浅埋大跨度连拱隧道地震反应分析

在动态有限元理论的基础上,对浅埋大跨度连拱隧道进行地震反应分析.通过工程分析,求解浅埋大跨度连拱隧道地震反应的结构内力,与单拱隧道内力进行对比分析.研究结果表明：连拱隧道中隔墙上部在地震力作用下最大位移、速度、加速度响应值分别为0.107 m,0.580 m/s和4.297 m/s^2,比同烈度下单拱隧道的地震反应值大得多;浅埋连拱隧道洞顶以及中隔墙上部是抗震的薄弱环节,也是拉应力集中区;隧道边墙是压应力集中区;与单拱隧道相比,连拱隧道的抗震能力较弱.     

普光天然气管道悬索桥地震时程反应研究

为研究普光天然气管道悬索桥动力性能,完成了在天津波作用下的单向和三向一致激励地震时程反应计算。结果表明,在横向地震波激励下,普光天然气管道悬索桥的地震响应主要表现为桥身的横漂和桥塔的横桥向振动,顺桥向和竖向振动效应很小。在顺桥向地震波激励下,悬索桥的各个部位的位移和应力都明显比横桥向地震波激励下的位移小。在竖向地震波激励下,悬索桥的地震响应主要表现为桥身和桥塔的竖向振动,顺桥向和横桥向振动效应很小。对于桥身结构,横桥向的地震波所产生的震害最大,其次为竖向的地震波,顺桥向的地震波所产生的震害最小。对于主塔结构,顺桥向地震波激励下其位移时程曲线波动最大,但顺桥向地震波激励下的主塔应力时程曲线低于横桥向的地震波激励下的应力时程曲线。     

地震作用对钢桁梁桥车桥系统耦合振动的影响分析

为了研究地震对车桥系统耦合振动的影响,采用最小二乘法对地震加速度进行校正拟合,消除位移时程因直接对加速度时程积分出现的漂移现象。根据弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成矩阵的对号入座法则,将轨道不平顺作为系统的自激激励源,地震作为外部激励,建立考虑地震作用的车桥系统耦合振动方程。并以某钢桁梁桥为例,采用计算机模拟的方法,建立列车和桥梁动力分析的有限元模型,研究地震对车桥系统耦合振动的影响。研究结果表明:在地震作用下,桥梁的动力响应主要取决于地震力,横向地震波对车辆与桥梁的横向动力响应具有非常重要的影响;竖向地震波主要影响车桥系统的竖向振动,对横向振动影响很小;但是,竖向地震波对脱轨系数、轮重减载率、车体竖向加速度的影响较显著,因此,在评判桥上列车的运行安全性时必须考虑竖向地震波的影响。     

地震作用下大断面隧道衬砌结构的动力损伤特性

基于混凝土材料的动力损伤特性,建立了其弹塑性损伤本构模型,将该模型应用于强震区某大断面隧道工程,分析了不同地震波入射方向、地震波强度和围岩条件下隧道结构的地震响应与动力损伤规律,探讨了大断面隧道结构的地震损伤特性和破坏机理。研究结果表明：地震波垂直、水平两种入射条件下两者衬砌的压主应力、加速度响应形态相似,但水平入射条件下衬砌结构的应力、加速度响应相较于垂直入射条件更加剧烈;水平入射时衬砌的动力损伤远大于垂直入射时的动力损伤,且动力损伤主要集中于拱腰与墙脚处;围岩条件对隧道衬砌结构的拉主应力响应以及动力损伤有显著影响,V级围岩条件下衬砌结构的最大拉应力是IV级围岩下的5.7倍;隧道结构的地震响应与动力损伤特性也受地震波强度的影响,随着地震波强度增大,应力、加速度响应峰值以及最大动力损伤量均呈现非线性增大趋势,动力损伤随之加剧且由拱腰和墙脚处逐渐向外扩展;在强震区软岩隧道抗震设计以及运营期间震后加固修复应着重注意动力损伤集中的部位。     

大跨度斜拉桥地震反应MR阻尼器半主动控制

应用新研制的MRF-04K型磁流变阻尼器对大跨度斜拉桥的地震反应实施半主动控制．建立了多点不同步地震激励下大跨度斜拉桥MR阻尼器控制的运动方程，采用子空间模态分析法建立了适合大跨度斜拉桥地震反应控制分析的瞬时最优控制算法，数值仿真结果表明，不同地震波激励下斜拉桥的反应幅值相差很大，且在天津波激励下的反应幅值最大，说明大跨度斜拉桥的地震反应对地震波的频谱特性十分敏感；当受El—Centro波激励时，主跨跨中顺桥向位移幅值降低57．0％，塔顶顺桥向位移幅值降低67．5％，主跨跨中竖向位移增大28．3％；行波效应对斜拉桥地震反应的控制效果影响明显，其中主跨跨中和塔顶顺桥向位移响应更加减小，而主跨跨中竖向位移会有所增加．     

K5H11[WO2（PW9O34）2]·33H2O和K6Na2H2[Ni4（H2O）2（PW9O34）2]·23H2O的合成与表征

在常规条件下合成了2种具有一维链状结构的多金属钨酸盐K5H11[WO2（PW9O34）2]·33H2O（1）和K6Na2H2[Ni4（H2O）2（PW9O34）2]·23H2O（2）．采用X射线单晶结构分析、元素分析和红外光谱对其进行了表征．结果表明：化合物1属于正交晶系,Fddd空间群;晶胞参数a=2．9063nm,b=3．1790nm,c=3．9148nm,α=90．00°,β=90．00°γ=90．00°,V：36．1940nm^3,Z=2,R1=0．0706,ωR2=0．1621．化合物2属于单斜晶系,P2（1）／n空间群;晶胞参数a=1．1916nm,b=1．6547nm,C=2．1211nm,α=90．00°,β=100．66°,γ=90．00°,V=4．1098nm^3,Z=16,R1=0．0638,ωR2=0．1432．     

耦合地震作用下阶梯型边坡的动力响应与稳定性分析

对某阶梯型多土层边坡,采用原始记录的EI centro水平、竖向地震波作为地震动输入条件,引入位移、速度、加速度等3量的放大系数对边坡坡面的动力响应特性进行描述,并进行动力稳定性分析.计算结果表明:在地震作用下,边坡坡面质点的位移、速度随高程的增加呈增大的趋势,而加速度随高程的增加呈不规则变化;耦合地震作用下的动力响应比水平地震更为剧烈;在耦合地震作用下,坡面质点的水平三量峰值与竖向三量峰值之比的大小顺序为:速度(3.59)位移(2.66)加速度(2.20);采用两种动力稳定性分析方法计算的安全系数大致相同,计算结果相差在5%以内,且耦合地震作用下的安全系数要略小于水平地震作用下的安全系数,说明在工程上需要考虑耦合地震的影响.     

地下水条件下平行双隧道对场地地震反应影响的分析

通过有限元方法建立含有地下水及平行双隧道结构的场地模型,在模型底部输入水平地震波,分析场地表面在均匀土和层状土两种场地条件下的加速度变化规律。研究结果表明:隧道间距大小对地面的地震反应不是单纯的放大或缩小作用,而是影响地表加速度峰值的出现位置;地下水与地下结构的存在使地表不同位置呈现不同的反映情况,且层状土场地的放大效应比均匀土要大;双隧道对地震波的反射叠加作用,场地表面产生竖向加速度,其中隧道内侧的竖向加速度要大于隧道外侧,隧道外侧的竖向加速度要大于隧道上方的竖向加速度。     

钢筋混凝土框筒结构振动台试验研究

本文通过几何比例为1：20的15层钢筋混凝土框筒结构的一系列振动台试验，分析了框筒结构的自振频率和振型的变化规律，研究了在单向(水平或竖向)和双向(水平与竖向)地震作用下的框筒结构的动力反应及其破坏饥理，着重探讨了竖向地震对框筒结构地震反应的影响．实验结果表明，在弹性范围内，框筒结构在水平和竖向地震波作用下，当水平地震波保持不变时，结构的竖向加速度反应随竖向地震波量级的增大而增大，而水平位移和水平加速度反应保持不变．竖向地震是引起结构破坏的主要因素之一，因此在设计时应考虑竖向地震的作用．     

地震作用下沉管隧道节段接头剪力键的力学性能

基于有限元法结合黏弹性人工边界，将地震波输入转化为等效节点力，建立了基于波动理论的三维平面SV波入射方法.半空间算例证明了SV波入射方法及其数值实现的准确性，并在该地震波输入方法的基础上，考虑上覆海水对沉管隧道的静、动水压力，研究了港珠澳大桥沉管隧道节段接头剪力键的力学性能.研究结果表明:水平地震作用下也会产生竖向加速度，但竖向加速度值较小；地震作用下剪力键受力最大的是压应力，拉应力相对较小；剪力键拉应力主要集中在剪力键与沉管主体连接的部位，该处易产生拉伸裂缝，水平剪力键的破坏形式主要是拉伸破坏；接头剪力键的布设方向决定了剪力键根部的剪力分布，绝大部分剪力被布设方向和节段位移方向相一致的剪力键所承担.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.