改进SPA法在地下水环境质量综合评价中的应用——以福建省晋江市为例

以福建省晋江市浅层地下水作为评价对象,采用改进的五元联系度集对分析法进行综合评价,并以地图表达其空间分布.结果表明,区内大部分处于地下水分级标准Ⅰ,Ⅱ级,说明研究区地下水环境质量整体处于良好水平.其中处于地下水分级标准Ⅲ级(较差水平)的主要分布于境内沿海地带的东石镇,且面积较小.主要超标因子为TDS、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、氯化物,表明工农业发展、人类活动加剧及海水入侵是造成地下水质变差的主要原因.     

修正的灰色聚类关联法对晋江市浅层地下水质量综合评价

将浅层地下水看作是一个灰色系统,并运用灰色聚类与灰色关联理论进行综合评价.引入指数函数拓宽白化函数的覆盖范围,结合指标变权法确定权重计算综合灰色关联度,得出评价等级及优劣次序.评价结果表明晋江市绝大部分区域浅层地下水水质状况良好,影响其地下水质量的指标主要为TDS、Mn2+、NO-3、NO-2、NH+4、Cl-;水质较差区主要分布于境内沿海湾、工业较密集区及引污水灌溉农田地区,说明原生地质与偏酸性土壤环境、海水入侵、地表水下渗、工农业发展和人类活动分别是造成本区水质变化的原因.     

基于GIS的地统计分析在区域水质评价中的应用——以内蒙古临河市为例

地下水水质具有区域空间分布的特征.本文以内蒙古临河市浅层地下水为研究对象.根据地下水水质调查分析结果.利用水质卫生综合指数法对采样点地下水水质进行综合评价.利用ArcGIs的地统计空间分析功能,对评价结果数据进行分析,选择合理的插值方法,得到研究区地下水水质的空间分布图,结果表明:1级水占25.14%,主要分布在研究区东南部和西南部;水质差(4、5级水)的区域主要分布在研究区的北部及中部部分地区,约占研究区总面积的54.42%.最后探讨了GIs在区域地下水水质评价中的优势及存在的问题.     

模糊评判在地下水质量评价中的应用

针对济阳县地下水水质特点,选用Fe、Cl-、SO2-4、NO-3、NO-2、F-、As、Hg、Cu等27个监测指标,采用模糊评判法评价出济阳县地下水水质处于II类水-V类水之间,与综合指数法评价结果对比表明,模糊评判法更适合于劣质地下水质量评价.     

福建省莆田城区地下水质量现势性分析评价

在分析莆田城区的水文地质特征基础上,进行水文地质单元划分.采用模糊综合评价法,分析评价了地下水质量现势及分布特征.综合分析认为:莆田城区浅层地下水质量总体较差,基本上与该区域地下水实际状况相符;分布特征为木兰溪下游及入海口地下水质量极差,沿海岸线及木兰溪中游两岸地下较差,远离海岸线或往山丘地带水质逐渐往较好—良好趋势展布.     

集对分析法在洞庭湖区浅层水质评价中的应用

利用集对分析法对洞庭湖区水质质量进行评价,了解洞庭湖区浅层地下水环境质量的现状,横向对比区域水质综合状况,以及为今后开展浅层地下水污染机理研究、防治提供科学的依据。集对分析法分析研究的浅水水质是科学有效地,对促进社会经济发展有着重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

福建省晋江市浅层地下水地球化学特征及环境质量评价

以福建省晋江市调查获取的浅层地下水数据为基础,对25项测试指标的地球化学特征进行了统计,从变异系数分析该区浅层地下水中Mn2+、SO42-、NO2-、Cl-、PO42-等指标CV%大于1,说明受外界因素影响较大,其他指标受影响较小,空间分布较稳定。根据Piper三线图划分标准,该区浅层地下水类型主要为Cl-·HCO3-—K++Na+·Ca2+型。参照地下水质量标准,对该区浅层地下水进行了环境质量综合评价,结合GIS和地统计构建地下水环境质量数字地面模型,结果表明该区整体综合环境质量状况较好,优良率达到81.67%,但评价结果处于Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类的浅层地下水占17.06%,主要为TDS、Cl-、NO3-、NO2-、NH4+超标,分析认为与海水入侵,农业生产,工业、生活污水排放有关。     

西坝镇高产农田浅层地下水水化学特征、 成因及水质分析

本研究以西坝镇高产农田区浅层地下水为研究对象,通过采用现场调研、室内实验、水化学分析和统计分析相结合的综合研究方法,分析了浅层地下水的水化学特征、成因及水质。结果表明：地下水中Ca2+、HCO- 3占主要优势,水化学类型为Ca-HCO3和Ca-SO4;NO- 3离子超标严重,超标点位占总取样点的66.7%,空间分布变化幅度大并出现局部的高浓度现象;研究区Ca2+、Mg2+与溶解性固体(TDS)呈高度线性相关、Ca2+和Mg2+呈高度线性相关和Ca2+和Mg2+与Cl-呈显著线性相关,地下水化学过程主要以风化-溶滤作用为主,化学类型主要形成作用为大气降水以及碳酸盐和硫酸盐的溶解;通过水质分析表明研究区浅层地下水不适合作为居民饮用水源,灌溉用水盐度危害中等偏高,建议对污染水体做处理后利用。     

基于博弈论的磷石膏充填水质物元评价

 为研究磷石膏充填对地下水环境的影响,选取水中总汞、总砷、六价铬、铁、锰、铜、锌、总磷、氟化物的含量共9 个影响因子作评价指标,采用物元分析理论进行评价;针对传统物元评价中单一赋权方法确定评价指标权重的不足,引入博弈论思想,对评价指标组合赋权,建立基于博弈论的磷石膏充填水质组合赋权-物元评价模型,以《地下水质量标准》为依据对不同采样点涌水水质综合评价。结果表明:1)基于博弈论的物元分析法体现了不同评价因子对水质的影响,结果更加全面、系统、真实;2)未充填区域水质可达到I 级水质标准,充填区域较差,循环用水最差,为V 类水质标准;3)评价结果为磷石膏充填水环境保护方案的提出及矿山安全、绿色开采的实现提供了科学依据。     

基于物元模型的江苏省县域综合发展水平评价与区域差异研究

以物元分析理论为基础,建立指标评价体系,通过物元模型对江苏省各县(市)的综合发展水平进行测度,从3个层次对影响县域综合发展水平的因素进行评价,并应用地理加权回归模型对影响综合发展水平及其空间分布的因素进行分析.结果表明:江苏省大部分县域处于低水平及中低发展水平,且空间分布不均衡.整体上呈现"东南-西北"走势,由苏南、苏中到苏北地区,县域综合发展评价等级呈现出递减的状况.4类子系统均对区域综合发展水平有较为明显的作用,对区域综合发展水平空间分异的贡献度大体上呈现出南高北低的格局.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.