公民社会方法论的自由主义与共同体主义

20世纪80、90年代,在政治哲学领域掀起了一场自由主义与共同体主义的学术论战,争论的焦点是:权利优先于善,还是善优先于权利.这反映了双方政治价值观的内在差异,即个人的自由、尊严与共同体的公共利益、公共善哪个更重要.但是,通过梳理争论双方的立场、论证逻辑与结论,可以看出,自由主义与共同体主义只是建设好的公民社会的两种策略,或者可以称之为公民社会方法论的自由主义和共同体主义.这场争论一定程度上反映出西方自由主义面临的现实危机,通过反思自由主义,可以大大增进我们对于公民社会的理解.     

当代国外公民教育的发展及其主要思潮述评

西方公民教育肇始于古希腊罗马时期的哲学思想,到了近代,伴随西方主要资本主义国家重新开始重视公民教育,从而形成了真正意义上的公民教育和各种公民教育思潮。自由主义、共和主义、社群主义和多元文化论是当代国外公民教育中影响较大的并具有代表性的思潮。为了正确引导国外公民教育思潮对我国公民教育的影响。因此,我们有必要了解国外公民教育发展概况及其主要思潮的教育理念和目标,这对我们进行国外公民教育与中国公民教育理论比较研究,帮助我们认清西方公民教育的本质,防止中国公民教育西化具有重要意义。     

西方公民社会概念的历史演变

公民社会概念在西方经历了漫长的演变过程。在古希腊罗马时代，公民社会通常是指政治共同体或城邦国家，与之相对应的是人类的自然（或野蛮）状态。现代公民社会概念的出现是近代欧洲政治国家与公民社会相分离的反映，它包括了政治国家之外的社会生活的一切领域。它是由黑格尔在吸收了众多思想家理论成果的基础上提出并由马克思予以完善的科学概念。当代公民社会理论认为经济领域已从公民社会中分离出去，主张采取公民社会-经济-国家的三分法，指出公民社会应该主要由社会和文化领域构成。当代西方公民社会概念可以说是古希腊罗马以及17、18世纪英国人和法国人代表的古典公民社会概念与黑格尔和马克思等人代表的现代公民社会概念在当代的融合及发展。     

传统文化在公民意识塑造中的作用

公民意识是民众在民主政治生活时代必须具备的一种社会意识，具体包括：公民的人格意识、公民的权利、义务意识、公民的纳税意识、公民的自由意识、公民的法律意识。中国传统文化中缺乏自由、民主、平等思想，没有公民意识的基因．要培养民众的公民意识．必须客观公正的审视传统文化的影响，借助于西方传统文化，才能塑造出建立法治中国所必需的公民意识。     

政治现代化视域下的公民文化探索

论述了公民文化与政治现代化的关系，指出政治现代化的发展需要培育与其相适应的公民文化。作为缺乏公民意识的中国来说，面临着建设中国特色公民文化的重任，其关键点则在于传统臣民文化向现代公民文化转向。为此，需要从社会主义市场经济、民主政治体制、公民自身素质等各个层面为之提供条件。     

公民身份研究的热潮及其共和主义视角——评《共和主义公民身份与当代中国政治发展》

公民身份,作为公民与国家关系的制度化,自亚里士多德以来就是西方政治思想研究和探讨的一个基本问题。20世纪七八十年代,公民身份理念由于自由主义正义观念和社群主义共同体成员资格诉求的强烈冲击而一度变得有些沉寂,甚至过时。但到了90年代,由于欧美国家对马歇     

改革开放以来我国公民社会建设的理路

起源于西方的公民社会理念,正随着我国市场经济和民主政治的发展而渐入人心,并对中国的经济、政治、社会生活产生着日益重大的影响.在把握公民社会概念的基础上,深入分析公民社会理论的源流,对践行科学发展观,促进社会和谐具有重大战略意义.     

“公民不服从”的内涵、条件及其意义

从柏拉图《克里托篇》中苏格拉底拒绝以越狱的方式来逃脱不公正的审判开始,＂公民不服从＂就成为了政治哲学领域的一个备受关注的命题,并在西方形成了一个公民不服从的传统。公民不服从,作为一种基于良心拒绝而引发的违法活动,在间接的推动现代法治进程和公民权益保障的同时,也对于现代政治哲学理论提出了挑战。进一步明确和界定公民不服从的理论内涵,探究＂公民不服从＂发生条件及其对于政治发展的意义,对于我们更好的理解和规避＂公民不服从＂,具有重要的借鉴意义。     

公民文化培育与社会主义民主政治发展

公民文化是一种以民主为核心理念的政治文化,是民主政治的文化基础.它通过确立公民政治主体意识、强化公民的政治参与意识等方式稳定和推动民主政治的发展.因此,公民文化的培育,对于当代中国的社会主义民主政治发展来说.具有深远的意义.培育公民文化.关键在于推行公民教育,加强民主制度建设,鼓励公民践行政治活动.     

西方公民理论的特征及其评析

本文认为公民理论是公民文化的重要组成部分之一,西方的公民理论早在古希腊罗马就已产生了,经过数百年的发展,形成了一些独特的特征:(一)重视个人自由和人格尊严;(二)强调公民的政治参与;(三)把民主和法治视为实现公民权利的保障。具有这些特征的公民理论所以会在西方产生与西方重视人的自主性的文化传统,以商品经济为核心的开放的社会环境是密切相关的。西方公民理论既有积极的、有利于人的全面发展的积极方面,也有其不可避免的阶级的、社会的局限性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.