肺灌注/通气显像与肺动脉造影诊断肺动脉栓塞的对比研究

目的评价核素肺通气/灌注(V/Q)显像在肺动脉栓塞(PE)诊断中的价值。方法临床疑有PE患者30例,男女各15例,平均年龄(38.2±13.9)岁。均行胸部X线片检查、核素V/Q显像和肺动脉造影。11例患者在行肺灌注显像时,选择双侧足背静脉注射肺灌注显像剂,同时完成双下肢静脉显像。结果30例患者中22例V/Q显像示不相匹配的肺叶、肺段或多发亚肺段的放射性分布稀疏或缺损,提示为PE;但肺动脉造影证实22例中20例为PE。8例患者的V/Q显像为相匹配的肺叶、肺段或多发亚肺段的稀疏或缺损,提示不是PE,与肺动脉造影结果一致。核素V/Q显像诊断PE的灵敏度为100%（20/20例）,特异性为80.0%（8/10例）,准确性为93.3%（28/30例）。X线胸片和核素下肢静脉显像有助于PE的正确诊断。结论多数PE患者通过核素肺V/Q显像结合X线胸片可以作出明确诊断,少数肺V/Q显像与临床表现不符的患者需行肺动脉造影。     

肺通气/灌注显像在慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨肺通气/灌注(V/Q)显像在慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)诊断中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析临床怀疑CTEPH的76例患者(男46例,女30例,年龄27～84岁)的肺V/Q断层显像结果,与CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)检查结果进行比较.分别计算核素显像与CTPA诊断CTEPH的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,并应用SPSS 11.5软件行x2检验,对2种方法诊断效能进行比较.同时对CTEPH患者V/Q显像受累肺段的分布进行分析.结果 临床最终确诊CTEPH 47例(肺动脉造影或病史结合影像学检查结果确诊),非CTEPH 29例.V/Q显像对CTEPH的诊断灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为97.9％(46/47)、86.2％ (25/29)、93.4％(71/76)、92.0％(46/50)和96.2％ (25/26),CTPA的检查对应结果分别为78.7％ (37/47)、93.1％ (27/29)、84.2％ (64/76)、94.9％ (37/39)和73.0％(27/37),V/Q显像的灵敏度(x2=5.818,P=0.012)和阴性预测值(x2=5.693,P=0.017)均高于CTPA.V/Q显像可以对CTEPH和特发性PAH及遗传性PAH进行鉴别诊断:CTEPH患者灌注显像呈肺叶、肺段分布的稀疏缺损区,而通气显像基本正常,特发性及遗传性PAH灌注显像则表现为不呈肺段分布的多发、散在的“斑片状”稀疏缺损区或血流灌注基本正常.在47例CTEPH患者的940个肺段中,肺灌注断层显像共检出585个(62.2％)受累肺段,平均每例患者有12.4个肺段受累,右肺受累比例明显高于左肺[36.2％ (340/940)与26.1％ (245/940);x2=40.85,P＜0.01].结论 V/Q显像在CTEPH的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有较高的临床应用价值.V/Q显像正常可排除CTEPH的诊断;而在临床高度怀疑CTEPH、CTPA与肺动脉造影检查均为阴性时,V/Q显像对CTEPH的诊断具有重要意义.     

肺通气/灌注显像与磁共振肺动脉造影诊断肺栓塞初步对比分析

目的 通过对肺栓塞(PE)患者肺通气/灌注(V/Q)显像与磁共振肺动脉造影(MRPA)的初步对比分析,评价其临床价值.方法 28例临床及心电图改变怀疑PE的患者,其中男11例,女17例,年龄(50.1±14.4)岁,在3 d内分别行肺V/Q显像及MRPA.经肺动脉造影、手术及溶栓治疗有效证实为PE者22例,分为肺叶、肺段、亚肺段受累3个组.另6例经临床综合分析及随访诊断证实为非PE,其中1例经肺动脉造影证实.结果 肺叶PE组共10个肺叶受累,V/Q显像和MRPA检查结果一致.肺段PE组V/Q显像显示125段受累,MRPA检测139支段支动脉受累,后者检出肺段数高,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.110).亚肺段PE组,V/Q显像显示84个亚肺段受累,MRPA报告55个亚段动脉支受累,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于肺叶和肺段PE,MRPA和V/Q显像都是灵敏的;对于亚肺段PE,V/Q显像明显优于MRPA.     

双能量CT肺灌注及血管成像与核素肺通气灌注成像诊断肺栓塞的对照研究

目的 通过与核素肺通气灌注显像比较,评价双能量CT肺血管成像(DE-CTPA)及双能量CT肺灌注成像(DE-CTLP)技术诊断肺栓塞的能力.方法 比较50例临床怀疑肺栓塞的患者DE-CTPA、DE-CTLP及核素肺通气灌注显像结果,以非线性相关检验比较DE-CTPA显示肺血管腔内充盈缺损与DE-CTLP显示灌注缺损之间的相关性,以核素为参考标准,应用一致性检验方法(Kappa检验)对照分析两者之间的一致性及DE-CTLP诊断肺栓塞的敏感性和特异性.结果 (1)50例临床怀疑肺栓塞患者中,4例CT图像质量差,不能评价.余46例共920个有效肺段中,DE-CTPA显示262个肺段肺血管腔内充盈缺损,DE-CTLP显示266个肺段明确灌注缺损.核素肺通气灌注扫描显示268个肺段灌注与通气不匹配.(2)DE-CTLP与DE-CTPA两者间显著相关(r=0.883,P<0.01);DE-CTLP与核素肺通气灌注显像的一致性良好(Kappa=0.940,P<0.01);以核素肺通气灌注成像为诊断参考标准,应用DE-CTLP诊断肺栓塞的阳性预测值95.5%(279/292),阴性预测值98.3%(641/652),敏感性96.2%(279/290),特异性98.0%(641/654).(3)应用CareDose 4D技术,DE-CTPA和DE-CTLP患者平均射线损伤剂量为(4.37±0.47)mSv.结论 应用DE-CTPA和DE-CTLP技术可以在一次扫描中同时获得常规CT肺血管成像的血管形态学信息和肺实质血流灌注情况,为临床诊断肺栓塞提供直观、有效的综合影像信息.     

肺灌注/通气显像与肺动脉造影诊断肺栓塞的对比分析

目的：评价肺灌注／通气显像诊断肿栓塞的价值。方法：回顾性分析45例疑肺栓塞患者的肺核素显像结果，并与肺动脉造影检查对照。结果：肺动脉造影诊断为肺栓塞的患者26例，有180个肺动脉支为充盈缺损，其肺灌注显像示167个节段呈完全肺段性或亚肺段缺损，符合率为92．7％。肺动脉造影显示为86个肺动脉支为部分充盈缺损，肺灌注显像有63个肺段或亚肺段缺损，符合率为73．2％（P＜0．01）。肺核素显像对肺栓塞诊断的灵敏度为92．3％，特异性为84．2％，阳性预测值和阴性预测值均为88．9％。26例肺动脉造影诊断为肺栓塞的患者，有23例行肺通气显像，通气／灌注均不匹配。结论：肺灌注／通气显像对肺栓塞诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

大动脉炎累及肺动脉肺通气/灌注显像一例

笔者报道了一例大动脉炎累及肺动脉肺通气/灌注显像的病例。从临床症状、体征、实验室检查、影像学检查等方面分析该病例特点。肺通气/灌注显像示右肺全肺、左肺上叶尖后段、左肺下叶背段、左肺外基底段的肺通气、肺灌注显像不匹配。仅从肺通气/灌注显像结果来看,易误诊为肺栓塞,但结合患者病史、检查结果及相关文献,综合分析考虑为大动脉炎累及肺动脉。通过文献复习加深了对大动脉炎的认识。对于大动脉炎累及肺动脉患者,肺动脉造影检查为有创性,而肺通气/灌注显像为无创性,且诊断准确率也较高,不失为一种较好的诊断及疗效评估的手段,提示临床医师尽早采取积极的对症治疗措施,改善患者预后。     

16层螺旋CT与核素肺灌注/通气显像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的　探讨 16层螺旋CT与核素肺灌注 /通气显像对急性肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法　回顾 3 2例临床确诊的肺动脉栓塞病人的影像资料 (螺旋CT平扫加增强扫描 ,核素肺灌注 /通气显像扫描 ) ,进行对比分析。结果　螺旋CT增强检查的病变检出率为 90 .6% ,段级肺动脉栓塞受累率为 43 .2 % ,核素肺灌注 /通气显像检查病变检出率为 84.4% ,肺段栓塞受累率为 3 6.8%。结论　螺旋CT增强检查是观察肺动脉栓塞直接征象的理想方法 ,与核素肺显像相结合 ,更能全面分析病情。     

肺灌注显像结合X线胸片诊断急性肺栓塞

目的探讨肺灌注显像／x线胸片检查（Q／X）替代肺灌注／通气显像（Q／V）用于急性肺栓塞诊断的可行性。方法72例疑诊急性肺栓塞，且肺灌注显像显示至少有一个肺段灌注缺损的患者，24h内行x线胸片检查和肺通气显像，比较Q／X和QIV的诊断符合率和准确性。结果Q／x与Q／V结果的符合率为84．7％，Q／x对Q／V的阳性预测值为83．7％，阴性预测值为87．0％。在该组病例中，Q／X诊断急性肺栓塞的灵敏度为94．9％，特异性为63．6％，准确性为80．6％；而Q／V则分别为94．9％，78．8％和87．5％。5例慢性阻塞性肺部疾病（COPD）Q／X均显示不匹配，而Q／v均显示匹配，两者结果不同。结论对于多数疑诊急性肺栓塞患者，Q／X可以替代Q／v用于诊断，但对于COPD患者应选择Q／V。     

肺通气/灌注断层显像诊断肺栓塞的临床应用

肺通气/灌注(V/Q)显像为诊断肺栓塞(PE)的主要影像学方法.笔者用肺V/Q断层显像与平面显像比较,结果示肺V/Q断层显像在诊断.PE时更具有优势,现报道如下.     

肺通气/灌注显像与HCTPA诊断肺动脉栓塞的价值

目的　评价核素肺通气 灌注(V Q)显像、螺旋CT肺动脉造影(HCTPA)及血浆D 二聚体在诊断肺动脉血栓中的作用。方法　临床疑为肺动脉栓塞(PE)患者4 2例,男2 6例,女16例,平均年龄( 4 9 18±16 5 6 )岁,均行核素肺V Q显像、HCTPA及血浆D 二聚体测定。其中32例患者在行肺灌注显像时,选择双足背静脉注射肺灌注显像剂,同时完成双下肢静脉显像。结果　4 2例患者中34例经临床诊断为PE ,肺V Q显像诊断PE的灵敏度、准确性和阳性预测值分别为94 12 %、90 4 8%和94 12 % ,HCTPA分别为85 2 9%、83 33%和93 5 5 % ,D 二聚体分别为5 2 94 %、5 7 14 %和90 0 0 %。32例行下肢深静脉显像的PE患者中2 0例有下肢静脉血栓。结论　肺V Q显像无创、安全、简便,诊断PE的灵敏度、准确性高。核素肺显像诊断亚肺段水平PE的能力明显高于HCTPA。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.