红外通信在智能人工腿系统中的实现

CIP-I Leg是国内首个智能仿生人工腿原型机;首先讨论了MSP430型单片机和CIP-I Leg的基本结构,然后介绍了该人工腿步速测量系统的设计方案,包括步速调整原理、控制系统结构、针阀开度值的设置方法,最后重点详细地叙述了CIP-I智能仿生人工腿中手持控制系统的软硬件设计,并结合其设计实例,实现了一种用MSP430F149flash型单片机和红外遥控技术实现的近距离无线通信系统,给出了相关电路原理图和程序流程图;实验结果表明,所设计的手持控制系统运行可靠,功耗较小,能够很好地实现预期的功能.     

CIP-I智能仿生人工腿步速测量系统研究与设计

CIP—I Leg是国内首个智能仿生人工腿原型机,首先介绍了CIP—I Leg的基本结构,然后重点介绍了该人工腿步速测量系统的设计方案,包括步速调整原理、控制系统结构、针阀开度值的设置方法以及步速测量系统硬件和软件设计等;提出了一种新的步速测量方法,即通过测量人工腿一个完整的步行周期,用步行周期的长短来反映步行速度的快慢;实验结果表明,所设计的步速测量系统精度高,实时性好,功耗低,能非常可靠地检测出CIP—I Leg的步行速度。     

CIP-Ⅰ智能仿生人工腿步速测量系统研究与设计

CIP-Ⅰ Leg是国内首个智能仿生人工腿原型机，首先介绍了CIP-Ⅰ Leg的基本结构，然后重点介绍了该人工腿步速测量系统的设计方案，包括步速调整原理、控制系统结构、针阀开度值的设置方法以及步速测量系统硬件和软件设计等；提出了一种新的步速测量方法，即通过测量人工腿一个完整的步行周期，用步行周期的长短来反映步行速度的快慢；实验结果表明，所设计的步速测量系统精度高，实时性好，功耗低，能非常可靠地检测出CIP-Ⅰ Leg的步行速度。     

智能仿生人工腿位置伺服控制系统的设计

CIP-I Leg是国内首个智能仿生人工腿原型机;针对智能仿生人工腿应能模仿人体健康腿的运动方式且步行速度可自然、随意地跟随截肢者步行速度的变化而变化的显著特点,同时考虑到高精度、低功耗和人工腿内缸体积小3个基本因素,采用TI公司的新型超低功耗微处理器MSP430F149,设计出一种基于非线性PID控制的人工腿位置伺服控制系统的结构;实验结果表明,所设计的伺服控制系统运行可靠,实时性好,功耗低,精度高,可以有效地用于CIP-I Leg的步行走控制.     

步态相位识别技术在人工腿设计中的应用研究

对国内首个智能仿生人工腿原型机CIP-I Leg的基本结构及工作原理进行简要的介绍,接着介绍了智能人工腿摆动相模糊控制系统的整体设计方案;文中对健康腿的步态从单足和双足两个角度进行分析,提出基于人工腿的步态识别方案,并详细介绍了人工腿步态识别的具体实现方法;步态信息通过膝关节处的霍尔传感器和脚底的压力传感器获取,并给出了霍尔传感器和压力传感器的信号的硬件处理电路及软件流程图;实验结果表明,系统能够可靠地检测出步态相位信息,并取得了预期的效果.     

智能仿生人工腿CIP-I Leg性能仿真评估研究

该文对智能仿生人工腿（IBAL）--CIP-I Leg的结构进行了简单介绍，并提出了一全新的IBAL设计、仿真评估体系。依照该体系。建立了新型二级差动气缸的动力学模型，并利用三维造型技术和虚拟样机技术建立了CIP-I Leg与人体大腿残肢的虚拟样机模型。在分析正常人的步态数据基础上。对模型髋关节施加了预定轨迹并对大腿残肢进行运动规划。通过将针阀的最大垂直位移平分10档进行一组设计研究，初步完成了该虚拟样机模型在摆动相的运动学、动力学仿真分析。仿真结果表明，CIP-I Leg在摆动相期间具有良好的运动学及动力学性能；该虚拟样机模型能初步实现CIP-I Leg的仿真性能评估.     

基于模糊PID控制的人工腿位置伺服系统设计与仿真

智能人工腿是机器人学和生物医学领域一个备受关注的研究课题,以前研制的智能人工腿,其汽缸内针阀开度的控制都是采用步进电机所构成的开环系统,位置精度不高,在本文中,我们将设计一个具有位置的速度反馈的闭环控制系统并引入基于Fuzzy推理的整顿PID控制策略,以提高控制系统的智能性,鲁棒性,快速性和准确性。本文首先概述了智能人工腿的控制原理和TMS320F240数字信号处理器（DSP）的主要特点,其次设计了一种基于Fuzzy-PID的直流电机位置伺服控制系统的结构,最后对该位置伺服系统进行了计算机仿真,结果表明,本文所提出的设计方法是正确的,可行的,可以有效地用于智能人工腿的行走控制。     

假肢膝关节随动控制系统研究与设计

介绍了基于假肢膝关节的跟随健康腿运动控制系统的设计;为了使智能型膝关节能够较好地跟随健康腿运动;根据假肢膝关节结构、工作原理,设计了假肢膝关节步态随动控制软硬件系统,采用了模糊PID控制算法以闭环的方式对系统进行控制;实验中的各个控制器参数能够随偏差信号的变化而变化,适应能力强,效果好;模糊PID控制算法的效果明显,验证了控制算法的可行性和系统良好的跟随性能,为步态跟随的实现提供了保障.     

国内外人工腿(假肢)研究的进展及发展趋势

人工腿(假肢)一直是机器人学和生物医学工程领域 的一个前沿性研究课题．在这方面的研究中,英、日两国于90年代中期研制成功的智能型 人工腿反映了该研究的最新进展．本文共分五个部分,第一部分是引言;第二部分重点介绍 国外在90年代初以前人工腿的研究概况;第三部分重点介绍国外从90年代初至今人工腿 的研究概况,特别是智能人工腿的研究情况;第四部分重点介绍国内人工腿的研究现状;最 后一部分介绍人工腿研究的发展趋势．     

污水外输自动化控制系统的设计与应用

针对油田联合站污水岗工人的劳动强度大、工作环境差等问题,设计了污水外输自动化控制系统,此系统通过改变抽水电动机给定频率,从而改变排水速率,把缓冲罐内污水液位稳定在许可范围之内;介绍了此系统的具体实现过程,详细阐述了自动化控制系统结构、硬件设计、通讯方式的构成以及软件设计思想;在计算机管理软件人工配置系统参数后,深入剖析了智能控制终端进行的自动调控算法过程;此系统减轻了工人的劳动强度,通过远程管理、遥控指挥现场可无人值守,提高了联合站的自动化程度,保证生产更安全经济有效进行.     

Design of a quadruped walking vehicle for dynamic walking and stair climbing

This paper discusses the design of a quadruped walking vehicle for walking dynamically at high speed and climbing ordinary stairs (30-40°). To realize these requests, new mechanisms are introduced, which are (1) a prismatic joint leg that does not interfere with the steps of a staircase and which performs a cylindrical coordinate motion with good energy efficiency, (2) an articulated body structure having a node that copes with a steep staircase, (3) a dual mode transmission system which can swing a leg with high speed and can generate a large supporting force, and (4) a non-linear type foot force sensor having a wide dynamic range. The effectiveness of these considerations is verified by walking experiments using the trial-manufactured TITAN VI.     

Hardware design and gait generation of humanoid soccer robot Stepper-3D

This paper presents the hardware design and gait generation of humanoid soccer robot Stepper-3D. Virtual Slope Walking, inspired by Passive Dynamic Walking, is introduced for gait generation. In Virtual Slope Walking, by actively extending the stance leg and shortening the swing leg, the robot walks on level ground as it walks down a virtual slope. In practical, Virtual Slope Walking is generated by connecting three key frames in the sagittal plane with sinusoids. Aiming for improving the walking stability, the parallel double crank mechanism are adopted in the leg structure. Experimental results show that Stepper-3D achieves a fast forward walking speed of 0.5 m/s and accomplishes omnidirectional walking. Stepper-3D performed fast and stable walking in the RoboCup 2008 Humanoid competitions.     

High-speed and energy-efficient biped locomotion based on Virtual Slope Walking

In our previous work, we have presented results on Virtual Slope Walking, that is when a robot walks on level ground down a virtual slope by leg length modulation, based on the potential energy restoration in Passive Dynamic Walking. In this paper, we introduce the model of Virtual Slope Walking with Trajectory Leg Extension (TLE) and equivalent Instantaneous Leg Extension (ILE) under the Equivalent Definition. The analytic solution of the model’s fixed point is obtained to analyze the essence of Virtual Slope Walking. We systematically investigate the characteristics and illustrate the effect of model parameters: the length-shortening ratio β, the equivalent extension angle q^*_II\theta^{*}_{\mathrm{II}}, and the inter-leg angle ϕ ₀. We examine the energy efficiency and walking speed to demonstrate that Virtual Slope Walking is effective in generating high speed and energy-efficient walking. The high energy efficiency of the proposed model is theoretically confirmed. And the fast walking is validated by the experiments of a planar biped robot Stepper-2D, which achieves a sufficiently fast relative speed of 4.48 leg/s.     

Gait planning and intelligent control for a quadruped robot

We present a method for designing free gaits for a structurally symmetrical quadruped robot capable of performing statically stable, omnidirectional walking on irregular terrain. The robot＇s virtual model is constructed and a control algorithm is proposed by applying virtual components at some strategic locations. The deliberative-based controller can generate flexible sequences of leg transferences while maintaining walking speed, and choose optimum foothold for moving leg based on integration data of exteroceptive terrain profile. Simulation results are presented to show the gait＇s efficiency and system＇s stability in adapting to an uncertain terrain.     

On Finding the Relevant Dynamics for Model-Based Controlling Walking Robots

Leg dynamics are often ignored in the real-time control of walking robots because of the high gearing used in leg transmissions. However, the use of a gear reduction high enough to discount Coriolis and centripetal components yields additional non-desired dynamics, which are friction, backlash and elasticity. In such cases, simplifying robot dynamics without considering the effect of gear dynamics leads to unavoidable errors. In order to make dynamic equations reflect the reality of the physical system, it is of paramount importance to model the most significant effects acting on the system. Robot dynamics could then be analyzed and related to trajectory parameters for motion-control purposes. In this paper, a method to derive the dynamics of a robot leg as a function of leg-trajectory parameters is proposed. The method experimentally finds the simplified equations of motion that reflect the reality of the physical system. The resulting model is an accurate and simple representation of the system dynamics, taking into account the most relevant dynamics affecting the system. The simplification of the model allows it to be used in a real-time dynamic-control system.     

Integration of posture and rhythmic motion controls in quadrupedal dynamic walking using phase modulations based on leg loading/unloading

In this paper, we intend to show the basis of a general legged locomotion controller with the ability to integrate both posture and rhythmic motion controls and shift continuously from one control method to the other according to the walking speed. The rhythmic motion of each leg in the sagittal plane is generated by a single leg controller which controls the swing-to-stance and stance-to-swing phase transitions using respectively leg loading and unloading information. Since rolling motion induced by inverted pendulum motion during the two-legged stance phases results in the transfer of the load between the contralateral legs, leg loading/unloading involves posture information in the frontal plane. As a result of the phase modulations based on leg loading/unloading, rhythmic motion of each leg is achieved and inter-leg coordination (resulting in a gait) emerges, even without explicit coordination amongst the leg controllers, allowing to realize dynamic walking in the low- to medium-speed range. We show that the proposed method has resistance ability against lateral perturbations to some extent, but that an additional ascending coordination mechanism between ipsilateral legs is necessary to withstand perturbations decreasing the rolling motion amplitude. Even without stepping reflex using vestibular information, our control system, relying on phase modulations based on leg loading/unloading and the ascending coordination mechanism between ipsilateral legs, enables low speed dynamic walking on uneven terrain with long cyclic period, which was not realized in our former studies. Details of trajectory generation, movies of simulations and movies of preliminary experiments using a real robot are available at: http://robotics.mech.kit.ac.jp/kotetsu/.     

Motion support during the swing phase using cooperative walking support system

Walking support systems have been developed for supporting the motion of the elderly and physically disabled. In this research, we propose a walking support system based on the cooperation between wearable-type and cane-type walking support systems for supporting hemiplegic patients with disabilities. The system is controlled based on the intended motion of the user, their state and environmental information. In this system, we aim to realize several functions for supporting the daily life of the user by cooperatively controlling each walking support systems including walking support, sit-to-stand assistance, navigation, fall prevention and so on. As the first step to build this system, we focus on the walking support in this paper. For realizing the walking support, we propose a wearable-type walking support system that assists leg motion during the swing phase based on the motion of a cane-type walking support system moved by the user.     

ISP技术和双端RAM在开发高性能运动控制器中的研究

文章针对开发基于工业PC的国产高性能运动控制器,提出了采用ISP技术和双端RAM实现软件升级硬件和双CPU间高速数据交换。该系统结构解决了传统运动控制器执行速度慢,体积大、结构固定,硬件无法实现升级;用户的动态变量无法在线下载的缺点;从开发过程和使用效果来看:该设计有效缩短了开发周期,提高了数控系统硬件的质量,提出了运动控制器的新概念,运行结果表明系统完全达到了设计要求。