棉/大麻纤维混纺低损耗工艺优化

为降低基于棉纺系统的棉/大麻混纺纱在纺纱过程中造成的大麻损耗,在对棉纺前纺系统进行设备改造的基础上,设计了预处理棉与大麻普梳混纺、预处理棉与预处理大麻普梳混纺、预处理棉与大麻精梳混纺3套方案,通过其与原棉纺系统纺制的棉/大麻混纺纱的损耗与品质对比,确定了减少损耗,提高制成率的优化工艺方案：预处理棉与大麻精梳混纺方案,即原棉经过预处理后与大麻纤维混合,经过进行机器改造后的开清棉、梳棉、精梳设备,最终纺制成细纱。该工艺在原有工艺的基础上损耗降低16.7%,纱线条干略有下降但在可以接受的范围之内,纱线强度没有明显差别,制成率由原来的65%提高到了81.7%,降低了大麻产品的成本。     

DREF-3纱线的线密度范围和性质

研究了用DREF-3摩擦纺设备加工粘胶和棉纤维时的纱线线密度范围以及随着线密度的变化带来的纱线性质的变化.对于粘胶和棉纤维来说,线密度范围分别为328～25 tex和328～16 tex.发现粘胶纱线的强度开始是增加的,然后随纱线变细而强度下降.然而对于棉纱来说,几乎在整个纱线线密度范围内其强度基本不变.随着纱线变细,所需的纱线捻度也不断增加.同时对这两种纱线来说,当纱线较粗时其断裂伸长都非常高.在整个纱线线密度范围内,两种纱线的捻度和直径都非常接近.     

全聚纺涤棉混纺纱内纤维的径向分布

为研究全聚纺混纺纱中纤维的径向分布情况,采用环锭纺、网格圈型集聚纺和全聚纺3种方法纺制28.1tex涤棉混纺纱线,运用哈氏切片器切取三种混纺纱线样本,借助MOTTC B1型显微镜观察并采集样本中两种纤维的分布状况图,结合汉密尔顿（Hamilton）指数的方法分析,得到全聚纺混纺纱内涤纶纤维和棉纤维在纱截面内的内外转移趋势及分布规律。结果指出：利用传统环锭纺纺制的涤棉混纺纱,涤纶纤维有明显向纱芯转移的趋势,而网格圈型集聚纺,涤纶纤维向纱芯转移的趋势较传统环锭纺弱,全聚纺相对于网格圈型集聚纺而言,涤纶纤维分布更加随机,并且涤纶纤维有向纱外转移的趋势。     

仪纶~(TM)纬平针织物的抗起毛起球性能

本文分别选用环锭纺、赛络纺、赛络紧密纺纺纱工艺,制备了同等纱支的仪纶~(TM)纯纺、仪纶~(TM)/棉(65/35)混纺针织纱线及其纬平针织物,对比测试了纱线性能及其织物抗起毛起球性能。实验结果显示:不同纺纱工艺的仪纶~(TM)针织纱线总体性能相似,赛络紧密纺纱线纱体结构更均匀;赛络纺织物的抗起毛起球性较环锭纺织物高0.5级,赛络紧密纺织物的抗起毛起球性明显好于环锭纺织物;混纺织物的抗起毛起球等级和起球粒数均有所改善。     

Investigation of the thermal comfort properties of knitted fabric produced from Estabragh (Milkweed)/cotton-blended yarns

In this research, the thermal comfort properties of a newly known fiber called Estabragh (Milkweed) have been investigated. Estabragh is a natural hollow fiber which is expected to provide excellent insulation properties due to their individual characteristics. Thermal comfort is one of the important fabric properties especially in the area of sport application which is considered in this research. For investigating this, 50–50% Estabragh/cotton-blended spun yarns was produced using short-staple spinning system. Two different sets of interlock-knitted samples using 100% cotton and Estabragh/cotton-blended yarns were produced individually on a flat knitting machine. Heat transfer rate, water vapor transmission, air permeability, and capillary absorption of produced fabrics were measured and compared. The results revealed that the vapor transmission rate through the knitted samples produced from Estabragh/cotton-blended yarns was 66.4% which is higher than that of the 100% cotton samples as 60.22%. It was also found that 100% cotton samples exhibited less moisture transfer rate than cotton/Estabragh samples. As far as heat transfer is concerned, it was concluded that the heat transfer ability of 100% cotton samples is higher than that of the Estabragh/cotton samples by about 47%. It was also shown that the capillary absorption of samples produced from Estabragh/cotton-blended yarns was higher than that of the 100% cotton samples. Compared to the 100% cotton samples, air permeability of Estabragh/cotton-knitted structures was found to be relatively low. The results totally proved that Estabragh fibers have a lot of advantages in order to be used in different fields of applications especially in sport areas.     

环锭旋流喷嘴纺麻混纺纱的性能

为改善麻纤维因自身性能缺陷与传统纺织工艺局限性所导致的成纱毛羽问题,将旋流喷嘴纺纱技术应用于精细化亚麻/长绒棉/天丝和大麻/棉/粘胶2种混纺纱的纺制,选择适当的细纱工艺参数并测试成纱后的主要性能指标。结果表明:当旋流喷嘴中通入的气流压强为0.1 MPa时,亚麻混纺纱的有害毛羽数量相对于传统环锭细纱降低了89.9%,压强为0.05 MPa时,大麻混纺纱的有害毛羽数量降低了99%;显微镜下2种混纺纱线的纱体结构紧密,纤维排列整齐,纱线表面光洁,大麻混纺纱中的黑色粘胶长丝均匀包裹在纱体表面,使得纱线色泽更为均匀;纱线断裂强力与条干不匀率稍有降低,但变化不明显。     

低扭矩环锭纺纱原理及其单纱的结构和性能

本文主要回顾了低扭矩环锭纺纱技术的发展。通过讨论其纺纱三角区的特点,利用高速摄影技术对纺纱区捻度和张力分布的观察分析,系统地介绍了低扭矩纱的成纱原理。此外,结合示踪纤维技术,利用纱线结构连续测量分析系统对低扭矩环锭单纱和传统环锭单纱的内部结构进行分析,揭示了低扭矩纱独特的结构特点,如非同轴异形螺旋线结构,纤维片段局部反转现象等。这些特点解释了低扭矩纱及其织物具有优良物理性能的原因。同时,通过多个生产厂家提供的测试数据,对比分析了几代低扭矩环锭纱与传统环锭纱及其织物的物理性能,结果表明低扭矩环锭纱具有低捻高强、低残余扭矩和毛羽少等特点,其针织物经多次水洗后歪斜变形小和手感好,机织物具有较好的撕裂强力,断裂强力和耐磨擦性。最新一代低扭矩环锭纺纱技术显著地改善了高支纯棉纱的物理性能。     

The Specific Heat of Hygroscopic Textiles

A comparison between the qualities of open-end- and ring-spun yarns produced from Egyptian cottons is reported. Yarns of different counts and twist factors were produced on both the BD 200 open-end-spinning machine and a conventional ring-spinning machine, and their quality was studied by determining their strength, uniformity, and number of imperfections. The quality of open-end-spun yarn relative to that of ring-spun yarn is expressed in terms of the relative quality factor.

It is shown that the percentage reduction in strength of open-end-spun yarns compared with that of ring-spun yarns can be minimized by spinning them to coarser counts from shorter cottons. This is attributed to the different interactions between the fibre properties and the mechanism of yarn formation when different types of cotton are used.

It is also shown that the relative quality of open-end-spun yarns can be considerably increased by spinning them to coarser counts from Ashmouni cotton. The quality of open-end-spun yarn can exceed that of ring-spun yarn when Ashmouni cotton is spun to a linear density exceeding 30 tex.

It is concluded that the BD 200 open-end-spinning machine cannot be recommended for spinning fine yarns from long-staple Egyptian cottons.     

The effect of core-sheath proportion on the characteristics of fabrics produced with hollow yarns: part II comfort and mechanical properties

The study aims to investigate the effect of hollow yarn structure and the sheath-core proportion of hollow yarns on the permeability properties of the knitted fabrics. In order to accomplish this, core yarns in the yarn count of 59 tex were produced by using cotton, viscose, wool, and polyester fibers in the sheath and different ratios of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the core. After completion of yarn production on ring spinning frame, the yarns in the form of packages were used to produce plain knitted fabrics. Fabrics were then divided into two groups, one of which was washed during a time period in order to remove PVA from the core to obtain hollow yarn structure. Air and water permeability, and wicking properties of the knitted fabrics were measured before and after washing processes. Mechanical properties such as pilling and bursting strength of the fabrics were also examined. The results show that washing process and PVA proportion used to produce core spun yarns have a significant effect on the permeability and mechanical properties of the fabrics.     

压力棒隔距块在棉纺中的应用

为了探讨在棉纺生产中压力棒隔距块对成纱质量的影响,分析了压力棒隔距块的原理,并在FA506型环锭细纱机上加装不同型号的压力棒隔距块分别纺制出CJ9.7 tex、CJ7.3 tex纱线,测试纱线的毛羽、强力、条干等各项指标并进行对比分析。结果表明,在棉纺中使用压力棒隔距块后,成纱条干有所改善,成纱强力变化不大,成纱毛羽的变化也不明显。     

缆型包芯纱的成纱机理和性能分析

为了研究缆型包芯纱的成纱特点和性能,对普通环锭细纱机进行改造,加装一套芯纱的喂入装置和须条分割辊.然后,在改进的细纱机上纺制了3种不同细度和3种不同捻系数的缆型包芯纱,芯纱为涤纶长丝,外包棉纤维;同时在相同的纺纱工艺条件下,纺制相同细度和捻系数的普通包芯纱.测试缆型包芯纱和普通包芯纱的纱线强力、毛羽和条干均匀度.结果表明:缆型包芯纱在毛羽指标上有明显优势,3 mm以上的毛羽数量仅占到普通包芯纱的30%～46%,而断裂强力和条干均匀度均稍低于普通包芯纱.     

弹性纤维在转杯纺中的应用

在经过改进的转杯纺纱机上引入弹性纤维以生产不同类型的弹性转杯纱.分析了转杯速度、牵伸倍数、捻系数对弹性转杯纱性能的影响,并通过正交试验对工艺参数进行了优化.这三个参数对弹性转杯纱的性能都有较大的影响,其中牵伸倍数的影响最大.弹性纤维在转杯纱中与棉纤维纱条捻合成纱.与常规转杯纱相比,弹性转杯纱的表面更加规则和光洁,主要性能也得到了改善.     

棉毛甲壳素纤维混纺纱的开发

介绍了三种棉毛甲壳素纤维混纺纱的生产工艺流程。经对比分析后认为纺棉毛甲壳素纤维混纺纱应首先将棉纤维开松、除杂、梳理、制成生条后再撕断，然后与毛、甲壳素纤维进行混和。实践证明，这种工艺流程虽长，但可纺性好，可操作性强，成纱质量稳定，落棉可以回用，可降低生产成本。     

紧密赛络纺纱技术在棉纺中的应用探讨

介绍了紧密赛络纺技术的原理及其特点.将自行研制的具有不同吸风双槽的紧密赛络纺集聚装置应用于国产棉纺细纱机,分别纺制相同线密度的棉纱,并与相同工艺条件下的紧密纺和赛络纺纱线进行纱线结构与性能的比较分析.最后,用模糊数学的方法对结构不同的吸风双槽进行综合性能评判.     

不锈钢纤维/棉复合纱的开发及其性能

为更好地开发和利用功能性纱线和面料,以不锈钢短纤维、不锈钢长丝以及棉纤维为原料,采用一种长丝/短纤维复合结构纱线的纺纱工艺开发出不同金属纤维含量的新型复合结构纱线。对复合结构纱线的结构,毛羽,拉伸性能以及导电性能进行测试分析。同时测试了利用该种复合结构纱线开发出的电磁屏蔽面料的屏蔽性能。实验结果表明：利用此种复合结构纱线制作方法所开发出的纱线具有较优异的毛羽性能、力学性能和导电性能,并且不锈钢纤维含量对纱线性能有着较大的影响。利用该种复合结构纱线开发出的面料屏蔽率达到90%-99.9%,可用于日常生活用电磁防护装材料。     

摩擦纺包芯纱织物性能测试分析

对棉包涤纶长丝摩擦纱、棉包锦纶高弹丝摩擦纱、棉包锦纶全牵伸丝摩擦纱以及棉包粘胶长丝摩擦纱四种平纹织物的性能进行了试验研究 ,并将它们与纯棉环锭纱和纯棉摩擦纱的平纹织物的性能进行了比较分析。研究结果表明 ,棉包涤纶长丝摩擦纱织物和棉包锦纶高弹丝摩擦纱织物在服用、舒适等方面均优于环锭纱织物。这两种摩擦纺包芯纱织物作为服用织物具有良好的发展前景     

Effect of polyester and elastane linear density on the physical and mechanical properties of dual-core-spun cotton yarns

ABSTRACT

The use of single-core elastic spun cotton yarns is well established in textiles and denim industry but interest in the use of dual-core-spun yarns has started to grow only recently. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polyester and elastane linear density on the physical and mechanical properties of dual-core-spun cotton yarns. Yarn samples were prepared on industrial-scale spinning machines using cotton as the sheath fibers and two different linear densities of polyester and three different linear densities of elastane filaments in the core. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that yarn tenacity, elongation, uniformity, and hairiness are significantly affected by the linear densities of both the polyester and elastane filaments in the core, with statistically significant interaction between them. Yarn imperfections (IPI), however, are affected mainly by the polyester denier, while the elastane linear density did not show statistically significant effect on the IPI. Regression equations for different yarn properties were also developed which showed fairly high values of coefficient of determination (R-sq).     

A comparative study on properties of dual-core yarns

Core-spun yarns containing Spandex have been widely used for the production of elastic textile materials. However, it has been encountered various problems not only during the usage but also during textile processes due to its high recovery property. In order to solve these problems, multicomponent core-spun yarns called as dual-core (DC) yarns, have been developed. DC yarns can be produced on the modified ring spinning machine in two different ways. In the first method, previously combined two core yarns are fed simultaneously, whereas in the second method, two core yarns are given separately into the centre of sheath fibre bundle. In present study, it was aimed to research the effect of these production methods on yarn features. Polyester and Spandex core components and cotton wrapping fibres were brought together in both two ways and the properties of multicomponent core-spun yarns were compared with cotton ring counterparts for three different yarn counts.     

精细化黄麻/棉混纺纱的工艺探讨

利用精细化后的孟加拉黄麻纤维与棉纤维在环锭纺纱系统上进行18.2 tex 30/70黄麻/棉和36.4 tex 55/45黄麻/棉混纺纱的纺制,对梳理、并条、粗纱等工序的工艺做了初步探讨,对混纺细纱的捻系数进行了优化,并对两种混纺纱的机械强力、毛羽与条干等质量指标进行了测试.     

新型针织用环锭纱线

本文介绍了新型针织用棉纱的性能要求,分别就赛络纺纱,索罗纺纱,紧密纺纱,扭妥纱,少毛低扭纱等的纺纱特点、纱线性能和应用范围进行了分析和讨论。