数字文件CAD格式转换GIS格式的应用

林业单位与城建、国土等部门进行建设项目使用林地前置审批工作的协调配合比较多，后者一般使用 CAD数据，而林业单位则需要将CAD格式的数字文件，转换为林业地理信息经常采用的GIS格式数据以后，才能进行下一步的具体应用。因此，熟练掌握数字文件CAD格式转换为GIS格式，对林业单位正常工作的开展具有重要的意义。结合工作实际，主要就林业单位中数字文件 CAD格式转换为GIS格式的具体应用进行了阐述。     

MapGIS数据转换方法研究

GIS数据的共享一直是GIS研究中的一个重点内容,通常人们将GIS数据的转换与地图数据的转换混为一谈,结果将GIS数据转换复杂化。文中将这2种数据转换分开研究,针对地图数据的转换提出了直接转换法、对照转换法和程序转换法。针对GIS数据的转换提出了一种分开-间接转换法,它先将GIS数据转换为空间数据与属性数据2个文件,然后将其分别转入目标软件下后,再将其挂接,使它们联系起来或融为一个整体。     

运用MAPGIS软件生成宗地图

叙述了多种方法将CAD格式的地籍数据通过MAPGIS地理信息平台生成宗地图的做法、在南方CASS6．1下生成界址点数据文件（QS文件）的做法以及通过地籍管理信息系统软件下的外业处理DATAIN模块生成外业WP文件的生成的做法。指出，将已有的地籍数据转换为GIS数据，能有效地利用当前的数字地图资源，避免数据的重复采集，提高数据精度，降低劳动强度，节省费用。     

CAD数据转GIS数据过程中面要素生成方法研究

论文分析了目前CAD数据到GIS数据转换过程仍然存在的问题。结合实际应用情况,作者从数据转换过程的核心问题（面要素转换问题）展开论述,详细论述了面要素转换的各个步骤存在的问题及解决方法,最终形成开发应用程序,在部分测绘单位得到很好的应用并取得显著的成效。     

ACAD图形转入ARC/INFO方法的探讨

CAD文件是GIS数据集合中的一个重要来源。笔者从实际工作出发,就ACAD到ESRI ARC/INFO软件的转换介绍一些相关的步骤和方法。     

基于ArcInfo的CAD数据到GIS数据转换初探

以一幅1:2 000烟台市AutoCAD地形图数据为例,简单介绍了CAD数据到GIS数据转换的一般步骤,重点探讨了AML语言在GIS数据转换中的作用.     

空间数据在不同平台间的转换方法

空间数据共享方法的研究一直深受GIS界重视，文章主要介绍了如何利用中间文件实现空间数据在几种不同GIS平台之间的转换，以此达到数据共享的目的。具体实现了EPSW2002测绘平台数据向MapInfo的转换，AutoCAD数据向SurwayGIS的转换，AutoCAD数据向ArcInfo的转换等三种转换方法。     

浅谈将CAD地图及纸质印刷地图转为MAPINFO格式的方法

GIS技术的高速发展,地理信息系统技术在国民经济各行业的应用越来越广泛.为各行业的管理提供精确的空间地理信息数据.发挥着重要的作用,电子地图的处理是一个必须面对的前题,本文介绍从CAD地图或者是纸质的地图挂图转换为相应的电子地图格式的方法.     

CAD数据到GIS数据自动转换方法探讨

分析了现有CAD数据与GIS数据转换的研究成果,在分析AutoCAD与ArcGIS数据特点的基础上,提出并设计了基于规则库的CAD数据到GIS数据转换方法,并基于该方法开发应用程序,通过在实际数据生产中的应用分析,该方法的优点是可避免数据转换过程的信息丢失和建立完整要素关系,并可通过规则库实现转换过程及质量的可控制性。     

规则库支持下的CAD数据到GIS数据自动转换方法探讨

论文分析了现有CAD数据与GIS数据转换的研究成果，在分析AutoCAD与ArcGIS数据特点的基础上，提出并设计了基于规则库的CAD数据到GIS数据转换方法，并基于该方法开发应用程序，通过在实际数据生产中的应用分析，该方法的优点是可避免数据转换过程的信息丢失和建立完整要素关系，并可通过规则库实现转换过程及质量的可控制性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.