正交设计法在白三叶组织培养中的应用

以白三叶的叶片为外植体,采用正交设计法,对愈伤组织生长和细胞悬浮培养的培养基进行了优化筛选。实验结果表明,白三叶叶片愈伤组织生长的最佳培养基配方为ＭＢ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ＋０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ甘氨酸＋１００ｍｇ／Ｌ肌醇＋３％蔗糖＋０．７％琼脂;细胞悬浮培养的最佳培养基的配方为ＭＢ＋４ｍｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ＋０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡ＋２ｍｇ／     

红三叶和白三叶愈伤组织的诱导和胚性细胞悬浮系的建立

以红三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍｐｒａｔｅｎｓｅ）野生品种巴东红三叶的叶片为外植体,在ＭＢ－１至ＭＢ－９的固体培养基上诱导愈伤组织,筛选出最佳培养基是ＭＢ－９培养基．以白三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍｒｅｐｅｎｓｅ）裁培品种“路易斯安娜”和“Ｈｕｃａ”的叶片为外植体,接种在ＭＢ－９固体培养基上诱导愈伤组织．愈伤组织形成以后,均在ＭＢ－９固体培养上继代培养３～４次后,获得胚性愈伤组织,然后转至ＭＢ＋３ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ＋０７ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ＋０２ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ甘氨酸＋５００ｍｇ／ＬＣＨ＋３％蔗糖的液体培养基中,经强化培养,２个月后,获得胚性细胞悬浮系．实验结果表明,缩短换液时间,即每隔３～４ｄ换一次,可加快胚性细胞悬浮系的建立．     

枸杞花药愈伤组织细胞悬浮培养与植株再生

采用枸杞花药进行离体培养,建立细胞系,诱导植株再生,结果在含不同激素的４种培养基上都诱导出愈伤组织,诱导率在１．７％￣１６．９％,愈伤组织在ＭＳ＋２,４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的固体培养基上获得大量单细胞,在液体培养基中获得含有大量胚状体的愈伤组织块,收集悬浮培养物转移到ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的固体培养基上,胚状体能够萌发形成大量绿色小芽,转入生根培养基（ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ）中,２０ｄ后得到     

大叶相思体细胞胚胎发生的初步研究

以种子萌发的无菌苗下胚轴为外植体，在Ｂ５＋２，４－Ｄ（１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）＋ＢＡ（１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）＋ＣＨ０．５ｇ／Ｌ的固体培养基上培养４周，获得了胚性愈伤组织．该愈伤组织经Ｂ５＋２．４－Ｄ（１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的液体培养基７ｄ的诱导在Ｂ５＋Ｌ－谷氨酰胺（２００ｍｇ／Ｌ）＋ＣＨ（０．５ｇ／Ｌ）的液体培养基上培养１４ｄ产生了球形胚．球形胚具有明显的两极，但只是根端发育，苗端并没有发育     

太白米愈伤组织的诱导

把太白米小鳞茎基部０．１－０．５ｍｍ处切口，接种于ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ １ｍｇ／Ｌ＋２．４－Ｄ１ｍｌ／Ｌ＋ＺＴ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＺＴ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上，置黑暗中培养，小鳞茎能脱分化产生大量愈伤组织，诱导率在９５％以上，且生长迅速。     

杜仲细胞的悬浮培养

杜仲外植体在ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上可诱导出生长速度快、离散性好、适合于悬浮培养的愈伤组织；愈伤组织在ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＣＨ３００ｍｇ／Ｌ的液体培养基上进行振荡培养，经３～４次继代，即可建立起悬浮细胞系；悬浮细胞的形状为长形、椭圆形、圆形和“月牙”形。     

苜蓿组织培养体细胞胚发生的细胞学观察

苜蓿无菌苗下胚轴在含２ｍｇ／Ｌ２．４－Ｄ和０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ６ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养其中诱导出愈伤组织，愈伤组织在含有３ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ和１．５ｍｇ／ＬＫＴ的ＳＨ培养基中形胚性愈伤组织，并伴随有体细胞胚的发生。     

虎眼万年青不同形态发生途径激素调控的初步研究

用虎眼万年青鳞片外植体在ＭＳ培养基上实现了不同形态发生途径的激素调控。结果显示，生长素和细胞分裂素两类激素的不同组合和浓度搭配都是影响形态发生途径的关键因素，甚至前者更为重要。就最佳激素组合和浓度搭配而言，ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ分别诱导体细胞胚和不定芽直接发生；２，４－Ｄ４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ诱导愈伤组织；２，４－Ｄ０．１ｍｇ     

蛇床愈伤组织的形态发生及植株再生

蛇床幼茎外植体在ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ２ｍｇ／ｌ＋ＫＴ０．２ｍｇ／ｌ培养基上形成淡黄绿色松软状愈伤组织。愈伤组织在转入培养基ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／ｌ＋２Ｔ０．８ｎｇ／ｌ以后分化出不定芽，在１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＡＡ２ｍｇ／ｌ培养基中可产生不定根，进而发育成为完整植株。愈伤组织在ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ０．２ｍｇ／ｌ＋ＺＴＺＴ０．４ｍｇ／ｌ培养基中继代３～４次以后，再转入ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／ｌ＋ＺＴ０．８ｍｌ／ｌ培养基中继代１～２次，形成了大量胚状体。胚状体经过球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚和子叶胚最终发育成再生植株。器官发生和体细胞胚胎发生这两种形态发生方式在发生顺序、形态特征和所需激素条件等方面都是不同的。     

花毛茛植株再生途径的离体调控

花毛茛的叶接种子ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄｌｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡｌ＋６－ＢＡ２的培养基上，３－４周后，形成愈伤组织，将愈伤组织分别转移到ＭＳ＋２，４－Ｄ１－２和ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１．５－２．５的培养基上，培养４周左右，从愈伤组织表面通过胚状体发生和不定芽发生两条途径形成植株；而将叶接种于ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２＋ＮＡＡ０．２－０．５＋ＬＨ５００的培养基上，则可在叶和叶片的过渡区不经过愈伤组织直接分化出芽并形成植株。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.