9-硝基喜树碱纳米脂质载体系统的释放、细胞摄取及组织分布特性

目的研究9-硝基喜树碱纳米脂质载体系统的体外释放、巨噬细胞摄取及体内组织分布特性。方法以BLB/C小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞为细胞模型进行9-硝基喜树碱纳米脂质载体系统的体外细胞吞噬实验；以一级昆明种小鼠为动物模型进行体内组织分布实验；并进行多晶X-射线衍射及体外释放实验的测定。结果9-硝基喜树碱可能以无定形物分散在纳米脂质载体中，液态脂质的加入并没有改变纳米粒固态内核的性质；体外释放实验表明纳米脂质载体系统具有一定的缓释特性；PEG的修饰使巨噬细胞对纳米粒的摄取减少，且能够增强纳米粒抵抗蛋白吸附的能力；纳米脂质载体系统能够延长9-硝基喜树碱在血中的滞留时间，并改变其在小鼠体内的分布特征。结论由Myrj59制备的纳米脂质载体系统具有缓释特性，且具有良好的长循环性及肝、肺靶向性。     

新型纳米脂质载体给药系统的研究进展

<正>纳米脂质载体(nanostructured lipid carriers,NLC)是20世纪90年代末出现的一种新型给药系统[1]。纳米脂质载体是以具有生理相容性和生物可降解性的、高熔点的天然或合成固体脂质和液体脂质为骨架材料所制成的纳米尺度的载药系统,其特点在于在固体的脂质载体中引入了液体脂质,以期解决固态脂质纳米粒(SLN)载药量较低,有突释现象及纳米粒混悬体系的水分含量高的缺点[2]。     

微乳法制备丹皮酚纳米结构脂质载体

目的以丹皮酚为模型药物,微乳法制备纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）。方法采用伪三元相图法对构建纳米脂质载体的初乳液进行筛选,经体外透皮试验确定处方。结果硬脂酸为固态脂质（占初乳处方的1％）,油酸乙酯为液态脂质（占初乳处方的1％）,LabrasoL为乳化剂,TranscutoLP为助乳化剂,Km：2：1,含水量50％,采用注射器滴入法分散于0℃冷水中,可以快速制得载药量10％的丹皮酚纳米脂质载体。结论微乳法制备的丹皮酚纳米脂质载体制备．f-艺简单、操作方便,不需使用有机溶剂（如二氯甲烷、氯仿等）和复杂设备,适合纳米结构脂质载体的研究和小规模制备。     

脂质类纳米载体在难溶性药物递送中的应用

随着新技术在药物研发中的广泛应用,大量有活性的难溶性候选药物涌现出来,但水溶性差的问题又严重制约了此类药物的开发。目前纳米载体作为难溶性药物递送系统的研究日益增多。本文综述了微乳、脂肪乳、脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米脂质载体、脂质纳米混悬剂和仿生载体等脂质类纳米载体在难溶性药物递送中的应用,旨在为产品的开发提供新策略。     

固体脂质纳米粒研究新进展

综述固体脂质纳米粒(SLN)的制备方法、应用、存在的问题和解决方法以及发展前景，介绍基于SLN而开发的新型载体——纳米脂质载体和药脂结合物纳米粒。     

囊泡及微粒经皮给药系统的研究进展

近年来,各种方法被用于促进药物的经皮渗透,其中囊泡及微粒系统是一种简单便捷的方法.本文综述了促进药物经皮渗透的各种囊泡(变形脂质体、醇质体、类脂囊泡)及微粒系统(微乳、固体脂质纳米粒及纳米脂质载体)用于经皮给药系统的作用机制以及相关研究工作的进展.     

PT多肽修饰的地塞米松纳米脂质载体的体外释放研究

目的 研究PT多肽修饰的地塞米松纳米脂质载体的体外释放规律.方法 选用pH7.4磷酸盐缓冲液作为释药介质,测定并绘制其体外释放曲线,并拟合释药数据.结果 PT多肽修饰的地塞米松纳米脂质载体在0.5h的突释率为24.2％,24h药物累计释放量为88％,最佳拟合模型为Weibull方程.结论 PT多肽修饰的地塞米松纳米脂质载体的体外释放突释效应减少,具有缓释效应.     

天然药物靶向给药系统的研究

采用新型药物载体使天然药物具有靶向作用是近年来药剂学的研究热点之一。综述脂质体、纳米粒、微球、微乳、药质体等新型载体在天然药物靶向给药系统研究中的应用,并介绍膜融合脂质体、纳米脂质载体、药脂结合物纳米粒以及分泌颗粒类似物等几种新型靶向给药系统的药物载体。     

肺部给药新剂型国内外研究进展

近年来,肺部给药剂型在医药市场获得快速增长。随着药用辅料、给药新技术的发展,微球、纳米粒、脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米脂质载体、胶束等作为药物载体表现出良好的应用前景。本文通过查阅和分析近年来国内外发表的相关文献专利,就肺部给药新剂型的研究近况作一综述。     

罗红霉素纳米脂质体包封率的测定

目的建立罗红霉素纳米脂质载体包封率测定的高效液相色谱法。方法色谱条件:Diamonsil-C18柱(200mm×4.6mm,5μm);柱温30℃;流动相:0.067mol/L磷酸二氢铵水溶液(三乙胺调PH为7.5)-乙腈(3∶2);检测波长205nm;体积流量1.0m L/min;进样量20μL。对该色谱条件下测定罗红霉素的方法学进行考察,建立超滤离心法测定罗红霉素纳米脂质载体的包封率。结果在此色谱条件下罗红霉素与辅料及溶剂峰均得到良好分离,罗红霉素在50.00~1000μg/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995,n=7),超滤离心法测得罗红霉素纳米脂质载体的包封率为(88.7±0.2)%。结论该方法准确可靠、简单快速,可用于罗红霉素纳米脂质载体包封率的测定。     

固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体在经皮给药系统中的研究进展

目的介绍固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体在经皮给药系统中的应用与优势,为其开发利用提供参考。方法查阅国内外相关文献共30余篇,从固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体用于经皮给药系统的优势、药物在固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体中的分布形式及固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体在经皮给药领域中的应用等方面进行综述。结果固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体可以增强药物稳定性,能在皮肤表面产生包封效应,增加皮肤水合作用,具有药物靶向性。结论固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体是极有发展前景的新型经皮给药系统。     

SLN, NLC, LDC: state of the art in drug and active delivery

Drug delivery system focuses on the regulation of the in vivo dynamics, in order to improve the effectiveness and safety of the incorporated drugs by use of novel drug formulation technologies. Lipids such as fatty acids, triglycerides, vegetable oils and their derivatives, used for developing multiparticulate dosage forms, may be available in solid, semi-solid or liquid state. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and lipid drug conjugate (LDCs) nanoparticles are novel lipid drug delivery systems. They were devised to address some of the challenges of conventional drug delivery systems ranging from low drug encapsulation efficiency to low bioavailability of Biopharmaceutical Classification Systems (BCS) class II and class IV drugs. SLNs are based on melt-emulsified lipids, which are solid at room temperature and consist of physiologically well tolerated ingredients often generally recognised as safe. NLCs are colloidal carriers characterized by a solid lipid core consisting of a mixture of solid and liquid lipids, and having a mean particle size in the nanometer range. LDC are nanoparticles contain drugs linked to lipid particles. This minireview highlights these three different but related technologies in lipid drug delivery. The objectives of their introduction, current applications, major challenges and some patented formulations are highlighted.     

Preparation and characteristics of oridonin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers as a controlled-release delivery system

In order to improve drug entrapment efficiency and loading capacity, nanostructured lipid carriers consisting of solid lipid and liquid lipid as a new type of colloidal drug delivery system were prepared. The dispersions of oridonin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers were successfully prepared by the emulsion-evaporation and low temperature-solidification technique using monostearin as the solid lipid, caprylic/capric triglycerides as the liquid lipid and oridonin as the model drug. Their physicochemical properties of oridonin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers and release behaviours were investigated and compared with those of solid lipid nanoparticles. As a result, the mean particle size was ～200 nm with narrow polydispersity index lower than 0.4 for all developed formulations. Zeta potential values were in the range ?35 mV ～ ?50 mV, providing good physical stability of all formulations. The differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis results demonstrated lipid nanoparticles exhibited crystal order disturbance and thus left more space to accommodate drug molecules. The improved drug entrapment efficiency and loading capacity were observed for nanostructured lipid carriers and they enhanced with increasing the caprylic/capric triglycerides content. In vitro drug release experiments exhibited biphasic drug release patterns with burst release initially and prolonged release afterwards. These results indicated that nanostructured lipid carriers could potentially be exploited as a delivery system with improved drug entrapment efficiency and controlled drug release.     

Lipid nanocarriers: influence of lipids on product development and pharmacokinetics

Lipid nanocarriers are on the forefront of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several potential applications in drug delivery. Owing to their size-dependent properties, lipid nanoparticles offer the possibility for development of new therapeutics and an alternative system to other colloidal counterparts for drug administration. An important point to be considered in the selection of a lipid for the carrier system is its effect on the properties of the nanocarrier and also its intended use, as different types of lipids differ in their nature. Researchers around the globe have tapped the potential of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in developing formulation(s) that can be administered by various routes such as oral, ocular, parenteral, topical, and pulmonary. Since the start of this millennium, a new generation of lipid nanoparticles, namely nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), lipid drug conjugates (LDCs), and pharmacosomes, has evolved that have the potential to overcome the limitations of SLNs. The current review article presents broad considerations on the influence of various types of lipids on the diverse characteristics of nanocarriers, encompassing their physicochemical, formulation, pharmacokinetic, and cytotoxic aspects.     

Nanostructured materials in drug and gene delivery: a review of the state of the art

A wide variety of drug delivery systems have been developed, each with its own advantages and limitations, but the important goals of all of the systems are to enhance bioavailability, reduce drug toxicity, target to a particular organ, and increase the stability of the drug. The development of nanostructured drug carriers have grasped increased attention from scientific and commercial organizations due to their unique ability to deliver drugs and challenging molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. These carriers present many technological advantages such as high carrier capacity, high chemical and biological stability, feasibility of incorporating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, and their ability to be administered by a variety of routes (including oral, inhalational, and parenteral) to provide controlled/sustained drug release. Moreover, applications of nanoparticulate formulations in enhancing drug solubility, dissolution, bioavailability, safety, and stability have already been proven. In the view of their multifaceted applications, the present review aims to discuss and summarize some of the interesting findings and applications, methods of preparation, and characterization of various nanostructured carriers useful in drug delivery. Included in this discussion are polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, dendrimers, cyclodextrins, fullerenes, gold and silica nanoparticles, and quantum dots. Because there are likely to be new applications for nanoparticles in drug delivery, they are expected to solve many problems associated with the delivery of drugs and biomolecules through different delivery routes.     

Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers--innovative generations of solid lipid carriers

The first generation of solid lipid carrier systems in nanometer range, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), was introduced as an alternative to liposomes. SLN are aqueous colloidal dispersions, the matrix of which comprises of solid biodegradable lipids. SLN are manufactured by techniques like high pressure homogenization, solvent diffusion method etc. They exhibit major advantages such as modulated release, improved bioavailability, protection of chemically labile molecules like retinol, peptides from degradation, cost effective excipients, improved drug incorporation and wide application spectrum. However there are certain limitations associated with SLN, like limited drug loading capacity and drug expulsion during storage, which can be minimized by the next generation of solid lipids, Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). NLC are lipid particles with a controlled nanostructure that improves drug loading and firmly incorporates the drug during storage. Owing to their properties and advantages, SLN and NLC may find extensive application in topical drug delivery, oral and parenteral administration of cosmetic and pharmaceutical actives. Cosmeceuticals is emerging as the biggest application target of these carriers. Carrier systems like SLN and NLC were developed with a perspective to meet industrial needs like scale up, qualification and validation, simple technology, low cost etc. This paper reviews present status of SLN and NLC as carrier systems with special emphasis on their application in Cosmeceuticals; it also gives an overview about various manufacturing techniques of SLN and NLC.     

溶致液晶的制备、表征以及作为药物载体的应用

脂质已经被广泛地用作多种药物传递系统中的主要组分,例如脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米结构脂质载体和溶致液晶。其中,溶致液晶具有高度的有序性和热力学稳定的内部纳米结构,从而具有作为持续释放药物模型的潜力。立方相和六角相的复杂结构已经被证实能够为活性药物原料（不同的相对分子质量和极性）提供由扩散控制的释放。此外,脂质的生物可降解性和生物相容性证明了其具有最小的毒性并且可应用于多种给药途径。因此,近几年对溶致液晶的研究已经吸引了很多研究者的关注。本文将对溶致液晶的结构特点、制备方法、表征进行综述。此外,溶致液晶作为药物传递系统的最新研究进展将被进一步讨论。     

纳米结构脂质载体肺部给药研究进展

传统吸入疗法不能使药物靶向到肺的特定部位,而纳米载体药物的肺部给药系统可克服传统吸入药物的不足。其中纳米结构脂质载体是固体和液体脂质的混合物经表面活性剂乳化后形成的纳米粒,具有更好的胶体稳定性和持续的药物释放行为。其组成成分具有无毒、生理惰性和生物相容性的特点,还具有良好的雾化特性,特别适用于肺部应用,并且生产过程简单（高压均质）,适合大规模生产。本文介绍了常见肺部给药纳米载体,概述了纳米结构脂质载体应用于肺部的优势,为其在肺部给药领域中的深度开发提供参考。     

Nanostructured lipid carriers: A potential use for skin drug delivery systems

Skin application of pharmaceutical products is one of the methods used for drug administration. The problem of limited drug penetration via topical application makes searching for safe drug carriers that will provide an expected therapeutic effect of utmost importance. Research into safe drug carriers began with liposome structures, paving the way for work with nanocarriers, which currently play a large role as drug vehicles. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) consist of blended solid and liquid lipids (oils) dispersed in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant. These carriers have many advantages: good biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, high drug content; they enhance a drug’s stability and have many possibilities of application (oral, intravenous, pulmonary, ocular, dermal). The following article presents properties, methods of preparation and tests to assess the quality and toxicity of NLC. This analysis indicates the possibility of using NLC for dermal and transdermal drug application.     

Nanostructured lipid carriers system: Recent advances in drug delivery

Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) is second generation smarter drug carrier system having solid matrix at room temperature. This carrier system is made up of physiological, biodegradable and biocompatible lipid materials and surfactants and is accepted by regulatory authorities for application in different drug delivery systems. The availability of many products in the market in short span of time reveals the success story of this delivery system. Since the introduction of the first product, around 30 NLC preparations are commercially available. NLC exhibit superior advantages over other colloidal carriers viz., nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, SLN etc. and thus, have been explored to more extent in pharmaceutical technology. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes NLC versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The present review gives insights on the definitions and characterization of NLC as colloidal carriers including the production techniques and suitable formulations. This review paper also highlights the importance of NLC in pharmaceutical applications for the various routes of drug delivery viz., topical, oral, pulmonary, ocular and parenteral administration and its future perspective as a pharmaceutical carrier.