a—SiGex：H薄膜准分子激光晶化的研究

用ＫｒＦ准分子激光、ＸｅＣｌ准分子激光在不同条件下对Ｇｅ含量不同的四种ａ－ＳｉＧｅ：Ｈ样品进行退火，只要激光退火能量密度合适，Ｇｅ含量不同的ａ－ＳｉＧｅ：Ｈ薄膜都可以被多晶化；随着Ｇｅ含量的增加，激光晶化阈值能量密度降低，耐退火民降低；在相同的激光晶化能量密度下，Ｇｅ的含量越高的薄膜，激光晶化的效果越好，晶粒尺寸长得越大。     

脉冲激光退火纳米碳化硅薄膜的拉曼散射研究

采用XeCl准分子激光实现了碳化硅薄膜的脉冲激光晶化,对退火前后薄膜样品拉曼散射谱特征进行了分析,探讨了激光能量密度对纳米碳化硅薄膜结构和物相特性的影响.结果显示晶态纳米碳化硅薄膜的拉曼散射峰相对体材料的特征峰显著宽化和红移,并显示了伴随退火过程存在着硅和碳的物相分凝现象.随着激光能量密度的增大,薄膜的晶化度提高,晶化颗粒增大,而伴随的分凝程度逐渐减小.     

脉冲激光辐照下半导体薄膜中温度场的计算

利用理论模型求得了脉冲激光辐照半导体薄膜材料的温度场解析解。结合ＫｒＦ准分子脉冲激光对淀积在熔凝石英衬底上的ａ－ＳｉＨ薄膜以及ａ－ＳｉＨ／ａ－ＳｉＮｘＨ多量子阱结构材料的热退火处理，分析了膜厚、激光能量密度以及ａ－ＳｉＨ／ａ－ＳｉＮｘＨ多量子阱结构材料中的子层厚度比对温度场性质及ａ－ＳｉＨ薄膜的晶化效果的影响。     

非晶硅薄膜的准分子激光晶化研究

利用Kr准分子激光器晶化非晶硅薄膜, 研究了不同的激光能量密度和脉冲次数对非晶硅薄膜晶化效果的影响.利用X 射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对晶化前后的样品的物相结构和表面形貌进行了表征和分析.实验结果表明, 在激光频率为1 Hz 的条件下, 能量密度约为180 mJ/cm2时,准分子激光退火处理实现了薄膜由非晶结构向多晶结构的转变;当大于晶化阈值180 mJ/cm2小于能量密度230 mJ/cm2时, 随着激光能量密度增大, 薄膜晶化效果越来越好;激光能量密度为230 mJ/cm2时, 晶化效果最好、晶粒尺寸最大, 约60 nm, 并且此时薄膜沿Si(111)面择优生长;脉冲次数50 次以后对晶化的影响不大.     

掺铒对激光烧蚀制备纳米硅晶薄膜形貌的影响

在2×10-4 Pa真空下，采用XeCl准分子激光器(波长308 nm)，调整激光单脉冲能量密度为3 J/cm2，交替烧蚀高纯单晶硅(Si)靶和铒(Er)靶，通过调整辐照两靶的激光脉冲个数比来控制掺Er浓度，分别在Si衬底和石英衬底上制备了掺Er非晶Si薄膜。在N2气保护下经高温热退火实现纳米晶化，退火时间为30 min。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察所得到的样品的表面形貌显示，铒掺杂影响着薄膜的表面形貌，与不掺Er情况相比，掺入适量的Er可以在较低的退火温度下得到晶粒尺寸分布更均匀的薄膜;拉曼谱的测量结果表明，在相同的退火温度下，Er的掺入有利于晶粒的长大，但同时降低了薄膜的晶化度，掺Er非晶Si薄膜要实现完全晶化需要更高的退火温度。     

本征非晶硅薄膜的准分子激光晶化

为了减低非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的光致衰减效应和提高其光电转换效率,用等离子体化学气相沉积系统制备了本征非晶硅薄膜,用波长为248nm的KrF准分子激光器激光晶化了非晶硅表层,用共焦显微喇曼测试技术研究了非晶硅薄膜在不同的激光能量密度和不同的频率下的晶化状态,并用扫描电子显微镜测试晶化前后薄膜的形貌。结果表明,随着激光能量密度的增大,薄膜晶化效果越来越好,能量密度达到268.54mJ/cm2时晶化效果最好,此时结晶比约为76.34%;最佳的激光能量密度范围是204.99mJ/cm2~268.54mJ/cm2,这时薄膜表面晶化良好;在1Hz~10Hz范围内,激光频率越大晶化效果越好;晶化后薄膜明显出现微晶和多晶颗粒,从而达到了良好的晶化效果。     

激光干涉结晶法制备三维有序分布的nc-Si阵列

利用准分子激光干涉结晶法使a Si∶H/a SiNx∶H多层膜中的超薄a Si∶H层定域晶化 ,成功地制备出三维有序分布的nc Si阵列。原子力显微镜 (AFM )、微区拉曼 (micro Raman)光谱及剖面透射电子显微镜 (X TEM)的分析结果揭示在晶化薄膜中已形成平均尺寸约为 3 6nm ,横向周期 2 μm ,纵向周期与a Si∶H/a SiNx∶H多层膜周期 (14nm)相等的nc Si阵列。     

平顶绿光晶化制备多晶硅薄膜

利用倍频Nd∶YAG激光器使玻璃基底上沉积的非晶硅薄膜成功实现了晶化.YAG激光器的倍频绿光经蝇眼透镜阵列整形后得到一光强均匀分布的平顶光束,并用此光束对非晶硅薄膜进行扫描晶化处理.分别测量了激光晶化前后薄膜的拉曼谱和表面形貌.测量结果表明,非晶硅实现了到多晶硅的相变,且晶化处理后表面起伏度明显增大.根据拉曼谱的数据计算了不同激光能量密度下薄膜的粒度大小和结晶度.结果表明,在一定能量密度(400～850 mJcm2)范围内,结晶膜的晶粒粒度和结晶度随激光能量密度升高而增大.然而能量密度大于1000 mJ/cm2后,检测不到明显的多晶硅特征峰.激光能量密度在850 mJ/cm2左右可得到最佳晶化效果.     

Al/a-Si∶H复合薄膜的电导性能

采用真空热蒸发与PECVD方法,在经特殊设计的"单反应室双沉积"设备中沉积了Al/a-Si∶H复合薄膜,并利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、Raman及X射线光电子谱等方法对复合薄膜在不同Al层厚度和不同温度退火后的晶化及电导行为进行了研究.结果表明,Al/a-Si∶H复合薄膜在不高于250℃的退火条件下即开始出现硅的晶体相.退火温度越高,Al层越厚,形成多晶硅的量越多.Al/a-Si∶H复合薄膜的电导率受Al原子在a-Si∶H中掺杂效应的影响,比纯a-Si∶H薄膜的大.随着硅晶体相在复合薄膜中的生成,复合薄膜的电导率受晶相比控制,晶相比增加,电导率增大.     

Al/a-Si∶H复合薄膜的电导性能

采用真空热蒸发与PECVD方法,在经特殊设计的"单反应室双沉积"设备中沉积了Al/a-Si∶H复合薄膜,并利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、Raman及X射线光电子谱等方法对复合薄膜在不同Al层厚度和不同温度退火后的晶化及电导行为进行了研究.结果表明,Al/a-Si∶H复合薄膜在不高于250℃的退火条件下即开始出现硅的晶体相.退火温度越高,Al层越厚,形成多晶硅的量越多.Al/a-Si∶H复合薄膜的电导率受Al原子在a-Si∶H中掺杂效应的影响,比纯a-Si∶H薄膜的大.随着硅晶体相在复合薄膜中的生成,复合薄膜的电导率受晶相比控制,晶相比增加,电导率增大.     

激光退火法低温制备多晶硅薄膜的研究

利用激光退火的方式在低温下制备多晶硅薄膜,采用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ等分析手段,进行了表征与分析,对晶体的阈值能量密度进行了计算,并对激光退火的机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明：α－Ｓｉ晶化的阈值能量密与薄膜的厚度无关,在晶化区内,晶粒尺寸的大小随着照射到薄膜表面的激光能量密量的增加而增加。     

Laser annealed Ta/Ge and Ni/Ge ohmic contacts to GaAs

Refractory metal ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs have been developed using epitaxial Ge films and pulsed laser annealing. Laser annealing was carried out with a 22 ns pulse from a Q-switched ruby laser operating in the TEM00mode. The specific contact resistivity of the contacts Ta/Ge and Ni/Ge on 2 × 10¹⁷cm^-3dopes GaAs exhibited sharp minima as a function of laser energy density at 1 × 10^-6Ω-cm²and 2 × 10^-6Ω-cm², respectively, which occurred near the melting point of the layered contacts. Auger electron sputter profiles revealed Ge migration into the GaAs surface after laser annealing at sufficient energy density to form ohmic contact. The contacts have applications to high temperature devices and to devices which experience high channel or contact temperatures, such as power FETs and TEDs.     

光学薄膜激光损伤阈值测量不确定度

光学薄膜的激光损伤阈值是评价其激光耐受性能好坏的一个重要指标。对薄膜激光损伤阈值的准确评价和测定,是判断其激光耐受性能和进行相互比对的基础。通过对激光损伤阈值测试系统误差的溯源分析和计算机模拟,给出了优化测试系统的方向。研究结果表明:在激光光斑确定的情况下,激光能量越高,能量密度的误差越大。因此在满足需要的情况下,应该尽可能选取较低的激光能量。在激光能量确定的情况下,存在一个临界光斑,当小于临界光斑时,能量密度误差变化非常剧烈,光斑越小,能量密度误差越大。测试系统的激光光斑大于临界光斑时系统的误差较小,小于临界光斑时系统的误差急剧变大。因此,在激光损伤阈值测试系统中,应该优选临界光斑或者大于临界光斑。激光损伤阈值拟合产生的最大误差为最大能级的激光能量误差,因此要尽可能降低激光器的脉冲能量。由此可见,设计合理的系统参数,可以最大程度降低测量结果的不确定度。     

激光热冲击引起PZT压电薄膜铁电性能的变化

应用高能量单脉冲激光作用在锆钛酸铅 (PZT)压电薄膜上 ,研究脉冲激光的热冲击对PZT薄膜性能产生的影响。发现在激光未烧熔薄膜的能量密度下 ,经过激光作用后 ,PZT薄膜的铁电性能发生变化 :在外加电压为 6V时 ,剩余极化强度值Pr 从 32 6 99μC/cm2 变到 2 6 316 μC/cm2 ;矫顽电场保持为 38 396kV/cm不变 ;疲劳性能变稳定 ,在循环 1 75× 10 9次时 Pr 衰变率由 4 4 3%变为 34 7%。最后讨论分析了产生这种现象的微观机理。     

308nm准分子激光剥离聚酰亚胺薄膜实验研究

为了研究聚酰亚胺薄膜在308nm准分子激光下的剥离效果, 采用实验研究的方法, 分别探究了激光能量密度、光斑重叠率、脉冲频率、衬底温度对激光剥离效果的影响, 并结合显微镜观察剥离后的衬底和薄膜形貌。结果表明, 激光剥离能量阈值约为160mJ/cm2, 在激光能量密度为180mJ/cm2~190mJ/cm2左右、光斑重叠率为68.33%时, 剥离效果较好; 提高衬底温度有利于激光剥离过程。该研究对聚酰亚胺薄膜在柔性电子领域的工业化应用具有一定意义。     

Characterization and simulation analysis of laser-induced crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films

The effect of laser energy density on the crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films was studied theoretically and experimentally. The thin films were irritated with a frequency-doubled (λ=532 nm) Nd:YAG pulsed nanosecond laser. An effective finite element model was built to predict the melting threshold and the optimized laser energy density for crystallization of intrinsic amorphous silicon. Simulation analysis revealed variations in the temperature distribution with time and melting depth. The highest crystalline fraction measured by Raman spectroscopy (84.5%) agrees well with the optimized laser energy density (1000 mJ/cm²) in the transient-state simulation. The surface morphology of the thin films observed by optical microscopy is in fairly good agreement with the temperature distribution in the steady-state simulation.     

激光辐照硅、锗材料形成表面波纹的实验研究

用光学显微镜分别测量了1．06μm激光辐照硅、锗材料形成表面波纹的形貌特征。在激光辐照材料形成初始表面波纹之后，后继激光对最终波纹的增长起正反馈作用。当激光功率密度略大于材料损伤阈值时，材料表面呈现周期性的波纹结构；当激光功率密度远大于材料损伤阈值时，材料熔融区内出现无规则的随机分布波纹。激光辐照硅、锗材料产生的波纹结构与材料的性能、表面状况和实验中使用的激光参数密切相关。同时，分析了表面波纹结构对激光光束传输特性，以及激光与材料相互作用产生破坏效应的影响。     

Growth and characterization of germanium and boron doped silicon epitaxial films

The epitaxial growth and characterization of in-situ germanium and boron (Ge/B) doped Si epitaxial films is described. As indicated by secondary ion mass spectroscopy and spreading resistance measurements, the total and electrically activated B concentrations are essentially identical and independent of Ge incorporation. The B and Ge concentrations are uniformly distributed in these Ge/B doped films. A slight enhancement of Hall mobility is obtained, possibly due to the stress relief induced by Ge counterdoping. Carrier conduction in these films is due to the activated B with an activation energy of 0.04 eV as revealed by conductivity versus temperature measurements. Ge atoms appear to be isoelectronic with Si atoms in these films. A slight degradation of minority carrier diffusion length is observed. Electrical characterization of PN diodes on these Ge/B doped films do not reveal any anomaly. SiO₂ on these Ge/B doped films has similar oxide fixed charge density, interface state density and dielectric breakdown strength compared to silicon dioxide on boron doped epitaxial films. Electron injection reveals a different transport mechanism of the SiO₂ grown on these Ge/B doped films.     

Structural and electrical properties of Er-doped HfO2 and of its interface with Ge (0 0 1)

Er-doped HfO₂ thin films with Er content ranging from 0% to 15% are deposited by atomic layer deposition on native oxide free Ge(001). The crystallographic phase is investigated by X-ray diffraction and is found to depend on the Er%. The cubic fluorite structure develops on Ge for Er% as low as 4% and is stable after annealing at 400 °C in N₂. Microstrain increases with increasing the Er content within the fluorite structure. Time of flight secondary ion mass and electron energy loss spectroscopy evidence a Ge diffusion from the substrate that results in the formation of a Ge-rich interfacial region which does not present a structural discontinuity with the oxide. The diffusion of Ge is enhanced by the annealing and causes a reordering of the crystal lattice. In annealed films the interface defect density measured by low temperature conductance measurements is found to decrease with decreasing the Er content.     

GaN/metal/Si heterostructure fabricated by metal bonding and laser lift-off

A process methodology has been adopted to transfer GaN thin films grown on sapphire substrates to Si substrates using metal bonding and laser lift-off techniques. After bonding, a single KrF (248 nm) excimer laser pulse was directed through the transparent sapphire substrates followed by low-temperature heat treatment to remove the substrates. The influence of bonding temperature and energy density of the excimer laser on the structure and optical properties of GaN films were investigated systemically. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and photolumi-nescence measurements showed that (1) the quality of the GaN film was higher at a lower bonding temperature and lower energy density; (2) the threshold of the energy density of the excimer laser lift-off GaN was 300 mJ/cm~2. The root-mean-square roughness of the transferred GaN surface was about 50 nm at a bonding temperature of 400 ℃.