单周控制的直流侧有源电力滤波器及其补偿特性研究

针对整流桥谐波源负载,笔者通过对其电压型谐波源和电流型谐波源的谐波特性分析,指出DC侧并联型APF补偿电压型谐波源的不足,进而研究其对偶拓扑结构——DC侧串联型APF。对两种DC侧APF进行了单周控制理论实现和补偿特性效果比较。结果表明:DC侧并联型APF适合补偿电流型谐波源,DC侧串联型APF更适合补偿电压型谐波源,从而验证了理论分析与单周控制实现的正确性。     

补偿电压型谐波源的混合型APF研究

串联型APF适合于补偿电压型谐波源,但其变压器体积大、绝缘水平高,且控制增益的最优值选择困难。为补偿电压型谐波源,本文提出了一种由并联型APF和电感电容构成的混合型APF。其中电感电容串联在电网与谐波源之间并谐振于工频,实现了对基波电流的无衰减传播和对谐波电流的高阻抗隔离;进入电网的残余谐波电流以及由于参数波动引起的基波电流损失由并联型APF补偿。理论分析与仿真结果表明：该混合型APF的控制方式简单,经济性和补偿效果均好于串联型APF,应用前景广阔。     

不同类型谐波源综合补偿的串联混合型APF设计

为了实现对电网中非线性负载产生的不同类型谐波的综合治理,提出了一种新型串联混合型有源电力滤波器(APF)。所提出的滤波器不仅能单独治理电流型、电压型谐波源,而且能实现对电流型和电压型谐波源的综合治理,并能有效抑制电网谐波串、并联谐振。提出了一种基于变压器基波磁通补偿的串联型APF的电流比例—积分无静差控制策略。采用输入、输出阻抗传递函数法的分析结果表明,所提出的串联混合型APF具有很好的谐波谐振抑制特性。对该滤波器综合治理不同类型谐波源的情况进行了仿真和实验研究,结果表明,所提出的串联混合型APF具有很好的补偿效果。     

有源电力滤波器对不同类型谐波源的补偿特性

研究了电力系统中典型的谐波源。通过探讨串联型和并联型APF的工作原理,分析了它们对不同性质谐波源的补偿特性,并分别进行了仿真和实验研究,确定了它们各自适应的补偿对象。最后得出的结论能为工程应用中选择APF提供理论依据。     

并联型APF补偿电压源型非线性负载时谐波电流放大效应的研究

为拓展并联型有源电力滤波器（active power filter,APF）的应用,通过采用电路等效分析的方法,研究并联型APF对电压源型非线性负载的补偿特性,重点分析负载谐波电流放大效应,定性与定量地解释产生此效应的原因。在此基础上,从电路拓扑以及APF控制两方面提出抑制谐波放大效应的措施,使得并联型APF对电压源型非线性负载取得良好的补偿效果。仿真与实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

应用串联校正解决有源滤波器稳定性问题

分析了系统电抗和负荷电抗对基于检测系统电流的并联型有源滤波器(APF)控制算法稳定性的影响,并给出了基于串联校正的解决方案。对于电压源型非线性负载,由于系统电抗和负荷电抗的影响,在使用并联型APF进行谐波补偿时不但会出现谐波放大现象,而且影响并联型APF电流跟踪控制算法的稳定性。建立了并联型APF,系统电抗和负荷电抗的详细电路模型,并通过闭环传递函数控制模型分析了电流跟踪控制算法的稳定性。使用比例谐振(PR)控制验证了该数学模型的合理性,并提出了串联校正解决方案,实验结果验证了该模型和解决方案的正确性。     

有源滤波器在d,q坐标系下的PI-模糊谐振控制

有源电力滤波器(APF)被认为将代替传统LC无源滤波器,用来治理线路上非线性负载及开关器件产生的谐波和无功电流.APF为消除谐波,逆变器必须根据指令输出补偿电流,而谐波电流随时间快速振荡变化,因此电流控制器对谐波电流的跟踪能力决定了APF的性能高低.在此分析了并联型APF的电流控制数学模型,针对并联型APF提出一种简单...     

一种新型的串联型有源电力滤波器

提出了一种基于等效电阻概念和功率平衡原理的串联型有源电力滤波器（APF），新串联型有源电力滤波器不需要进行复杂的谐波检测计算，通过简单的控制就可以获得电源电流的参考信号，实现对谐波和无功电流的同时补偿。研制了实验样机，实验结果与理论分析和仿真结果相吻合，验证了所提出控制方法的正确性，并显示所提出的串联型APF对电压型谐波源有良好的补偿特性。     

新型直流侧串联型有源电力滤波器

通过对电压型谐波源补偿特性的分析,说明了传统并联型有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)补偿该类谐波源的不足,设计了一种新型的直流侧串联型APF。与传统的交流侧串联型APF相比,该APF串联在整流桥的直流侧,简化了电路结构,减少了有源开关的数量,用于对电压型谐波源的谐波治理有很大的技术优势。文中对直流侧串联型APF的电路拓扑和基本原理进行了分析,推导了相应的控制实现方程,给出了主电路主要参数(滤波电感和储能电容)的设计和选取标准,为系统的合理设计提供了理论依据。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性与可靠性。     

有源电力滤波器抑制谐波的机理分析

研究了中低压电网中由非线性负载产生谐波的机理，提出所有由非线性负载直接引起的谐波是电流谐波，因而治理非线性负载引起的谐波应首先考虑治理谐波电流。同时，从补偿和滤波两种思想出发，指出并联型谐波补偿有源电力滤波器(APF)的补偿作用和串联型基波补偿APF的滤波作用可适用于非线性负载谐波电流的抑制。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-a combinedsystem of shunt passive and series active filters

A novel approach to compensating for harmonics in power systems is presented. It is a combined system of a shunt passive filter and a small rated series active filter. The compensation principle is described, and some filtering characteristics are discussed in detail. Excellent practicability and validity to compensate for harmonics in power systems are demonstrated experimentally. Although the source harmonic voltage was only 1%, the source harmonic current reached about 10% before the series active filter was started. After it was started, no harmonic current flowed into the shunt passive filter. In addition, no harmonic voltage appeared at the terminals of the shunt passive filter, because the source harmonic voltage was applied to the series active filter. The total loss of the series active filter was less than 40 W. It is concluded that the combined system is far superior in efficiency to conventional shunt active filters     

双电源交错备用型通用电能质量控制器

传统的通用电能质量控制器(GPQC)直流侧如果没有储能装置,则无法实现不间断供电;即使直流侧装设储能装置,蓄电池储能或超级电容器储能都存在补偿时间、补偿容量及使用寿命均有限等问题。为此提出了一种由两个并联变换器和两个串联变换器构成(每一个并联变换器和串联变换器都通过一个直流电容交错的连接在一起)的新双电源交错备用型通用电能质量控制器(DPS-GPQC)和一种简单有效的控制策略。DPS-GPQC能够同时补偿电网谐波电压、电压跌落和上升、电压中断、三相电压不平衡、谐波电流及无功电流,且能够实现两个不同电源之间能量的交错备用。基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的仿真结果表明了DPS-GPQC良好的性能和所提控制策略的有效性。因此,所提结构既能同时解决两个不同系统的大多数电能质量问题,又可以有效提高电力系统的供电可靠性。     

适用于飞机电网的并联型有源电力滤波器功率电路及其控制策略

针对飞机电网频率较高、电源内阻抗较大的特点,采用并联型有源电力滤波器实现对电网谐波的集中抑制。采用改进的交叉矢量算法实现对基准补偿电流的检测和计算,采用滞环电流控制实现对较高频率电源系统瞬时电流的补偿,同时对直流侧电压进行稳压调节,并推导其传递函数。仿真和实验结果验证了将APF应用于飞机电网的正确性和可行性,表明采用本文的有源滤波器可集中抑制电网谐波电流,具有较好的补偿效果。     

Compensation characteristics of shunt active and series active power filters

Active power filters have been used in practice to suppress the harmonic interference in power systems. To compensate for harmonic currents of loads, active power filters usually are connected to power systems in parallel with the loads. These filters, which are called shunt active filters here, are very effective for loads that can be considered as current sources, such as thyristor rectifiers with large dc reactances. Many papers have covered the shunt active filters applied to these current-source loads, however, none has discussed characteristics of the shunt active filters when they are applied to voltage-source loads. On the other hand, since more and more diode rectifiers with capacitive dc filters have recently been used, harmonics generated by them have become an issue. The diode rectifier with capacitive dc filters behaves as a voltage source rather than a current source. When a shunt active filter is applied to such a diode rectifier, the current injected from the shunt active filter may flow into the diode rectifier. As a result, harmonics of the source current cannot be reduced effectively, and harmonic current flowing into the diode rectifier increases greatly. This paper presents the aforementioned problem of shunt active filters analytically and experimentally. Then a series active filter is proposed to suppress the harmonic current of the diode rectifiers. The features, operating conditions, and considerations of shunt active filters and series active filters are described analytically and demonstrated experimentally. Taking a diode rectifier with capacitive dc filter as a typical voltage-source load, compensation characteristics of shunt active filters and series active filters are discussed by experiment and simulation. The validity of the series active filters is illustrated experimentally.     

A new control algorithm of active power line conditioner for improving power quality

In this paper, a new control algorithm for active power line conditioner (APLC) is proposed. The proposed APLC contains two power converters, a series power converter and a shunt power converter. The series power converter is operated as a current source, and it has the function of a harmonic isolation to block the harmonic current from the nonlinear load to mains and the harmonic voltage from the mains to load. The shunt power converter is operated as a voltage source to supply a clean and regulated output voltage to the load. Both power converters use the same dc bus. To demonstrate its performance, a prototype is developed and tested. The tested results show that the proposed APLC has the expected performance.     

Harmonic current and voltage compensation using HSAPF based on hybrid control approach for synchronous reference frame method

This paper presents a Hybrid Series Active Power Filter (HSAPF) for compensation of source current and load voltage harmonics. The HSAPF combination consists of a small rated series active power filter and a shunt connected passive power filter. This combination is suitable for compensation of voltage-type as well as current-type harmonic producing load. The HSAPF uses the synchronous rotating reference frame method that based on hybrid control approach, which eliminate both source current as well as load voltage harmonics and also tests the performance of HSAPF for ideal voltage, non-ideal voltage and also at different loading conditions, etc.     

Management of reactive power sharing & power quality improvement with SRF-PAC based UPQC under unbalanced source voltage condition

This paper is proposed to establish a new control algorithm for UPQC (unified power quality conditioner) to improve power quality and manage effectively equal reactive power sharing between shunt and series inverter of UPQC under unbalanced source voltage condition. The extraction of instantaneous power angle for reactive power sharing faces difficulty with unbalanced source voltage condition. This paper presents a new SRF (synchronous reference frame) based PAC (power angle control) method using decoupled load current parameters for efficient utilization and coordination of UPQC inverters. The proposed controller contributes in improvement of source current and load voltage harmonic profile, provides efficient way of load reactive power compensation and load voltage compensation for sag, swell and unbalanced condition. Effect of source voltage variations in the form of sag, swell or unbalancing on variable power angle estimation and reactive power calculations are also validated through a mathematical analysis. SRF based PAC control approach and PAC based UVT (unit vector template) control approach is adapted for estimating the reference signals of shunt and series inverter respectively and thus reducing the need of extra computation. The simulation and experimental analysis is carried out using Matlab/Simulink software package for computer simulation and a dSPACE based experimental setup for real time verifications.     

Load voltage compensation using series–shunt power converter

This paper presents a method of amplitude control and unbalance compensation of the load voltage using a series–shunt power converter. The series power converter works to obtain a constant balanced sinusoidal load voltage. The shunt converter regulates the DC link voltage and compensates for the reactive current of the source within the rated current of the converter. To design the required capacity for the series–shunt power converter, the relation between the converter capacity and the load power factor at constant compensation voltage is introduced. The required capacity of the series–shunt power converter is reduced by more than 50% compared with that of a conventional series power converter. The effectiveness of the proposed load voltage compensation technique using the series–shunt power converter is verified by experiments. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(3): 39–48, 2001     

电压型谐波源与串联型有源电力滤波器

分析了直流侧电感和电容滤波的整流器的谐波特性 ,进而把它们分为电流和电压型谐波源。说明了串联型有源电力滤波器适合补偿电压型谐波源的原因。提出了一种新的检测负载电压控制方法 ,它通过直接检测负载电压来为串联型有源电力滤波器提供参考电压 ,从而改善了其谐波补偿特性。为说明串联型有源电力滤波器补偿电压型谐波源的有效性和比较不同的控制方法 ,进行了实验研究。     

统一电能质量调节器的实验研究

统一电能质量调节器（UPQC）是结合串联有源滤波器和并联有源滤波器的一种新型谐波和无功补偿装置。文中分析了它的系统结构和工作原理，并根据提出的检测控制方法研制了一台实验样机，进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，样机不仅可以补偿非线性负载产生的无功电流和谐波电流，还可以补偿电源电压的负序分量并调节负载电压的幅值。