大掺量粉煤灰混凝土试验研究

为研究大掺量粉煤灰混凝土,对采用强度等级52.5硅酸盐水泥配制大掺量粉煤灰混凝土、不掺粉煤灰混凝土以及强度等级42.5普通硅酸盐水泥配制的混凝土进行混凝土力学性能、长期性能、耐久性和绝热温升试验,绘制相应的曲线,以验证采用强度等级52.5硅酸盐水泥配制大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的可行性。     

大掺量粉煤灰高性能混凝土的试验研究

通过利用大掺量优质粉煤灰材料来配制高性能混凝土的技术路线,进行大掺量粉煤灰高性能混凝土的配制技术、物理力学性能和耐久性能的试验研究，并对其经济、社会、技术效益作以分析。     

大掺量粉煤灰商品混凝土应用研究

研究了大掺量粉煤灰灰商品混凝土的应用技术 ,并成功地配制出大掺量粉煤灰商品混凝土     

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的工程应用

本文研究了采用超量取代法配制大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的工程应用技术。从混凝土配合比设计、施工质量控制等几个方面进行了分析研究,并对大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的和易性、强度、抗渗性等进行了检验,实际工程应用证实大掺量粉煤灰混凝土在工程应用技术上是切实可行的。     

高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土耐久性试验研究

试验研究了早强剂掺量、水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土耐久性的影响。正交试验结果表明,高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土抗渗性的最主要影响因素为粉煤灰掺量,其次为水胶比及早强剂;高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土抗碳化性能和抗冻性能的最主要影响因素为粉煤灰掺量,其次为早强剂掺量及水胶比。通过正交设计可以得出满足混凝土耐久性的配合比设计方法。     

高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土配合比设计试验研究

试验研究了早强剂掺量、水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度的影响。正交试验结果表明,高流动性大掺量粉煤灰混凝土7d抗压强度的最主要影响因素为粉煤灰掺量,其次为早强剂掺量及水胶比;28d和90d抗压强度的最主要影响因素为粉煤灰掺量,其次为水胶比及早强剂掺量。通过正交设计可以得出高流动性大掺量分粉煤灰混凝土的配合比设计方法。     

大掺量粉煤灰海工混凝土在金塘大桥灌注桩中的应用

针对金塘大桥海工混凝土所处环境的特点,采用大掺量粉煤灰配制灌注桩海工混凝土.试验结果表明,大掺量粉煤灰海工混凝土的工作性、力学性能良好,所确定的配合比使混凝土既能满足耐久性要求,又能满足低成本要求,在金塘大桥工程施工中得到比较成功的应用     

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土早期性能的改善

研制和实际应用大掺量粉煤灰混凝土是发展绿色高性能混凝土的一个重要方面,本文通过试验研究了大掺量粉煤灰替代水泥（替代率高达５０％）后对混凝土强度发展的影响规律,认为改善早期性能是开发和使用大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的关键。试验结果表明,采取复合掺加活性激发剂ＡＶ的措施,可不同程度地提高大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的早期强度。解释了ＡＶ对大掺量粉煤灰混凝土早期性能的改善机理。     

大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土配合比试验研究

试验研究了水胶比、粉煤灰掺量和再生粗骨料取代率对大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土抗压强度的影响。正交试验结果表明,大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土7d、14d、28d、56d、90d抗压强度的最主要影响因素为粉煤灰掺量,其次为水胶比及再生粗骨料取代率,通过正交设计可以得出大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土的配合比设计方法。     

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土强度的多因素计算模型研究

现行大掺量粉煤灰混凝土强度计算模型往往建立于单一批次试验结果基础上,试验样本的因素水平覆盖范围较小,导致模型的适用范围受到影响.为此,本研究广泛搜集国内外大掺量粉煤灰混凝土强度的试验研究结果,建立了试验数据库,并通过因素分析和回归分析研究建立了大掺量粉煤灰混凝土强度的多因素计算模型.首先分析了粉煤灰混凝土强度的主要影响因素及其影响规律,确定了粉煤灰混凝土强度的多元函数表达式.然后通过搜集大量不同地域不同课题组的试验数据建立粉煤灰混凝土强度试验数据库.进而,结合非线性最小二乘法研究建立了大掺量粉煤灰混凝土强度的多因素计算模型.通过与试验数据和现有模型进行对比分析,验证了本文模型的适用性及有效性.研究表明,行标JGJ 55-2011提供的粉煤灰混凝土强度计算模型不适用于大掺量粉煤灰混凝土.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.