水介质中碳粒子Mie散射特性的研究

基于Mie散射理论,对水介质中碳微球颗粒光散射的性质进行了理论分析与数值计算,得到了散射强度与散射角、散射强度与粒子半径以及光学截面与入射波长的关系.研究表明,粒子的前向散射占优势;在入射波长确定的情况下,粒子的半径越大,前向散射强度越强.     

分形簇团粒子光学特性的数值计算

基于分形理论,模拟了具有分形结构的簇团粒子,用离散偶极子近似方法,计算单个簇团粒子光学特性,得到簇团粒子的散射强度随入射光波长变化的角分布,并将所得数值结果与T矩阵和Mie理论的数值结果进行比较,同时给出簇团粒子的线性极化度的角分布,为研究复杂结构目标散射体的光散射特性提供了有效的计算方法.     

非入射方向有限长弹性柱声散射特性研究

给出了水中有限长弹性目标声散射问题的求解方法，假设有限长柱为具有同样半径无限长柱的一部分，通过一定近似，推导出了双基地条件下有限长弹性柱声散射的波形函数，并与Stanton的柱方法进行比较，验证了该方法的正确性，通过数值仿真实验，给出了声波斜入射时有限长弹性柱目标强度随频率变化的关系曲线，为双基地声呐目标声散特性的研究提供了理论依据。     

基于波束级数展开的粒子椭圆高斯波束散射特性

基于矢量波函数之间的正交性等,得出了任意电磁波束的零阶场和x,y,z一阶场等粒子散射场的表达式,给出了各阶入射场展开系数与散射场展开系数的通用关系,以椭圆高斯波束为例,研究了椭圆高斯波束中粒子的散射特性,通过仿真分析了波束腰宽、照射距离等对散射特性的影响,验证了本文算法的有效性;研究表明:波束腰宽可以改善粒子的识别性能,波束中的粒子具有较强的前向后向散射特性.方法简单,为研究电磁波束的粒子散射特性探索了新的途径.     

颗粒增强复合材料的界面损伤对有效波速的影响

研究了具有非完好黏接界面的球形粒子对弹性波的散射以及含分布球形增强粒子的复合材料中的弹性波多重散射．首先,在弹簧模型下研究了单个球粒子的弹性波散射问题．然后在统计平均意义下研究了具有随机分布粒子的复合材料中的有效波以及有效波波速和衰减的计算公式．进一步,根据有效波波速和衰减对界面常数的依赖关系,研究了界面损伤对有效波波速和衰减的影响．在此基础上提出了一种依据超声测量数据对界面损伤进行无损估计的方法．针对Sic—Al复合材料进行了数值模拟．计算了不同界面损伤程度情况下的有效波波速和衰减．并利用遗传算法对含不同误差水平的合成实验数据就界面损伤进行了反演计算．数值结果表明对含随机误差的合成实验数据进行反演计算能对界面损伤程度作出近似的估计并且反演算法对不同误差水平具有相对稳定性．     

程函理论

高能粒子在原子核势场中散射问题的研究,是从本世纪六十年代才发展起来的。它是传统的核物理研究方法和基本粒子的研究方法之一。近十多年来,由于高能实验手段的迅速发展,不仅提供了能量高达 GeV 量级(E≈GeV)的、具有广泛特性的高能粒子束流,而且,其分辨能力也达 MeV 的量级(ΔE≈MeV)。即有ΔE/E≈10~(-3),现可达10~(-4)。另一方面,由于高度精确的中子束流的出现,可以获得n—p,n—n 散射幅的知识。由于入射粒子的能量高,就容易深入到原子核的深部。入射粒子的种类多,就增加了变革原子核的方式,扩大了核反应的自由度。所以原子核在各种不同类型“炮弹”的轰击下,就呈现出了大量的、内容极其丰富的新的高能物理现象。我们应该指     

威尔逊云室的发明

通过对C．T．R．成尔逊研究和改进云室的过程的考察．说明“云室”的功能随着其结构的变化而发生变化：从模拟日晕现象到研究凝结的规律及电子电量的测定；威尔逊利用云室拍出的a粒子引起云室内气体凝聚的痕迹与H．A．布拉格想象中的a粒子径迹进行比较．得到惊人的、相似的结果后，云室就成为了观测基本粒子径迹的主要仪器．     

声呐目标散射近场特性研究

本文通过实验测量对水下目标的散射近场特性进行了研究。首先,本文应用赫姆霍茨积分公式计算了简单几何形状目标的散射近场随距离、频率及入射波束照射面积的变化。其次,实验测量了××艇模型不同部位的散射近场强度。最后,本文测量了球壳目标散射近场的空间指向特性,并与远场指向特性进行了比较。     

粗糙面后向散射的基尔霍夫标量近似法研究

实际的粗糙面由高斯型粗糙来模拟,结合高斯型粗糙面的相关系数,依据基尔霍夫标量近似法给出了高斯型粗糙面后向散射系数表达式,通过数值计算得到了后向散射系数随入射角及入射波波长的变化曲线,分析了粗糙面高度起伏均方根、相关长度、介质介电常数、入射波波长对后向散射系数的影响,得到了较完整的高斯粗糙面后向散射特征.     

近红外波段气溶胶粒子形状和性质对散射特性的影响

为了研究近红外波段气溶胶粒子的形状和性质对散射特性的影响,将气溶胶粒子视为非球形粒子,并用T矩阵理论对0.94 μm波段的气溶胶粒子进行了一系列计算分析.计算结果表明:进行单个气溶胶粒子的散射计算时其形状因子是不可忽视的元素,单个气溶胶粒子的散射相函数随着粒子形状的不同在前向和后向有明显变化;进行气溶胶粒子前向体散射计算时非球形粒子近似成球形粒子带来的误差较小,后向误差仍较大;气溶胶粒子性质的不同,即折射指数和数密度的不同对散射特性影响较大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.