端锚预应力锚杆作用范围研究及其应用

为分析锚固体力学效应及端锚预应力锚杆作用范围,并用以优化支护参数,提供施工指导.在挤压加固理论的基础上,利用弹性力学分析方法,建立端锚预应力锚杆锚固范围计算模型.借助Mathematic数学处理软件求得锚固范围方程.在Matlab基础上分析锚固范围方程特性,得出锚固范围与有效锚固长度和有效预应力的关系.研究表明:锚固范围随有效锚固长度和有效预应力的增加而增大;在目前矿山常用有效锚固长度和有效预应力下,最优锚固间距位于0.6～1.4m之间;锚固外区呈锥体状,锥体底面直径为最优锚杆间距,锥体高为有效锚固长度的10%,锥体底边角在7°～29°之间.将锚固范围方程应用于新城金矿的预控顶支护,得到预控顶预应力树脂锚杆锚固范围,求得最优锚杆支护间距1.2m,支护百分比79.3%,锚固外区锥体高0.19m,底边角17.6°.     

考虑横向约束作用的锚杆锚固参数优化

为了探究锚杆不同锚固参数对顺层岩质边坡稳定性的影响,基于综合考虑锚杆轴向作用力和横向作用力的锚杆数值模型,嵌入离散元软件UDEC(universal distinct element code)中的局部加固单元LOCAL REINFORCE单元,针对某顺层岩质边坡,分析了锚杆长度、锚固角、锚杆间距和布设方式对边坡稳定性的影响,并基于正交试验提出了锚固优化方案.结果 表明:锚杆存在有效长度,在有效长度内,锚杆长度和边坡安全系数存在线性关系;锚杆存在最优锚固角,且锚杆长度越大,最优锚固角越小;锚杆间距越大,边坡安全系数越小,且安全系数下降速率随间距的增大逐步减小;以边坡安全系数和锚杆用量为评价指标,通过正交试验对等长支护锚固参数进行了优化设计,得出了较佳的两个锚固试验方案;各锚固参数对边坡稳定性影响由大到小分别为:锚杆间距、锚杆长度、锚固角;锚杆布设方式对边坡稳定性的提升由大到小分别为:由长到短型、等长布置型、由短到长型.在考虑锚杆布设方式时,应使锚杆穿越的岩层与边坡位移情况相匹配.     

深基坑支护中锚杆的预应力与摩阻力试验

锚杆支护在国内深基坑开挖和支护中得到了广泛应用,但对其工作机理和计算方法的研究尚不够完善.以1个预应力锚杆支护的深基坑工程为实例,对工程锚杆进行了试验.通过试验,测试了锚固体在岩土中摩阻力的分布规律及其锚杆中的预应力变化,校验了锚杆的设计数据,为工程提供了设计依据.测试结果表明,锚固体与岩土体间的摩阻力沿锚杆长度不是均匀分布的,其分布规律与摩阻力水平有关,在孔口附近最大,从孔口沿锚杆长度逐渐衰减.锚杆的预应力随着时间变化,其变化与注浆量、锚杆的位置及其锁定荷载有关.锚杆杆体的受力变化对基坑开挖较为敏感,同时围护墙体的水平位移对其有一定的影响.     

锚杆锚固质量的高频导波检测方法

砂浆锚杆支护是地下工程中应用最为广泛的支护方法,但仍缺乏有效的锚杆锚固质量无损检测方法。根据地下工程中砂浆锚固锚杆的实际使用情况,制作了不同类型的锚杆实验模型。建立了适合现场使用的单传感器测试系统,并利用该系统研究了高频导波在不同试件中的衰减特性。研究结果表明:可以用两次反射的波幅比R及由此导出的衰减系数β定量确定锚杆锚固质量;波幅比R可以定量确定相同长度锚杆的锚固质量,衰减系数β可以定量确定不同长度锚杆的锚固质量;衰减系数β符合线性叠加规律,整体衰减系数等于各部分衰减系数的长度加权和。     

地下水基坑预应力锚杆复合土钉支护的稳定性

为研究预应力锚杆复合土钉支护体系参数中土钉长度、倾斜角度、锚杆锚固段长度对基坑稳定性的影响,采用有限元方法,考虑地下水影响,建立基坑数值分析模型,通过强度折减法,研究预应力锚杆复合土钉支护与普通土钉支护在稳定性方面的差异.研究结果表明:预应力锚杆复合土钉支护土钉长度超过10 m时,对基坑稳定性影响效果显著;复合土钉支护土钉倾角由0°到15°改变时对基坑稳定性影响较大;锚固段长度的改变对基坑稳定性影响并不显著,当锚杆总长度及预应力值一定的情况下,存在锚固段与自由段长度的最优分配,使得锚杆施力最为合理,基坑最为安全.     

涨壳式预应力中空锚杆锚固效果及其支护参数优化

为探究隧道岩爆地段涨壳式预应力中空锚杆的锚固效果及其支护能力,依托中兰(中卫—兰州)铁路香山隧道工程,利用现场锚固试验,对比分析了涨壳式锚固和其他锚固形式在岩爆隧道中的锚固效果,同时采用有限元数值分析软件MIDAS/GTS NX,分析不同工况下的隧道围岩压力、围岩变形及锚杆轴力对围岩稳定性的影响,进而提出了涨壳式预应力中空锚杆优化后的支护参数,并基于现场实测数据,对涨壳式预应力中空锚杆与普通砂浆锚杆的现场应用效果进行评价。研究结果表明：相对于树脂锚固、水泥药卷以及水泥砂浆锚固形式,涨壳式锚固以其最大的锚固力、支护及时性以及较强的耐久性能,成为本次试验的最优锚固形式,并且能够满足岩爆隧道快速预应力锚固形式施加要求;涨壳式预应力中空锚杆支护参数对围岩稳定性的影响程度从大到小依次为锚杆间距、锚杆长度、预应力、锚杆直径,且直径25 mm、间距1.2 m、施加预应力80 kN、长度3.5 m为香山隧道岩爆段涨壳式预应力中空锚杆支护参数的最优组合;相比于普通砂浆锚杆,现场采用涨壳式预应力中空锚杆后,隧道拱顶沉降和水平收敛S1、S2线变形量减小了57.1%、61.9%和64.4%,收敛时间提前了3～...     

深基坑预应力锚杆锚固段应力分布规律与应用

基于凯尔文问题的位移解,推导了用于深基坑支护中的预应力锚杆锚固段剪应力与轴力的分布规律.对岩体与土体两种不同介质条件下预应力锚杆的受力分析表明,不同岩土体介质条件下,预应力锚杆破坏方式不同,要以最薄弱环节作为锚杆设计控制标准;锚杆剪应力沿锚固段呈对数螺旋曲线型分布,最大剪应力往往发生靠近锚固段初始位置处;锚杆轴力沿锚固段逐渐衰减,单纯通过提高锚固段长度来增加锚杆的极限拉拔力有一定的限度.通过对一工程实例的理论与试验对比分析,其弹性范围内的理论解与试验数据基本相吻合,从而为预应力锚杆的设计提供了理论依据.     

支护参数对锚固风化岩质边坡稳定性影响的数值分析

为分析不同支护参数对锚固高速公路风化岩质边坡稳定性的影响,通过FLAC3D软件建立数值计算模型,采用强度折减法计算不同支护参数下的边坡安全系数。研究结果表明,锚杆间距和锚杆长度有一定的相关性,当锚杆长度为6,9,12,15m时,对应锚杆间距分别取1.5,1.5,2,2m,锚杆加固效果较好;锚杆存在一定的有效锚固长度,在锚杆的有效锚固长度范围内,适当增加锚杆长度能够提高边坡安全系数;采用先短后长的长短相间和一级边坡采用短锚杆、二级边坡采用长锚杆这两种布设形式,能够更好地加固风化岩质边坡。     

特厚煤层沿底全煤巷道锚杆支护技术可行性研究

为了解决大木厂煤业特厚煤层沿底板全煤巷道支护难题,分析了煤岩体地质力学参数测试结果,掌握特厚煤层地应力和煤岩体强度特征,模拟研究了不同锚固长度下锚杆(索)锚固效果,设计了锚杆和锚索锚固性能试验方案,并在井下进行试验。试验结果表明,特厚煤层沿底板全煤巷道适合采用锚杆支护技术,并根据井下应用环境,提出了相应的改进措施。     

厚锚固板支护理论在三沟鑫都煤矿的实践研究

依据两帮松软破碎的特征,选择厚锚固板理论方法确定了三沟鑫都煤矿条件下首采工作面开切眼的锚固强度、锚杆间排距、锚杆长度、锚固长度等支护参数,并对成巷至工作面安装期间的围岩变形进行了现场实测,结果表明,依据厚锚固板理论确定的破碎两帮条件下的锚固支护方案是合理的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.