一株乳酸菌产类细胞素EnteriocinLK—S1的初步研究

从鸡肠道分离的59株乳酸菌中，筛选出一株产类细菌素的乳酸菌，编号为SE－81，初步鉴定为肠球菌属（Enterococus)，在排除有机酸和过氧化氢的干扰作用，SE－81菌株对溶壁微球菌（Micrococcus lysodeikticus)，金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus)和枯草杆菌（Bacillus subtilis)等革兰氏阳性菌和大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli)及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（Salmonella typhimurium)等革兰氏阴性菌有强烈的抑制作用，用胰蛋白酶处理发酵上清液后，抑菌活性丧失，因此初步认为该菌株产生一类具有广谱抑菌活性的类细菌素物质，命名为EnteriocinLK-S1，它具有较广的抗菌谱，作用PH在4．0－6．0，有很好的热稳定性。     

产类细菌素的乳酸菌的筛选及其抑菌特性研究

从青藏高原传统牦牛酸奶中筛选出一株乳酸菌,排除酸和过氧化氢的干扰后,对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureu)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)有明显的抑制作用.经形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列同源性分析等手段鉴定该菌株为乳明串珠菌(Leuconostoc lactis).用蛋白酶处理该菌株的发酵上清液后, 抑菌活性丧失; 发酵上清液具有较好的热稳定性(经121 ℃处理20 min仍有较强抑菌活性)和pH稳定性 (在pH 3.0～10.0之间保持活性), 因此初步认为该菌株产生的抑菌物质属于类细菌素.研究发现该菌株在培养8 h后出现抑菌活性,在20 h时抑菌活性达到最大并一直到发酵结束.     

产广谱细菌素乳酸菌的筛选

利用牛津杯双层平板法从70株乳酸菌中筛选得到2株具有较高抑菌活性的乳酸菌LAB30、LAB211。研究这2株乳酸菌的抑菌物质发现：排除酸性产物乳酸、乙酸以及过氧化氢的干扰,LAB211和LAB30仍具有较高的抑菌活性;对其发酵液进行蛋白酶处理,LAB30的发酵液经胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K处理后抑菌活性均有降低;而LAB211的发酵液经蛋白酶K处理后有所降低,胰蛋白酶处理没有变化,因此可以判定这两株乳酸菌产生的抑菌物质为细菌素。利用特异性引物PCR分析可知,LAB211和LAB30产生的细菌素并非nisin。抑菌谱实验表明,LAB30和LAB211的发酵液不仅抑制革兰氏阳性菌,而且对部分革兰氏阴性菌也有抑制作用。因此LAB211和LAB30产生的是一类广谱细菌素。     

一株具有广谱抑菌活性的兵马俑芽孢杆菌HS-15的筛选及其抑菌活性研究

采用高浓度土壤菌悬液涂平板法筛选出45株具有抑菌活性的菌株;以其中一株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株为研究对象,通过细胞形态特征、生理生化实验及16S rDNA序列分析等方法,将其鉴定为兵马俑芽孢杆菌,并命名为Bacillus bingmayongensis HS-15;分别用点植法和平板对峙法检测HS-15对细菌和真菌的抑菌活性,结果发现,该菌株对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和真菌都有较强的抑制作用,是一株广谱微生物拮抗菌;发酵条件优化结果表明,28 ℃发酵20 h时,发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强;经透析袋处理,抑菌活性没有变化,而胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K处理后,抑菌活性丧失,初步推测抑菌物质为蛋白质类.本研究丰富了产抑菌活性物质微生物菌种资源库,为天然防腐剂的开发提供理论基础.     

酸菜中具有抑菌活性乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其产细菌素特性

目前已有研究陆续从不同的乳酸菌中分离到细菌素,但是这些细菌素存在着抑菌谱窄的问题,寻找广谱抗菌性能的新一代细菌素具有重要的理论价值和应用前景。以市售保质期较长的8种不同品牌的酸菜为材料,将青霉菌作为指示菌,通过抑菌实验筛选出一株能产生抑菌物质的菌株L3,经过生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA测序分析确定该菌株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),故命名为植物乳杆菌L₃,NCBI序列号为MT781360。该菌株在MRS培养基中于37℃培养18~24h时产细菌素L3的抑菌活性最强。将该培养上清液采用乙酸乙酯萃取,葡聚糖凝胶柱Sephadex G-50过滤分离纯化,再经Trinice-SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,细菌素L3的分子质量约为4~5kDa。细菌素L3对蛋白酶敏感,但其活性不受过氧化氢酶的影响,初步结果显示细菌素L3为蛋白质类物质。细菌素L3在60~100℃ 处理20min或121℃处理15min仍具有较高的抑菌活性,pH值2~10范围内有良好的稳定性;对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌以及部分真菌具有抑菌活性。植物乳杆菌L₃分泌的细菌素L3除了具备现有细菌素的稳定性和对革兰氏阳性细菌的杀菌能力以外,还能对革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌起到抑菌效果,这对于易被真菌污染导致腐败的果蔬类产品及乳制品的保藏具有重要意义,希望研究可为具有广谱抗菌性能的天然防腐剂的生产提供新的菌种。     

牦牛源产细菌素的乳酸菌的筛选鉴定

为筛选优良的产细菌素乳酸菌,用含0.5%碳酸钙的MRS固体培养基从19份牦牛粪便样本中分离出91株乳酸菌,进一步采用牛津杯法筛选产细菌素的乳酸菌,并结合16S rRNA序列扩增测序鉴定该批乳酸菌.结果表明:在排除有机酸、过氧化氢等抑菌因素后,从91株乳酸菌中筛选到9株对大肠杆菌ATCC25922和金葡球菌ATCC25923有明显抑制作用的乳酸菌菌株,该9株菌株对蛋白酶敏感,初步认定为产细菌素乳酸菌;经16S rRNA序列扩增测序鉴定该9株菌分别为海氏肠球菌,屎肠球菌,蒙氏肠球菌株和植物乳杆菌,其对常见抗生素不耐药,可作为益生菌的候选菌株.     

一株产细菌素物质芽孢杆菌的筛选和鉴定

从石油污染的土壤中筛选出一株能产生细菌素类物质的芽孢杆菌,命名为SLY—3。该菌株分泌的活性物质抑菌活性好,对细菌主要是革兰氏阳性菌、霉菌都有抑制作用。从表型、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列比对方面进行分析,最终确定菌株SLY—3为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。培养基初始pH为7.0,28℃振荡培养24 h后,发酵产物抑菌活性最高。     

干酪乳杆菌IMAU10041抗甜瓜枯萎病菌的作用及理化性质

从60株乳酸菌中筛选出22株具有抗甜瓜枯萎病菌活性的乳酸菌菌株,其中9株具有较强抗甜瓜枯萎病菌活性.对这9株乳酸菌的抗植物致病真菌谱进行研究发现,9株菌对番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)、甜瓜疫霉菌(Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker)、苹果炭疽病菌(Glomerella cingulate)、灰葡萄孢霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)的生长均有抑制作用.其中干酪乳杆菌IMAU10041对甜瓜枯萎病菌具有较强的抑制作用,并且对甜瓜疫霉和番茄早疫病菌有较高的抑菌活性.分别经过调节pH、加热、蛋白酶处理干酪乳杆菌IMAU10041的发酵滤液后,发现干酪乳杆菌IMAU10041发酵液具有一定的热稳定性;在pH 4.0时具有最大抑菌活性,在碱性条件下抑菌活性迅速失活;发酵液经胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白、蛋白酶K处理后失去部分抑菌活性,这表明干酪乳杆菌IMAU10041发酵液中可能含有一定的蛋白类抑菌物质.     

具抑菌活性海星内生细菌的筛选及初步研究

从海星的胃、幽门盲囊和生殖腺内共分离到16株菌株.抑菌实验表明,获得的内生细菌中44%的菌株可拮抗至少一株指示菌,各菌株对不同指示菌的拮抗效果差异较大.其中抑菌能力较强的W2#菌株抑菌谱较广,且对大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)拮抗作用明显,具有较大研究价值,该菌株分布于海星胃及、幽门盲囊中,但在生殖腺内没有发现.经初步鉴定,W2#拮抗菌株为黄色杆菌属(Xanthobacter Wiegel et al.,1978)细菌,实验表明W2#细菌在30℃、pH 8.0环境下生长较好,在25℃条件下发酵液抑菌活性最高.     

一株橙色黏球菌的筛选及初步鉴定

从土样中通过菌体诱导和纤维素诱导法来富集和选择性分离黏细菌,将初筛菌株进行抗菌谱测定,挑选抑菌活性强的一株(编号为hg59)进行系统分类鉴定.结果表明:该菌株革兰氏染色阴性,营养细胞呈杆状,两头稍尖,大小(5～8)μm×(0.3～0.6)μm,黏孢子为卵圆形或椭圆形,菌落生长初期为淡黄色,渐变成橙黄色,薄而向边缘扩展,有滑动痕迹,对G+,G-菌均具有抑菌活性,其中对枯草芽孢杆菌和醋酸杆菌抑菌效果明显,对米曲霉则较差.经形态观察、生理生化测定和16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为橙色黏球菌(Myxococcus fulvus strain).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.