管材液压胀形高度影响因素分析与有限元模拟

为了评价管材液压胀形的成形性能,通过理论分析并采用有限元模拟的方法对管材液压胀形高度的影响因素进行了研究,发现在一定范围内随着应变硬化指数n值和各向异性指数r值的增大,材料胀形高度升高;而摩擦系数f值越小,则材料的胀形成形性能越好.     

管材液压胀形高度影响因素分析与有限元模拟

为了评价管材液压胀形的成形性能，通过理论分析并采用有限元模拟的方法对管材液压胀形高度的影响因素进行了研究，发现在一定范围内随着应变硬化指数n值和各向异性指数r值的增大，材料胀形高度升高；而摩擦系数f值越小，则材料的胀形成形性能越好。     

薄壁管液压胀形加载路径研究

采用塑性变形理论研究了薄壁管液压胀形过程中轴向载荷与内压力的变化情况。在两种不同变形方式下对薄壁管胀形过程进行分析，分别就两种变形方式提出了薄壁管胀形过程中轴压与内压的理论计算方法，获得了管材在不同应变比下变形时的载荷变化曲线，探讨了薄壁管胀形工艺中确定加载路径的变化范围。     

管材液压胀形试验装置的开发

管材液压胀形试验装置的开发对管材液压胀形技术的发展起着不可估量的作用。简述了国内外近年来几种管材液压胀形的试验装置,包括外控液压增压式和内补液增压式试验装置,对比分析了它们的工作原理、技术特点、密封方式以及内液压力的产生方式,提出了试验装置开发的发展趋势。     

汽车桥壳液压胀形极限成形系数及胀裂判据

利用研制的集增压器、冲液器、滑动胀形模具于一体的超高压液压胀形装置,在普通液压机上进行汽车桥壳样件的液压胀形胀裂试验,绘制出液体胀形压力与管坯压缩量不同的匹配关系时(即不同加载路径)的胀形极限图,揭示出极限胀形系数与管坯轴向应变存在线性关系kr=1 δ5-1.72εz,并与材料断后伸长率δ5有关.给出管坯胀裂时的应变判据|εn|=δ5及应力判据δθ=2σb,即胀裂时管坯壁厚方向的应变等于材料的延伸率,环向应力等于材料拉伸强度的2倍.研究成果能为理论研究及工程应用提供依据.     

AZ31B镁合金管材液压胀形数值模拟分析

基于管材轴向补料液压胀形技术,采用Dynaform有限元仿真软件对0.75mm厚的AZ31B镁合金管材的胀形过程进行了数值模拟分析。研究了模具圆角半径、液压力、模具间隙等工艺参数对镁合金管件壁厚分布和最大壁厚减薄量Δt的影响规律,并探索了相对合理的工艺参数。研究结果表明,镁合金管件的最小壁厚通常分布在最大胀形直径处,除非模具间隙过小;由于受到轴向作用力,管材两端会随模具间隙的改变而出现不均匀的壁厚增厚现象,并且受轴向压头作用的一端的壁厚增厚量相对较大;胀形过程中,当模具圆角半径为5mm,模具间隙为0.8mm时,获得的镁合金管件壁厚分布较均匀,成形效果较好。     

液压胀形汽车桥壳的数值模拟及其试验研究

用有限元方法对液压胀形的汽车桥壳进行了数值模拟,得出轴向压缩量与液体胀形压力间的合理加载路径.通过试验和模拟对比分析了第一次胀形时液体压力相对管坯轴向压缩量恒定不变、液体压力按轴向压缩量线性变化、极限失稳及胀裂的情况,揭示出起皱的主要原因是液体压力过低,起皱后不利于后续胀形,而胀裂的主要原因是液体压力过高;第二次胀形时试件退火是最终成形成功的重要影响因素.模拟结果与相同条件下的试验结果对比,最大误差5 9%.     

管材液压成形中胀形区摩擦系数测量方法

摩擦对管材液压成形有重要的影响,因而对摩擦系数测量方法的研究具有重要意义。简述了近年来管材液压成形中胀形区摩擦系数的测量方法,对比分析了它们的优点与不足。基于管材径压胀形原理,提出了一种测量胀形区摩擦系数的新方法,并设计和制造了相应的测量装置。本测试装置具有简单、直观、易于实现等优点。     

小型桥壳液压胀形初始变形条件分析及成形试验

介绍了小型汽车桥壳的液压胀形工艺,提出了初始胀形内压的表达式,预测了初始胀形内压与轴向推力的匹配关系（即经向应力比的大小）对预胀形时各部分变形顺序的影响。在普通液压机上进行了两种加载路径下的液压胀形试验,在初始经向应力比小于零并保持恒内压的条件下,预胀形管坯先变形成两侧高、中部低的双鼓形,经增压后将中部胀起;在初始经向应力比大于零且内压恒定的条件下,预胀形管坯中部沿轴向胀裂;两种加载路径下,管坯扁锥体凸起与胀形区之间均产生了明显内凹缺陷。理论分析与试验结果均表明,初始变形条件对小型桥壳的预胀形有重要影响。     

加载路径对液压胀形管材成形性能的影响

在管材液压胀形过程中,加载路径对管材成形性能有着重要的影响,一直是研究热点。本文介绍了目前管材液压胀形中的各种加载路径如线性加载、折线加载、脉动加载和由模糊逻辑控制加载路径方式,阐述了各种加载路径的特点、原理及其对管材成形性能的影响,指出了深入研究加载路径要解决的几个关键问题。     

径压胀形中管材的填充性及成形性分析

通过对不锈钢管材径压胀形过程进行有限元数值模拟，对成形管材断面对角线长度变化趋势及壁厚分布规律进行了分析与比较，探讨了加载方式、管端约束条件（管端自由与管端固定）及摩擦条件对管材填充性及成形性的影响规律。结果表明，自由胀形直径或内压力越大，则管材的填充性越好，但成形性越差；管端固定时会使管材的填充性及成形性变差；摩擦使胀形管材断面形状不完全对称，且随着自由胀形直径或内压力的增大而显著。     

基于DASYLab的管材轴压胀形的加载控制

内压与轴向压力的合理匹配是管材轴压胀形成败的关键因素。本文利用数据采集与处理软件 DASYL ab实现了轴向压力基于内压的线性加载控制 ,为进一步研究更为复杂的管材轴压胀形的加载控制关系奠定了实验基础     

Prediction of necking of high strength steel tubes during hydroforming—multi-axial loading

This article studies tubular hydroforming of high strength low alloy (HSLA) and dual phase (DP600) straight tubes under the action of end feeding loads. Experiments demonstrate that higher end feed loads enhance the formability of the tubes and increase the internal fluid pressure for onset of necking and bursting. Because of the action of the internal pressure and the axial compressive load, the onset of localization (necking) is due to a complex three-dimensional state of stress. Using free expansion experiments, approximate upper and lower bound strain-based forming limit curves are determined for the tube materials. These limit curves, in turn, are used to derive upper and lower bound extended stress-based forming limit curves [Simha et al., Prediction of necking in tubular hydroforming using an extended stress-based FLC. Transactions of the ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 2007;129(1): 36-47]. In conjunction with finite element computations that use solid elements to model the tube, these stress-based limit curves are used to predict upper and lower bound necking pressures under the action of end feed loading. These predictions of necking pressures, when an appropriate coefficient of tube-die friction is used, are found to bracket the experimentally measured necking pressures. Computations using plane stress shell elements to model the tubes are shown to give erroneous results, since the plane stress approximation is not valid when tubes are hydroformed in a die.     

附加前盖对汽车桥壳胀-压成形性的影响

根据胀-压成形汽车桥壳新工艺,初始无缝钢管经缩径、液压胀形及压制成形后得到带有后油盖及附加前盖的桥壳样件,切除前盖后获得桥壳产品,附加前盖的大小不仅影响材料的利用率,对管坯的压制成形性也有重要影响。针对某小型汽车桥壳,设计了三种不同尺寸、形状的附加前盖,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟了不同附加前盖时桥壳样件的缩径、胀形及压制成形全过程,对比分析了桥包部分的成形性及端部翘曲量,确定了附加前盖的合理尺寸范围。在普通液压机上成功试制出桥壳样件,实际测量了其外形参数,并与模拟值进行了比较,证明了设计方法的可行性。     

An experimental and numerical study of necking initiation in aluminium alloy tubes during hydroforming

In this paper, a combined experimental and numerical investigation of free hydroforming of aluminium alloy tubes is conducted. The tubes are subjected to different loading histories involving axial compression and internal pressure. The circumferential and axial strains experienced by the tubes are continuously recorded along with the pressure and axial load. The numerical simulations are carried out using both 2D axisymmetric and 3D finite-element formulations by applying the experimentally recorded axial load and internal pressure. In the latter, a geometric imperfection is introduced in the form of wall thickness reduction at the tube mid-length in order to trigger necking which happens after significant bulging and beyond the stage of peak pressure. The strain histories and peak pressures obtained from the simulations agree well with those determined from the experiments. Further, the forming limit curve predicted by the simulations as well as from a M–K analysis incorporating the computed strain paths corroborate well with the experimental data. The role of nonproportional straining on the mechanics of failure of the tubes due to bulging and necking is studied in detail.     

The effect of tube dimensions on optimized pressure and force loading paths in tube hydroforming process

The precise control of internal pressure and axial force loading paths significantly affects the final product quality. In this study, the effect of tube dimensions on the pressure and force loading paths in tube hydroforming process is investigated by using simulated annealing optimization method linked to a commercial finite element code. The optimized loading paths, obtained for different tube geometries with a constant expansion ratio, are then compared. The effects of initial diameter and wall thickness on shape conformation, optimal internal pressure and axial force (or feed) are discussed on the basis of optimal loading paths. Several guidelines in prediction and determination of tube hydroforming parameters are obtained by optimization analysis.     

脉动液压成形技术与设备

介绍脉动液压成形技术的成形原理、工艺特点及应用领域。从工艺和材料两方面对脉动液压成形提高材料成形能力的机理进行研究,试验证明脉动载荷一方面能够促进管材液压成形时的补料、降低摩擦力的阻碍作用并利用成形过程中小褶皱的出现与消失提高变形的均匀性;另一方面,对于奥氏体不锈钢,脉动载荷可以增强形变过程中的相变增塑效应,从而提高其成形性。自主设计并研制出能实现工业化生产需求的自动化程度高的脉动液压成形设备,为该项技术在汽车、航空及航天制造领域中的推广和应用提供重要的理论指导和实践探索。     

凸环管件颗粒介质内高压成形工艺理论解析

离散体颗粒介质使颗粒介质内高压成形工艺中的传压具有非均匀性、颗粒介质与管件之间摩擦作用显著等特征,基于此,建立了颗粒介质非均匀载荷传压模型,对凸环管件胀形工艺过程进行了理论推导和数值解析,探讨了内压状况和摩擦条件对管件成形性能的影响,并通过工艺试验对理论分析结果进行了验证。分析结果表明,颗粒介质内高压成形工艺所具有的内压非均匀性、介质与管坯摩擦作用显著两大特征可有效减小胀形过程中的壁厚减薄和成形压力。对比试验与理论分析结果表明,壁厚分布和成形压力的理论计算结果与试验结果一致,颗粒介质非均匀载荷传压模型的构建策略可用于管件成形的预测和分析。     

Investigation of deformation and collapse mechanism for magnesium tube in axial crushing test

This paper demonstrates the quasi-static axial compression and high-speed axial compression tests of extruded magnesium alloy circular tubes for evaluating the crash and fracture behavior of mg parts. To capture the buckling and fracture behavior of Mg tube during the axial compression tests, FE simulation adopts different types of flow curves depending on the deformation mode such as tension and compression with LS-DYNA software. The Mg tube undergoes compressive plastic strain prior to buckling while according to the model based on Hill yield criterion only bulging along the radial direction is predicted. Due to the tension-compression asymmetry of Mg alloys, diameter of Mg tube expands largely at the initial plastic strain before having bulging or folding while only a bulging mode typical for materials with cubic crystal structure can be predicted. Simulation results such as punch load and deformation mode are compared with experimental results in the axial crushing test with AZ61 alloy.