Mg/Al水滑石对腐殖酸的去除性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了 Mg/Al 水滑石,并在不同温度下煅烧。探究了煅烧温度、材料投加量、pH 值、腐殖酸初始浓度对水滑石去除腐殖酸的影响。结果表明,当金属物质的量比为3的 Mg/Al 水滑石投加量为0.5 g/L, pH 值为8.5,温度为25℃时,水滑石对10 mg/L 的腐殖酸的去除率能达到96.64%,此时,水滑石的饱和吸附量为19.33 mg/g。Mg/Al 水滑石经3次再生后,对腐殖酸的去除率仍然高达95%以上,表明 Mg/Al 水滑石的可重用性好。     

纳米水滑石的结构表征及其对氯离子的吸附性能

以天然菱镁矿为原料,采用尿素法制备纳米Mg-Zn-Al水滑石(LDH)、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石,采用XRD、SEM、N2吸附-脱附对水滑石的结构特征、晶粒尺寸进行表征,并利用水滑石的层间阴离子交换性及结构"记忆效应",来研究焙烧态水滑石(CLDH)对溶液中氯离子的吸附性能。结果表明:Zn-Mg-Al-LDH结晶度比Mg-Al-LDH、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe-LDH高,同时Zn-Mg-Al-LDH的粒径非常均匀,尺寸在20nm左右,为层片状结构,而且其晶体结构呈现花瓣状结构;在Mg-Al-CLDH中,随着n(Mg/Al)的增加,溶液中Cl~-的去除率逐渐提高,且在n(Mg/Al)=4时去除率最大,为85.96%;当n(M~(2+)/M~(3+))固定为2时,Zn-Mg-Al-CLDH对Cl~-的去除率要比Mg-Al-CLDH对Cl~-的去除率高13.25%,但Zn-Mg-Al-Fe-CLDH的去除率却比Mg-Al-CLDH低32.53%;焙烧态水滑石n(Zn/Mg/Al)=1∶1∶1时,有较大的比表面积837.183m~2/g,较大的孔容为0.496cc/g,其相应吸附能力也较大。     

二元金属类水滑石的合成及其作为前驱体对NOx的吸附性能研究

用共沉淀法合成了多种二元金属类水滑石化合物,对其进行了XRD、IR表征,并测试了焙烧产物对NOx的吸附性能.结果表明,合成的样品都具有典型的水滑石层状结构;二元金属类水滑石化合物MAl-HTlcs(M=Cu,Mg,Zn,Co,Ni)对NOx均具有良好的吸附性能,其中锌铝型类水滑石(摩尔比Zn/Al=3)对NOx的吸附速率及饱和吸附量最大,饱和吸附量为1851mg/g.     

NiMgAl类水滑石制备条件研究

采用共沉淀法合成了不同摩尔投料比的NiMgAl类水滑石化合物.测定了Ni、Mg、Al单盐以及不同摩尔比的混合硝酸盐溶液的滴定曲线,考察了加料方式、晶化温度、晶化时间、原料配比对类水滑石合成的影响.通过XRD、IR对合成物进行表征,结果表明,在恒定pH值为8～9,n(Mg Ni)/n(Al)=1～3,n(Mg)/n(Ni)=8～16,晶化温度为65℃,晶化时间6h的条件下即得到晶相单=的NiMgAl-HTLcs;随n(Mg Ni)/n(Al)的增加,类水滑石结构的规整性提高,n(Mg)/n(Ni)比增加,层间距略有减小.     

镁铝铜水滑石的合成、表征及性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了不同摩尔投料(Mg/Al/Cu)的碳酸根型水滑石，用X-射线、红外光谱、热重．差热分析对水滑石进行了表征，测定对NOx的吸附性能。结果表明，Mg/Al/Cu摩尔比为2．5：1：0．5，2：1：1，1：1：2时合成的复合氧化物中都具有“feitknecht”结构。热重-差热分析结果显示合成样品的分解均有两个过程，掺入铜量少，热稳定性高。Mg/Al/Cu为2．5：1：0．5的水滑石对氮氧化物的吸附容量为1484．4mg/g。     

纳米水滑石结构表征及其对氯离子吸附性能

以天然菱镁矿为原料,采用尿素法制备纳米Mg-Zn-Al水滑石、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石,用XRD、SEM对水滑石的结构特征、晶粒尺寸进行表征,并利用水滑石的层间阴离子交换性及结构“记忆效应”,来研究焙烧态水滑石对溶液中氯离子的吸附性能.结果表明:Zn-Mg-Al水滑石的结晶度比Mg-Al水滑石、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石的高,同时Zn-Mg-Al水滑石的粒径非常均匀,尺寸在20 nm左右,为层片状结构,而且其晶体形貌呈现花瓣状结构;在Mg-Al水滑石中,随着n(Mg)∶n(Al)的增加,溶液中Cl-的去除率逐渐提高,且在n(Mg)∶n(Al) =4时去除率最大,为85.96％;当n(M2+)∶n(M3+)固定为2时,Zn-Mg-Al水滑石对Cl-的去除率要比Mg-Al水滑石对Cl-的去除率高13.25％,但Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石对Cl-的去除率却比Mg-Al水滑石低32.53％.     

二维层状磁性镁铝水滑石的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法将磁性基质与镁铝水滑石组装制备二维层状磁性镁铝水滑石,考察了在一定的pH值、沉淀生成温度及陈化时间下,不同n(Mg2 )/n(Al3 ),n(Fe2 )/n(Mg2 )比值及焙烧温度对合成磁性镁铝水滑石结构的影响,并借助HRTEM、XRD、VSM、TG-DSC、FT-IR等手段对其晶型结构、磁学性能及结晶度等进行表征,结果表明镁铝水滑石在赋予磁性后,并没有改变其典型的层状结构,证实了将磁性基质与层状材料组装合成的可行性.     

钙铝和铁铝水滑石的制备及其吸附水中六价铬的性能

为寻找高效吸附水中六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))的水滑石功能材料,以水热法制备钙铝(CaAl-LDH)和铁铝水滑石(FeAlLDH) 2种吸附剂,通过X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和比表面积测定仪研究其结构和性质,采用批次平衡实验比较研究其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明:CaAl-LDH和FeAl-LDH具有水滑石的特征衍射峰和介孔结构,呈六边形片状,比表面积分别为8.746、159.5 m~2/g; 2种材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附速率较快,在30 min达到平衡,且吸附过程不受溶液pH值的影响,溶液中存在的常见阴离子对Cr(Ⅵ)影响较小;吸附动力学和等温线数据分别符合拟二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温线模型,CaAl-LDH和FeAl-LDH对Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量分别为34.92、51.31 g/kg。     

纳米晶镁铝水滑石结晶动力学

以尿素为沉淀剂制备纳米晶镁铝水滑石,其结晶生长机理与粒径无关.从相变驱动力、晶种与晶体形成、成核速率和晶体生长速率3个方面研究了纳米晶镁铝水滑石的结晶动力学,求出不同温度下成核速率、晶体生长速率及其相应的表观活化能,并确定其动力学模型.结果表明影响晶粒形成和生长的主要因素是晶化温度和反应物过饱和度.当x(Mg):x(Al)=3、晶化温度120℃、晶种Al(OH)3、晶种用量3.0%时可快速得到较好的层状纳米晶镁铝水滑石.     

纳米晶Mg-Al水滑石的水热合成及合成机理

讨论了不同的Mg、Al源为起始反应物、反应温度、时间和碱度对水热合成Mg-Al水滑石物相组成和晶粒度的影响. 用XRD、SEM对合成产物进行了表征, 用X射线全谱拟合法计算了Mg-Al水滑石晶粒度. 以MgO和Al(OH)₃为起始反应物, Mg/Al=2,在140℃反应4～10h, 可以制备出高结晶度的单相纳米晶Mg-Al水滑石. Mg-Al水滑石的形成机理可概括为: 水解反应-沉淀成核-晶粒长大. 反应物类型及合成条件会影响前驱物的水解速率和水解程度, 进而影响晶体成核和生长速率,控制物相的组成和晶粒度大小.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.