太原地区妊娠期感染TORCH的母婴传播及围产儿结局

目的：探讨妊娠妇女ＴＯＲＣＨ感染的母婴间传播及其围产儿不良结局。方法：收集８８６例孕妇的静脉血及其新生儿脐血,用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测血清ＴＯＲＣＨ－ＩｇＭ抗体和ＨＢｓＡｇ及梅毒血清抗体。结果：孕妇血ＴＯＸ（弓形体）、ＲＶ（风疹病毒）、ＣＭＶ（巨细胞病毒）、ＨＳＶ－２（单纯疱疹病毒２型）ＩｇＭ抗体和ＨＢｓＡｇ,梅毒血清抗体的阳性率分别为０．２％、０．３％、１．７％、１．０％、０．７％、０．１％。２９例孕     

1997年青岛市急性出血性结膜炎病原学研究

目的了解１９９７年青岛市流行的急性出血性结膜炎（简称ＡＨＣ）的病毒病原。方法在ＡＨＣ流行时,有选择地采集部分ＡＨＣ病人眼拭子标本,通过多种细胞进行病毒分离,并对分离出的病毒进行中和试验鉴定。结果经用ＣＡ２４ｖ、ＥＶ７０、ＣＡ２４和ＣＡ２４ｖ北京地方株病毒抗血清和Ａｄ３、Ａｄ７、Ａｄ１１病毒抗血清中和试验鉴定,分离的毒株为ＣＡ２４ｖ和腺病毒。结论１９９７年青岛市发生的ＡＨＣ多数是由腺病毒引起的,少数为柯萨奇病毒Ａ２４ｖ引起。     

831名健康青年庚型肝炎病毒和人免疫缺陷病毒感染的调查

目的了解我国健康青年中庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）和人免疫缺陷病毒的感染情况。方法采用酶联免疫法（ＥＩＡ）检测６省８３１名健康青年血清中的ＨＧＶ和ＨＩＶ抗体，对抗－ＨＧＶＩｇＧ阳性的血清再用逆转录－巢式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测ＨＧＶＲＮＡ。结果发现抗－ＨＣＶＩｇＧ阳性率为２５３％（２１／８３１），２１例阳性者中ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性８例，两者符合率为３８１％；抗－ＨＩＶ均阴性。结论我国健康青年人群中确实存在ＨＧＶ感染。     

用聚合酶链反应和放射免疫法检测肾移植术后人巨细胞病毒感染

将５０例肾移植术后发热病人的尿标本接种细胞，用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测第１代细胞培养上清中的人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）ＤＮＡ。结果１９例为ＨＣＭＶＤＮＡ阳性，阳性率为３８．００％，用固相放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）检测ＨＣＭＶ抗原，阳性的有１５例，阳性率为２７．７７％。将５４倒尿标本接种人胎肺二倍体单层细胞，分离到６株ＨＣＭＶ。用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测６５例病人单份血清的ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ抗体，阳性的有１７例，检测４５例病人双份血清ＩｇＧ抗体，１１例的第２份血清的ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＧ抗体滴度比第１份有４倍以上升高。上述结果表明，ＰＣＲ检测结果与ＲＩＡ的检测结果基本符合；病人血清抗体的阳性率与ＰＣＲ检测的阳性率基本符合。     

输血后丙型肝炎病毒非结构区抗体和丙氨酸转氨酶的动态分析

利用重组的丙型肝炎病毒非结构区（ＨＣＶＮＳ５）抗原建立了酶免疫试验（ＥＩＡ），对２５例输血后丙型肝炎进行了不同区抗体及丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）的动态研究，同时对１５６例慢性丙型肝炎患者血清进行ＨＣＶＲＮＡ和抗－ＮＳ５平行检测，两者符合率为６４．１％。抗－ＮＳ５抗体首次检出时间为３０～５７５天（１８２．９±１６８．５），晚于ＡＬＴ异常和其他区抗体的出现时间。在感染后１，３，６，１２和２４个月后抗－ＮＳ５的阳性率分别为２８％，４０％，５２％，６８％和７６％。抗－ＮＳ５的动态变化类型为四种：一过性阳性、间歇性阳性、持续性阳性和２年内持续阴性     

母婴血清中丙型炎病毒抗体的检测

本文应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测了１４７对母婴血清丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗－ＨＣＶ），产妇抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为４．７６％，新生儿抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为２．０３％，线婴抗－ＨＣＶ均阳性者２对，阳性率为１．３６％。     

吸毒人群丙型和乙型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行病学研究

目的　调查广州市吸毒人群丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ） 和乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ） 的感染状况。方法　在广州市两所戒毒所４８３ 名男性吸毒人员中，用酶标记免疫（ＥＬＩＳＡ） 法，调查ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染情况，并以正常人群作对照组观察。结果　广州市吸毒人群中，ＨＣＶ、ＨＢＶ的感染率及这两种病毒的混合感染率，分别为６７－４９％ 、９０－４８ ％ 、６２－７３％ ，明显高于正常人群对照组的３－７５％ 、５５－６３ ％ 、３－７５％ 。结论　静脉吸毒是ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染的主要危险因素。广州市吸毒人群当中，存在着极高的丙型肝炎病毒和乙型肝炎病毒感染率     

细胞内生成的抗整合酶单链抗体阻断HIV—1复制的实验研究

通通细胞内表达抗ＨＩＶ－１整合酶单链抗体（ＩＮ－ｓＦｖ）基因,阻断病毒基因组与缩主细胞基因组的整合,进而抑制病毒复制,探讨该基因载体在ＮＩＶ－１感染基因治疗中应用的意义。方法用带有ＩＮ－ｓＦｖ基因的逆转录病毒表达载体ｐＳＬＸＣＭＶ／ＩＮｓＦＶ转染ＰＡ３１７包装细胞,并用包装后含有目的基因的逆转录病毒转导ＳｕｐＴ１细胞及外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）。以ＨＩＶ－１ＮＬ４－３病毒株感染表达ＩＮ－ｓＦｖ的     

人巨细胞病毒感染对肾移植受者血清sIL－2R水平的影响

用ＰＣＲ检测ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ，ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ及ＩｇＧ，以诊断肾移植受者ＨＣＭＶ感染。用双抗体夹心法ＥＬＩＳＡ检测６５例肾移植受者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平，结果表明：ＨＣＭＶ感染后宿主血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），且ＨＣＭＶ疾病组ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ增高程度大于无症状感染组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；６例原发性ＨＣＭＶ感染者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与ＩｇＭ水平呈正相关（ｒ＝０．９９０８），提示随感染程度增加，血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平随之增高，还发现血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与Ｃ９４／ＣＤ８比值是负相关（ｒ＝－０．９７８９），说明ＨＣＭｖ感染后ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平增高与Ｔ细胞亚群改变有关，反之也说明ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ增高程度可表明体内免疫抑制状态。对于ＨＣＭＶ感染后血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平增高的机理有待进一步探讨。     

抗CD4及抗CXCR4抗体阻断HIV—1感染细胞作用的研究

为探讨抗ＣＤ４ 及抗ＣＸＣＲ４ 抗体在阻断Ｉ型人免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ－ １） 感染应用中的意义, 本文应用上述两种抗体分别与ＳｕｐＴ１ 细胞及人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ） 共培育, 以封闭ＨＩＶ－ １ 在上述细胞上的受体。然后, 以ＨＩＶ１ ＮＬ４３ 病毒株感染上述细胞, 通过测定感染细胞上清中ＨＩＶ－ １ 的Ｐ２４ 蛋白含量, 观察上述抗体对ＨＩＶ－ １ 感染细胞的阻断作用。结果显示, 无论是抗ＣＤ４ 或抗ＣＸＣＲ４ 的抗体单独应用或是两者联合应用, 均可明显地抑制ＨＩＶ－ １ 感染细胞的作用。该结果为今后开拓ＡＩＤＳ的抗体治疗提供了理论基础。     

Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis: seroepidemiology of coxsackievirus A24 variant and enterovirus 70 in Singapore

Epidemics of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by a variant of coxsackievirus A24 (CA24v) and enterovirus 70 (EV70) have occurred periodically in Singapore. A seroepidemiological survey conducted before the CA24v epidemic in 1985 and in the midst of the EV70 epidemic in 1983 showed a neutralising antibody prevalence (greater than or equal to 1:4) of 19.1% and 66.9% to CA24v and EV70, respectively. The seropositivity rate to both viruses was highest in children 10-14 years of age, but no sex or ethnic difference was noted. It appears from the data that an epidemic could be triggered when the herd immunity of the population falls below a critical level. There was a significant correlation in seroprevalence between CA24v and EV70 (P = 7.75 x 10(-3).     

Common Enterobacterial Antigen III. Initial Titers and Antibody Response in Bacteremia Caused by Gram-Negative Bacilli

Antibody titers to common enterobacterial antigen (CA) were determined in 141 controls and in acute serum specimens from 206 patients with bacteremia caused by gram-negative organisms. Levels of antibody to CA ranged from 1:160 to 1:2,560 in 95% of control subjects. These levels did not differ significantly from those in acute serum specimens from bacteremic patients with "nonfatal underlying diseases." Patients with more severe underlying diseases, "ultimately fatal underlying diseases," tended to have lower titers of antibody to CA. Human antibody to CA was predominantly of the 19S variety. A fourfold change in antibody titer to CA was observed in convalescent serum obtained after bacteremia in 32% of 108 patients studied. Correlation of titers of antibody to CA in acute serum specimens with the frequency of occurrence of shock or death failed to demonstrate any protective activity of antibody to CA. These complications occurred equally as often in patients with high titers of antibody to CA as in those with low titers.     

IFN-gamma plays a dominant role in upregulation of Candida-specific IgE synthesis in patients with atopic dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Although Candida albicans (CA) is known to induce Th1 clones that suppress IgE synthesis, serum IgE antibody against CA is often increased in atopic patients. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of IgE synthesis against CA in atopic patients. METHODS: We measured the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from atopic patients upon stimulation with CA and examined the correlation with the level of serum IgE antibody against CA. Results: The level of serum CA-specific IgE antibody (CA-IgE) was significantly higher in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) than in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) (geometric mean = 3.6 vs. 0.27 U(A)/ml, p < 0.02) (U(A) = unit allergen), while there was no difference in the level of house dust mite-specific IgE antibody between them (67.6 vs. 87.1 U(A)/ml). Although IL-4 production by PBMCs upon stimulation with CA in patients with AD was not significantly different from that in patients with BA (mean = 359.1 vs. 515.3 fg/ml), IFN-gamma production was significantly lower in the former than in the latter group (8.1 vs. 56.2 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Consequently, the ratio of IL-4/IFN-gamma production was apparently higher in patients with AD than in those with BA, which corresponds to the difference between them in the level of serum CA-IgE. A significant negative correlation was seen in patients with AD between IFN-gamma production by CA-stimulated PBMCs and the level of serum CA-IgE (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IgE synthesis against CA in atopic patients may be precipitated not by enhancing IL-4 production, but by reducing IFN-gamma secretion.     

Antibody responses to the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in patients with meningococcal disease.

We measured antibody responses to meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) polysaccharide (PS) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from 94 patients from The Netherlands with disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis group B. The patients ranged in age from 3 to 73 years (mean age, 18.8 years). In initial studies we showed that the binding of a panel of MenB PS-reactive human immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraproteins to biotinylated MenB PS bound to avidin-coated microtiter wells was inhibited > 90% by the addition of soluble MenB PS or encapsulated group B meningococci. In contrast, inhibition of IgM anti-MenB PS antibody-binding activity in many of the patient sera was less than 50% (range, 20 to 94%). These data suggested a high frequency of nonspecific binding in the patient sera. Therefore, all serum samples were assayed in replicate in the presence or absence of soluble MenB PS, and only the inhibitable fraction of the binding signal was used to calculate the anti-MenB PS antibody concentrations. In 17 control patients with meningococcal disease caused by serogroup A or C strains, there was no significant difference in the respective IgM or IgG anti-MenB PS antibody concentrations in paired acute- and convalescent-phase sera. In contrast, in patients with MenB disease, the geometric mean IgM anti-MenB PS antibody concentration increased from 3.9 units/ml in acute-phase serum to 10.5 units/ml in convalescent-phase serum (P < 0.001). The corresponding geometric mean IgG anti-MenB PS antibody titers were 1:27 and 1:36 (P < 0.05). There was only a weak relationship between age and the magnitude of the logarithm of the antibody concentrations in convalescent-phase sera (for IgM, r2 = 0.06 and P < 0.05; for IgG, r2 = 0.08 and P < 0.01). Our data indicate that precautions are needed to avoid nonspecificity in measuring serum antibody responses to MenB PS by ELISA. Furthermore, although this PS is thought to be a poor immunogen, patients as young as 3 years of age recovering from MenB disease demonstrate both ImG and IgG antibody responses in serum.     

Immune response to acute otitis media in children. I. Serotypes isolated and serum and middle ear fluid antibody in pneumococcal otitis media

Seventy percent of pneumococci isolated from the middle-ear cavity of infants and children with acute otitis media were of one of the seven serotypes 1, 3, 6, 14, 18, 19, or 23. The immunological response in the serum and middle-ear fluid from otitis media caused by one of these serotypes was studied in 61 children by using either indirect hemagglutination or indirect fluorescent antibody tests, or both. Twenty-six of the patients had pneumococcal antibody present in the acute serum and 28 had it in the convalescent serum by at least one method. Thirteen of the 49 middle-ear fluids examined had antibody by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Serum pneumococcal antibody was found to reside predominantly in the immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M classes, whereas pneumococcal antibody with middle-ear fluid was found to be distributed equally among all three classes. Approximately 25% of the patients (16 of 61) had a positive immune response to their infection as evidenced by increased levels of pneumococcal antibody in the convalescent serum. The percentage of patients responding immunologically increased with age: 12% of infants less than 12 months showed a significant response, whereas 48% of children over 24 months responded.     

血清IgG4、CA19-9 水平对IgG4 相关性胆管炎的诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨血清IgG4、CA19-9 及自身抗体对IgG4 相关性胆管炎(IgG4-SC)的诊断及鉴别价值。方法:选取41例IgG4-SC 患者、162 例非IgG4-SC 患者及40 例健康对照血清样本,采用免疫比浊法和直接化学发光法检测IgG4 和CA19-9水平、采用间接免疫荧光法检测抗核抗体(ANA)、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)、抗平滑肌抗体(SMA)和抗线粒体抗体(AMA),并进行结果统计分析。结果: IgG4-SC 患者的ANA、ANCA、SMA 和AMA 阳性率分别为41.46%、7.32%、0 和2.44%。其中,ANA 阳性率与正常对照组、ANCA 阳性率与原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)组、SMA 和AMA 阳性率与非IgG4-SC组均存在差异,且具有非常显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。于血清IgG4(n =36/41)和CA19-9(n =21/41)升高情况与正常对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);其ROC 曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.979 和0.646,P<0.05。结论:血清IgG4 和CA19-9水平的高表达和自身抗体检测,对于IgG4-SC 的鉴别诊断具有准确性和重要临床价值。     

A/PR/8/34(H1N1)病毒株血清流行病学调查

目的了解当今人群中是否仍有Ａ／ＰＲ／８／３４（Ｈ１Ｎ１）这类毒株的活动。方法从全国８个不同地区采集１９７５年之后出生人的血清，用常量半加敏ＨＩ测定Ａ／ＰＲ／８／３４（Ｈ１Ｎ１）毒株的抗体，然后凡ＨＩ效价≥１０的血清，一律按同法对Ａ／Ｓｗｉｎｅ／Ｉｏｗａ／１５／３０（Ｈ１Ｎ１）、Ａ／桂富／１０／１９４（Ｈ１Ｎ１）和Ａ／京防／５３／９７（Ｈ１Ｎ１）毒株进行复核测定。结果有２４份血清ＨＩ效价≥２０，分布于８个不同地区。结论当今我国人群中存在有Ａ／ＰＲ／８／３４（Ｈ１Ｎ１）毒株的活动     

北京地区成人血清肿瘤标志物CA72-4参考范围的确定

建立北京地区成人糖蛋白抗原72-4 (CA72-4)的参考值范围,采用电化学发光免疫分析法对1261例(男743例,女518例,年龄24 ～ 80岁)血清CA72-4进行检测,按年龄段分为五组,确定CA72-4 95%参考值范围.结果显示,男、女之间比较无统计学意义( P＞0.05) ;各年龄组比较CA72-4 (P＞...