     

超声雾化吸入药物治疗小儿支气管哮喘急性发作的疗效及护理

目的 探讨超声雾化吸入沙丁胺醇溶液联合普米克令舒治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的疗效.方法 选择本院2009年10月～2010年2月儿科收治的支气管哮喘患儿40例(观察组),在常规治疗的基础上给予沙丁胺醇联合普米克令舒超声雾化吸入,选择我院同期收治的40例支气管哮喘急性发作,行常规对症支持治疗的患儿资料作为对照,比较两组治疗效果...     

α-细辛醚联合硫酸镁氧驱动雾化治疗婴儿毛细支气管炎62例

<正>为探讨婴儿毛细支气管炎的雾化治疗方法,快速而有效地控制患儿喘憋症状,降低药物的副作用。我院儿科从2006年3月至2007年5月对毛细支气管炎患儿哮喘急性发作在常规给予抗病毒药物、抗支原体药物及激素类药物、氨茶碱等基础上,给予α-细辛醚与硫酸镁联合氧驱动雾化吸入治疗。既缩短了病程,又避免了全身用药的副作用,取得了良好疗效,现报告如下。     

普米克令舒雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉炎疗效观察及护理

目的:观察普米克令舒雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉炎的疗效及护理.方法:将42例患儿依数字随机法分为两组,治疗组21例,给予雾化吸入普米克令舒,对照组21例,给予地塞米松静脉滴注,观察用药后症状体征改善情况并采取相应的护理措施.结果:治疗组经治疗及相应的护理措施后显效率及住院时间等各项指标均优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:急性喉炎患儿在抗感染等常规治疗的同时,加入普米克令舒雾化吸入治疗,可以替代地塞米松静注治疗,从而可以减少由于全身使用激素产生的副作用,同时给予正确的护理指导,可减少吸入药液的丢失,提高吸入效果和降低副作用的发生.     

氧驱动雾化吸入控制婴幼儿哮喘急性发作临床观察

目的:评价氧驱动雾化吸入控制婴幼儿哮喘急性发作的临床效果及安全性。方法:将临床确诊的婴幼儿哮喘急性发作180例分治疗组(80例),对照组(100例)。治疗组Ⅰ40例用常规治疗方法(抗病毒加化痰)加雾化吸入1号,治疗组Ⅱ40例用常规治疗方法(抗病毒加化痰)加雾化吸入2号;对照组100例用常规治疗方法 静脉滴注糖皮质激素。观察用药后30分钟喘息改善、SpO2值、并观察其安全性。结果:治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,治疗组Ⅱ优于治疗组Ⅰ。结论:控制婴幼儿哮喘急性发作,氧驱动雾化吸入较静脉用药有明显优越性,对哮喘急性发作患儿,治疗组Ⅱ能明显改善病情、缩短疗程。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.