响应面法酶解剩余活性污泥中微生物蛋白质研究

从剩余活性污泥中提取及分解蛋白质是有效减少污泥二次污染的重要途径．以剩余活性污泥为原料,采用酶解法分解蛋白质,分析了体系ｐＨ值、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶用量、液固比对蛋白质分解率的影响,并应用响应面分析法优化蛋白质分解条件．结果表明:以蛋白质分解率为响应值,经实验后最终确定最优条件为:pH为7.0,液固比4.0:1.0,酶解时间为4.0h,酶解温度为58.0℃,酶用量（E:S）为3.0%,分解率达53.29%,接近响应面模型所预测的分解率．     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取葵花籽粕中绿原酸

在单因素实验的基础上,运用DesignExpert7．0．0数据统计分析软件,采用二次正交旋转组合设计分析方法,建立以乙醇溶液为提取溶剂,微波辅助提取葵花籽粕中绿原酸的二次回归模型．以绿原酸得率为响应值作响应面,得到最优工艺条件为：液料比（mL：g）31,乙醇体积分数70％,微波功率495W,微波时间30S,提取温度60℃．在此条件下,绿原酸的得率为14．47mg／g．     

酶法提取积雪草苷

采用酶法提取积雪草中的积雪草苷,对酶的种类、用量、积雪草与溶剂水的料液质量比、酶解液初始pH、酶解温度、酶解时间等因素进行了考察,结合正交实验设计筛选出酶解最优工艺参数,并将酶法提取结果与其他方法比较.研究结果表明,优化的提取条件为纤维素酶与底物积雪草质量比m(E)∶m(S)=1∶50,料液质量比为(积雪草与溶剂水的质量比)1∶25,pH 6.0,酶解温度40 ℃,酶解时间1.5 h.与传统提取方法相比,酶法提取速率快,工艺条件温和,得率高,是一种良好的提取方法.     

酶法水解乳清蛋白过程的优化

以浓缩乳清蛋白为原料，选择碱性蛋白酶（Alcalase）水解乳清蛋白。分析了pH、温度、酶和底物比（E／S）和反应时间等因素对乳清蛋白水解的影响。通过响应面法分析，确定了碱性蛋白酶（Alcalase）酶解乳清蛋白的最佳水解条件为：pH8．5、反应温度55℃、酶和底物比0．05。水解3．0h，水解度为19．34％。     

虾类加工副产物酶解工艺初探

为了提高虾类资源利用率以及加工副产物的风味,采用酶法水解技术对影响虾类加工副产物酶解程度的各个因素进行了研究,包括酶制剂及其用量、固液比、酶解时间、酶解温度和pH。通过一系列单因素实验和对酶用量、酶解时间、酶解温度的正交试验确定了最佳酶解条件。结果表明:最适酶制剂为由中性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶复合而成的复合酶;酶用量分别为中性蛋白酶1 000 U/g,风味蛋白酶1 000 U/g;固液比为1:5,其中固体为20 g;最适合的酶解温度:第一段酶解为55℃,第二段酶解为50℃;酶解时间:第一段酶解为1 h,第二段酶解为3 h;最适pH为7.0。     

鳙鱼活性多肽酶法制备工艺研究

为优化鳙鱼活性多肽酶法制备工艺,分析了鳙鱼肉糜预处理温度和酶解温度对水解度的影响,确定了最佳的预处理条件为85℃水浴中加热预处理20 min,酶解温度设为55～75℃.经均匀设计实验优选和最优条件验证实验证实,以氮溶指数为指标的最优酶解条件为:酶解时间8.0 h,固液比1∶4.25,蛋白酶A用量3‰,酶解温度75℃,产物氮溶指数达80.54%;以多肽得率为指标的最优酶解条件为:酶解时间8.0 h,固液比1∶2,蛋白酶A用量3‰,酶解温度75℃,产物多肽得率达11.92%;以产物总抗氧化指数为指标的最优酶解条件为:酶解时间1.0 h,固液比1∶6,蛋白酶A用量3‰,酶解温度55℃,所得产物总抗氧化指数达87.42‰.     

复合酶法优化毛竹笋壳多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为研究复合酶法提取毛竹笋壳多糖的最优工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,以多糖得率为响应值,利用响应面优化法对酶添加量、酶解时间和酶解温度进行优化,以确定其最佳工艺条件。用Sevag试剂法对提取的多糖进行纯化,并对其单糖组成、抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,复合酶法提取毛竹笋壳多糖的最优工艺参数为:复合酶添加量1.6%,酶解时间105 min,酶解温度51℃。在最优条件下多糖得率为1.98%,与模型预测值的相对误差为2.94%。主要单糖组分半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖的摩尔比为15.35∶32.82∶6.45∶39.13。采用体外抗氧化体系评价毛竹笋壳多糖的抗氧化效果,发现其具有良好的抗氧化活性,清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的能力均表现出一定剂量效应。     

紫萁干可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺优化

利用响应面法对紫萁干可溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺进行优化。通过单因素实验,选取料液质量浓度、提取温度、超声时间、超声功率作为响应因子,SDF的得率为响应值,根据Central-Composite实验设计原则,采用响应面优化分析法,依据回归分析,探讨各响应因子的显著性及其交互作用对于响应值的影响。结果表明,紫萁干SDF最佳提取工艺条件为NaOH质量浓度0.02g/mL、碱解时间90min、料液质量浓度1.0g/23mL、提取温度54℃、超声时间25min、超声功率380W,该条件下SDF的得率可达38.39%。     

枸杞渣酶解糖化条件优化

为了合理利用枸杞提取多糖后的残渣，本研究以枸杞渣为原料，通过单因素及响应面试验，分析液料比，复合酶比例，复合酶添加量，酶解时间，酶解温度，pH对枸杞渣还原糖得率的影响，确定最佳酶解工艺。结果表明：枸杞渣酶解的最佳条件为液料比5∶1,复合酶比例1∶4,复合酶添加量2.0 mL,酶解时间3 h,酶解温度63℃,pH 4.5。在该优化条件下，枸杞渣还原糖得率为(68.54±0.09)%,与模型预测值68.83%接近，该模型可用于优化枸杞渣酶解糖化条件。     

用响应面法优化酶水解法制备葵花盘小分子肽

为提取并利用葵花盘中具有降尿酸和溶解痛风石作用的小分子肽, 以小分子肽得率为指标, 通过酶水解法优化提取条件, 确定碱性蛋白酶为最理想的酶. 通过单因素实验考察料液比、 时间、 温度、 pH值和加酶量对小分子肽得率的影响, 利用响应面Box-Behnken实验, 优化酶水解法提取葵花盘小分子肽的工艺, 得到其最佳工艺条件为： 加入碱性蛋白酶, m(料)∶V(液)=1∶15, 酶的用量为2%, pH=9.0, 温度为55 ℃, 时间为2 h, 葵花盘小分子肽的得率最高为(42.41±0.01)%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.