双子表面活性剂型页岩抑制剂的合成及性能

以二乙醇胺、溴代十二烷和二溴乙烷为原料,采用"两步法"合成了一种双子表面活性剂型小阳离子页岩抑制剂N,N'-乙撑双(十二烷基二羟乙基溴化铵)(Gemini-DHEDB),分别采用线性膨胀、页岩滚动回收和沉降稳定性实验对其抑制性进行了考察,结果表明:质量分数2%的Gemini-DHEDB溶液中钠基膨润土(Na-MMT)膨胀16 h后的线性膨胀高度和页岩滚动回收率分别为4.27 mm和52%,优于质量分数2%的二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(10.62 mm,31%)、四丁基溴化铵(9.41 mm,36%)和三甲基-2-羟乙基溴化铵(7.74 mm,41%)。沉降稳定实验中,淡水基浆沉淀完成时间大概是14 h,最终沉淀厚度大约为38 mm;添加有Gemini-DHEDB的基浆沉降时间缩短为1.2 h左右,最终的沉降高度约为45 mm。采用FIIR、XRD和SEM对Na-MMT/抑制剂复合材料微观结构进行了表征,结果表明:Gemini-DHEDB可与Na-MMT发生插层吸附并有效改变Na-MMT的微观形貌。     

一种小阳离子有机胺页岩抑制剂的合成及性能研究

以N-甲基二乙醇胺和溴乙烷为原料合成了甲基乙基二羟乙基溴化铵小阳离子有机胺页岩抑制剂。采用单因素法考查了N-甲基二乙醇胺和溴乙烷的摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对产率的影响,确立了最优反应条件:N-甲基二乙醇胺和溴乙烷摩尔比为1∶1.4,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为22 h。产物经红外光谱表征为目标产物。采用线性膨胀率实验、粒度分布实验、页岩滚动回收实验、X射线衍射等方法对甲基乙基二羟乙基溴化铵进行了抑制性能评价,结果表明其抑制性能良好。     

新型水基钻井液用页岩抑制剂LSM-2的合成及性能评价

采用水溶液聚合法,以小分子胺(HA-2)、丙烯基单体(HA-3)、环氧丙烷(PO)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料,合成了一种新型两性离子聚合物页岩抑制剂LSM-2,考察了该抑制剂对页岩滚动回收率、膨润土膨胀率、基浆粒度分布、泥页岩压入硬度及现场钻井液性能的影响。结果表明:合成的抑制剂LSM-2具有较好的抑制性能,当质量分数为2.0%时,泥页岩钻屑的滚动回收率能够达到90%以上,膨润土的16 h线性膨胀率降至10.9%,基浆颗粒比表面积比未加LSM-2时降低了87.5%,压入硬度保留率可以达到75%以上;LSM-2与现场钻井液体系的处理剂具有良好的配伍性,随着LSM-2质量分数的增加,体系流变性和滤失量变化较小,钻屑滚动回收率显著增大,能够较好地抑制钻屑的水化分散作用,提高了目标区块泥页岩储层段水基钻井液体系的抑制性。     

新型有机胺页岩抑制剂的合成及性能研究

用三乙醇胺和溴乙烷为原料合成了一种新型有机胺页岩抑制剂:三羟乙基乙基溴化铵。采用单因素法考察了三乙醇胺和溴乙烷的摩尔比例、反应温度和反应时间对产率的影响,确立了最优反应条件:三乙醇胺和溴乙烷摩尔比为1∶1.4,反应温度为55℃,反应时间为20 h。产物经红外光谱表征,证明为目标产物。采用线性膨胀率实验、粒度分布实验、页岩滚动回收实验等方法对三羟乙基乙基溴化铵进行了抑制性能评价,证明其抑制性能良好。     

新型有机胺页岩抑制剂的合成及性能研究

用三乙醇胺和溴乙烷为原料合成了一种新型有机胺页岩抑制剂:三羟乙基乙基溴化铵。采用单因素法考察了三乙醇胺和溴乙烷的摩尔比例、反应温度和反应时间对产率的影响,确立了最优反应条件:三乙醇胺和溴乙烷摩尔比为1∶1.4,反应温度为55℃,反应时间为20 h。产物经红外光谱表征,证明为目标产物。采用线性膨胀率实验、粒度分布实验、页岩滚动回收实验等方法对三羟乙基乙基溴化铵进行了抑制性能评价,证明其抑制性能良好。     

水溶性萘酰亚胺氢离子荧光分子探针的合成及性能

4 溴 1,8 萘酐与羟乙氧基乙胺反应合成了中间体N 羟乙氧基乙基 4 溴 1,8 萘酰亚胺。用该中间体分别与哌嗪、甲基哌嗪和羟乙基哌嗪反应 ,合成了 4 哌嗪基、4 (甲基哌嗪 )基和 4 (羟乙基哌嗪 )基 1,8 萘酰亚胺衍生物 (NP - 1、NP - 2和NP - 3)。这 3种化合物具有较好的水溶性 ,其水溶液的荧光强度随溶液由碱性到酸性变化 ,荧光强度增加在 5 0倍以上。NP - 1、NP - 2和NP - 3的pK′a值分别为 8 5、7 6和 6 7。     

1-(2-羟乙基)-4-(2-羟丙基)哌嗪基复合胺脱硫剂的合成与性能

以哌嗪(PZ)、环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丙烷(PO)为原料,以水为溶剂,PZ先与EO反应后中间产物再与PO反应合成1-(2-羟乙基)-4-(2-羟丙基)哌嗪基复合胺脱硫剂.在PZ初始浓度为0.1 g/mL H2O,PZ:EO:PO摩尔比为1:0.8:1.2,PZ与EO、PO的反应温度分别为35℃、25℃,中间产物与PO在反应时间为150 min的优化条件下,所得复合胺脱硫剂成分为1-(2-羟乙基)-4-(2-羟丙基)哌嗪、N,N′-二(2-羟丙基)哌嗪、N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪、N-(2-羟丙基)哌嗪、N,N′-二(2-羟乙基)哌嗪、N-(1-甲基-2-羟乙基)哌嗪和哌嗪,其对气体SO2的饱和吸收量为0.7218 mol/mol,解吸率为98.37％.     

一种含酯基不对称阳离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成

报道了一种含酯基不对称Gemini表面活性剂n-C12H25(CH3)2N+CH2CH2OCO2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2C16H33-n.2Br(Ⅰ)的合成。在丙酮溶液中,N,N-二甲基乙醇胺与光气反应得到二(N,N-二甲基胺基乙基)碳酸酯(Ⅱ),收率60%(以N,N-二甲基乙醇胺计);Ⅱ在丙酮中与1-溴代正十二烷反应,经石油醚处理,再用1-溴代正十六烷季铵盐化,经乙腈重结晶后,得白色固体产物Ⅰ,质量分数为99.4%,收率为50%(以1-溴代正十二烷计)。用电导率法测定其CMC=1.93×10-4mol/L。     

含荧光基团的膦基马丙共聚物及其制备方法——雷武，夏明珠，张跃华，等．CN1939945

本发明公开了一种含荧光基团的膦基马丙共聚物及其制备方法。它以扣溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐、冰醋酸和N,N-二甲基乙二胺为原料,首先得到4-溴-N-（2-N’,N’-二甲基氨基乙基）萘二甲酰亚胺,然后通过与甲醇钠反应引入甲氧基基团,得到4-甲氧基-N-（2-N’,N’-二甲基氨基乙基）萘二甲酰亚胺,该产物再与烯丙基氯反应得到具有荧光特性和双键的荧光单体4-甲氧基-N-（2-N’,N’-二甲基氨基乙基）萘二甲酰亚胺烯丙基氯化铵。     

松香基双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成与性能

以脱氢枞胺(DA)为原料,经中间体N,N-二甲基脱氢枞胺(DMDA),在乙腈溶液中,DMDA分别与1,3-二溴丙烷(摩尔比2.4∶1)和对溴二亚甲苯(摩尔比2.2∶1)加热回流48h,得到二(N-脱氢枞基-N,N-二甲基)-N,N′-(1,3-亚丙基)溴化二铵(DDMPDAB)和二(N-脱氢枞基-N,N-二甲基)-N,N′-对二亚甲苯基溴化二铵(DDMXDAB)两种双子表面活性剂。用元素分析,FTIR,1HNMR和13CNMR对二者进行了结构表征,测定其表面性能如下:DDMPDAB的阳离子表面活性物的质量分数为94.2%,临界胶束浓度为2.1×10-5mol/L,乳化力为22min,泡沫力为149mm,泡沫稳定性为53mm,Krafft为42℃,HLB为10.24;DDMXDAB的阳离子表面活性物的质量分数为90.8%,临界胶束浓度为8.0×10-5mol/L,乳化力为26.5min,泡沫力为160mm,泡沫稳定性为91mm,Krafft为43℃,HLB为10.88。二者与N-脱氢枞基-N,N,N-三甲基硫酸甲酯铵(DTMAS)、N-脱氢枞基-N,N-二甲基-N-苄基氯化铵(DDMBAC)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的表面性能进行了对比,结果表明:作者合成的两种表面活性剂具有更优良的表面活性。将产品和十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)分别配成质量分数为0.3%的水溶液,等体积混合后均不产生沉淀,说明产品与阴离子表面活性剂有很好的相容性。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。