大功率混合型APF用于大型冶炼厂谐波治理

为消除电力系统谐波及其巨大危害,根据大型冶炼厂谐波治理的特点,提出了一种新颖的拓扑结构-大功率混合型有源滤波器,它将串联谐振注入型有源滤波器与无源滤波器并联混合,由电容静态补偿无功功率,由有源和无源部分共同抑制谐波。实践证明该装置具有较好的滤波效果和一定的无功补偿能力。     

Application issues of active power filters

In this article, common nonlinear loads have been characterized into two types of harmonic sources, current-source type of harmonic source and voltage-source type of harmonic source. Compensation characteristics of both parallel active filters and series active filters have been discussed analytically and experimentally for these two types of harmonic sources. The corresponding required operation conditions, features, application issues, and adaptive harmonic sources of both filters have been presented. The fact that the traditional active filter, the parallel active filter, is not a panacea to harmonic compensation, and that one cannot use it blindly, has been clearly addressed. The parallel active filter will increase harmonic current and may cause overcurrent of the load when the load is a harmonic voltage source. Instead, it has been verified that the series active filter is better suited for compensation of a harmonic voltage source such as a diode rectifier with smoothing DC capacitor. The conclusions of this article also imply that when a parallel active filter is installed in a power system network such as at a point of common coupling, the network impedance and main harmonic sources downstream from the installation point should be investigated in order to get good performance and to minimize influence to the loads downstream. In some cases, a combined system of parallel active filter and series active filter may be necessary by utilizing the harmonic isolation function of the series active filters. No doubt active filters are superior to passive filters if used in their niche applications     

谐波源与有源电力滤波器的补偿特性

通过分析电网中的典型谐波源,说明了整流器直流侧电感或电容滤波时,其特性类似谐波电流源或电压源。在探讨并联型和串联型APF工作原理的基础上,研究了它们对不同谐波源的补偿特性。从而说明对电流型或电压型谐波源进行谐波补偿,应该分别使用并联型或串联型APF。否则,不能起良好的补偿效果。     

A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-a combinedsystem of shunt passive and series active filters

A novel approach to compensating for harmonics in power systems is presented. It is a combined system of a shunt passive filter and a small rated series active filter. The compensation principle is described, and some filtering characteristics are discussed in detail. Excellent practicability and validity to compensate for harmonics in power systems are demonstrated experimentally. Although the source harmonic voltage was only 1%, the source harmonic current reached about 10% before the series active filter was started. After it was started, no harmonic current flowed into the shunt passive filter. In addition, no harmonic voltage appeared at the terminals of the shunt passive filter, because the source harmonic voltage was applied to the series active filter. The total loss of the series active filter was less than 40 W. It is concluded that the combined system is far superior in efficiency to conventional shunt active filters     

DC magnetic deviation in the matching transformer of a series active filter,and its suppression

This paper deals with a series active filter for harmonic‐current compensation of a large‐capacity diode rectifier with a capacitive load. Flux saturation may occur in a series matching transformer for connecting the series active filter to the ac side of the diode rectifier. This paper develops an analog controller of a dc magnetizing current flowing in the matching transformer, along with a model for the controller, to avoid the flux saturation. Operating characteristics of the controller are theoretically and experimentally discussed, taking into account both an offset voltage in the controller and an error in a current sensor. Finally, this paper discusses a relation between magnetizing characteristics of the matching transformer and the amplitude of the magnetizing current. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 63–72, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10188     

分次补偿方式的并联型混合电力滤波器研制

介绍了由有源电力滤波器和无源滤波器并联构成混合滤波系统的工作原理，分析了有源和无源滤波器并联补偿谐波时谐波电流分配的问题，提出采用分次补偿的控制策略，并对系统控制策略的软件方法和控制电路的硬件实现进行了阐述。在此基础上研制了一台250kVA／380V并联混合型电力滤波器装置。该装置已应用于治理中频炉负载的工业现场。仿真和现场应用结果表明，采用该控制方法，可以在保证良好的补偿特性的同时，有效减少有源滤波器部分的容量，从而降低了整个装置的成本，更加适用于治理中大容量谐波负载的场合。     

三相整流桥直流侧和交流侧并联型有源电力滤波器比较研究

三相直流侧和交流侧有源电力滤波器均可用于三相不可控整流桥的谐波治理。从谐波补偿效果、有源滤波器的补偿容量、开关应力三个方面对二者进行了分析和对比。分析结果表明，由于直流侧有源电力滤波器并联在整流桥的直流侧，在换相处的负载电流变化率比交流侧小得多，因此直流侧有源电力滤波器的补偿性能优于交流侧有源电力滤波器。同时由于直流侧有源电力滤波器工作在电压电流两个象限，因此其补偿容量和开关应力远小于交流侧有源电力滤波器。     

Combined rectifying system including double-series capacitor-smoothed diode rectifier and series active filter

This paper proposes a new rectifying system consisting of a series active filter and a double-series three-phase 12-pulse diode rectifier. The supply current in the proposed system has a sinusoidal wave shape because the series active filter suppresses the current harmonics produced by the diode rectifier. Since almost no 5th and 7th harmonics are produced by the double-series 12-pulse diode rectifier, the required peak rating of the series active filter is only 7% of the diode rectifier. In this paper, the control scheme and operating characteristics of the series active filter are theoretically and experimentally discussed. A novel conception that connection of a parallel capacitor to each diode of the rectifier makes a great contribution to reducing the required rating of the series active filter is also presented and verified by some experimental results. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 120(1): 85–94, 1997     

并联型有源电力滤波器的仿真研究

并联型有源电力滤波器可较好地补偿电流源产生的谐波,利用MATLAB中的电力系统仿真工具箱对其进行建模与仿真.仿真试验结果表明,它能很好地补偿非线性负载产生的谐波.     

New digital reference current generation for shunt active power filter under distorted voltage conditions

In this paper, a new reference current computation method suitable for shunt active power filter control under distorted voltage conditions is proposed. The active power filter control is based on the use of self-tuning filters (STF) for the reference current generation and on a modulated hysteresis current controller. This active filter is intended for harmonic compensation of a diode rectifier feeding a RL load under distorted voltage conditions. The study of the active filter control is divided in two parts. The first one deals with the harmonic isolator which generates the harmonic reference currents and is experimentally implemented in a DS1104 card of a DSPACE prototyping system. The second part focuses on the generation of the switching pattern of the inverter by using a modulated hysteresis current controller, implemented in an analogue card. The use of STF instead of classical extraction filters allows extracting directly the voltage and current fundamental components in the α–β axis without phase locked loop (PLL). The performances are good even under distorted voltage conditions. First, the effectiveness of the new proposed method is mathematically studied and verified by computer simulation. Then, experimental results are presented using a DSPACE system associated with the analogue current controller for a real shunt active power filter.     

并联型三相四线制有源电力滤波器的仿真

并联型有源电力滤波器可较好地补偿电流源产生的谐波,利用MATLAB中的电力系统仿真工具箱对其进行建模与仿真。不同于传统的模拟滞环比较器,采用基于三维空间矢量脉宽调制（3DSVPWM）法控制补偿电流的产生。这种新型的空间矢量脉宽调制方法被用在三相四线系统中的并联电能质量补偿设备中,用来控制一个三桥臂逆变器,实现对电流谐波和中线电流的补偿。仿真试验结果表明,能很好地补偿非线性负载产生的谐波。     

一种新型混合有源滤波器及其复合控制策略设计

混合有源滤波器是一种有效的谐波抑制方式。电力系统中谐波源负载种类繁多，特性各异，针对目前应用最为广泛的三相整流桥负载，在以往混合滤波器研究的基础上，提出了一种新型单调谐混合滤波器，对其无源滤波部分依据有源部分容量最小的原则进行了设计，并对其工作原理进行了详细的分析研究。针对所设计的混合滤波器的特有结构，设计了其复合控制策略。该复合控制策略在不影响系统稳定性的基础上，提高了系统的滤波性能，保证了有源滤波器小容量下良好的运行性能。对所设计的复合控制器在频域和时域内进行了稳定性分析。仿真和实验结果验证了所提出的拓扑结构和复合控制策略的有效性。     

单周控制的直流侧有源电力滤波器及其补偿特性研究

针对整流桥谐波源负载,笔者通过对其电压型谐波源和电流型谐波源的谐波特性分析,指出DC侧并联型APF补偿电压型谐波源的不足,进而研究其对偶拓扑结构——DC侧串联型APF。对两种DC侧APF进行了单周控制理论实现和补偿特性效果比较。结果表明:DC侧并联型APF适合补偿电流型谐波源,DC侧串联型APF更适合补偿电压型谐波源,从而验证了理论分析与单周控制实现的正确性。     

三相整流桥直流侧并联型有源电力滤波器

针对不可控三相二极管整流桥,提出了一种三相直流侧并联型有源电力滤波器拓扑结构及其控制策略,该滤波器由工作在工频的3个低频开关和两个串联的双向Boost电路构成。控制策略采用无需进行谐波电流检测和计算的单周控制方法,可抑制整流桥前端注入电网的谐波电流,使整个整流桥装置从电网吸收的电流接近正弦波,功率因数近似为1。与传统的交流侧有源电力滤波器相比,可以减少高频有源开关的数量,降低成本;与功率因数校正器相比,仅处理负载电流中的谐波分量,可减小谐波治理装置的额定容量。仿真和实验结果证明了所提方法的正确性。     

A new control approach to three-phase active filter for harmonicsand reactive power compensation

This paper deals with a new control scheme for a parallel 3-phase active filter to eliminate harmonics and to compensate the reactive power of the nonlinear loads. A 3-phase voltage source inverter bridge with a DC bus capacitor is used as an active filter (AF). A hysteresis based carrierless PWM current control is employed to derive the switching signals to the AF. Source reference currents are derived using load currents, DC bus voltage and source voltage. The command currents of the AF are derived using source reference and load currents. A 3-phase diode rectifier with capacitive loading is employed as the nonlinear load. The AF is found effective to meet IEEE-519 standard recommendations on the harmonics level     

Three-phase active harmonic rectifier (AHR) to improve utility input current THD in telecommunication power distribution system

Modern telecommunication power supply systems have several parallel-connected switch-mode rectifiers to provide -48 V DC. A typical switch-mode rectifier configuration includes a three-phase diode rectifier followed by a DC-DC converter. Such a system draws significant harmonic currents for the utility, resulting in poor input power factor and high total harmonic distortion. In this paper, a three-phase active harmonic rectifier (AHR) scheme is proposed. In the AHR scheme, a diode rectifier module is replaced by a six-insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor pulsewidth-modulation rectifier to supply load harmonics as well as its own active power. Each DC-DC converter module is connected to a shared 48-V DC link. The AHR module together with parallel-connected switch-mode rectifiers is controlled to achieve clean input power characteristics. The VA ratings of the AHR scheme is compared with an active power filter approach. The control design is based on the synchronous reference frame approach. Analysis, simulation, and experimental results show that the AHR offers several advantages such as lower VA rating, better current control response, efficient use of the AHR DC link, small size, and stable DC-link voltage control.     

Combined system of a series active filter and a shunt passive filter—an optimum design of the shunt passive filter

The combined system of a series active filter and a shunt passive filter that is proposed by the authors has the ability to eliminate a major disadvantage of shunt passive filters, namely, harmonic amplification. The series active filter needs a much smaller kVA rating than a conventional shunt active filter, and as a result, the combined system has good filtering characteristics and high efficiency. This paper presents an optimum design of the shunt passive filter that makes possible a great reduction in the required kVA rating of the series active filter. It can minimize the peak voltage across the series active filter and reduce the required kVA rating of the filter to 60 percent. A computer simulation geared to practical applications of large three-phase. twelve-pulse thyristor rectifiers is used to compare the compensation characteristics of the optimized system with those of a combined system that uses a conventional shunt passive filter. Experimental results obtained with a laboratory model of the filter corroborate the design approach.     

A three‐phase,active power filter with a predictive‐instantaneous‐current PWM controller

One of the most emphasized problems to be solved in power systems in recent years is the line‐current harmonics problem. This is due to the use of diode rectifiers, PWM converters, nonlinear loads, and so on. To reduce or eliminate such current harmonics, an active power filter (APF), which is a sophisticated power electronic converter, has been studied and used in some practical applications. In this paper, we propose and discuss two new control methods for three‐phase shunt APFs: the sinusoidal line‐current control method and the instantaneous‐reactive‐power compensation control method. They are based on pulsewidth prediction control, or a predictive‐instantaneous‐current PWM control. Neither any instantaneous power information nor coordinate transformation is necessary for control. In the sinusoidal line‐current control scheme, the controller governs the switching devices of the APF by using the pulse width that is optimally predetermined at the beginning of every switching period with the sinusoidal current reference. The line currents flow sinusoidally and are in phase with the voltage accordingly. In the instantaneous‐reactive‐power compensation control, the control is performed so that the resultant circuit of the load and the APF is regarded as a time‐variant conductance circuit model. The APF with this control scheme can cancel effectively the instantaneous reactive component produced by the load though the controller is simple. This paper discusses the performance characteristics of the APFs when a three‐phase diode rectifier and an unbalanced load are connected to the line. The practicability of the proposed methods is verified by experiment. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 130(3): 68–76, 2000     

注入式混合有源电力滤波装置研制及工程应用

为了弥补并联型混合有源滤波器(HAPF)中的有源部分需承受较大电网基波电压而难以用于中高压电网的缺点,通过添加基波谐振支路并使其与有源部分并联从而减小它的基波分压,同时通过系统中的无源滤波器组来补偿大容量无功功率,使整个系统能够同时抑制电网谐波和补偿无功功率.针对某冶炼厂大型整流装置谐波抑制和无功补偿的工程需要,在对比了不同的解决方案之后,分别就不同的工况详细介绍了兼具大容量无功静补能力的并联混合型有源滤渡器装置的研制、工程应用过程中的关键技术和主要组成设备,仿真和现场应用效果证明了该装置能够在不同工况下治理谐波达标和补偿无功功率至设定值,系统能够满足实际工程应用中从电网中高压侧着手提高供电功率因数、滤除谐波电流从而节能降耗的需要.     

三相三线并联型有源电力滤波器的数字化实现

基于整流桥非线性负载电流分析,给出三相并联型有源电力滤波器的一种新型谐波检测算法。对新型谐波检测算法的原理进行了阐述并给出其实现方法,阐述了谐波检测滤波器的设计方法,分析和研究对负载突变时谐波检测算法对直流母线电压影响机理,指出负载突变时直流母线电压波动的原因。最后,就全谐波检测算法和新型谐波检测算法进行仿真和实验对比研究,结果验证了新型谐波检测算法的可行性和可靠性。