兰炭废水处理工艺的试验研究

针对兰炭废水高COD、高氨氮、B/C极低以及具有较强生物毒性的特点,采用具有自主知识产权的除油—微电解—吹氨—高效菌种生化技术—混凝沉淀—催化氧化联合工艺对兰炭废水进行处理。试验结果表明:兰炭废水经预处理工序后,B/C由0.1提高至0.3~0.6;生化工序处理后出水的COD和氨氮分别为300、15 mg/L;最终通过深度处理后出水水质符合《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB 16171—2012)中的现有企业直接排放标准,该组合工艺对COD和氨氮的总去除率分别可达99.5%和99%。     

煤化工高含盐废水去除有机物研究

对"混凝+活性炭吸附"联用工艺处理煤化工高含盐废水进行了试验研究,考察了相关工艺参数对COD去除效果的影响;选用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)为混凝剂,当PFS投加量为0.5 g/L、聚丙烯酰胺助凝剂投加量10 mg/L、废水初始p H为8.69时,COD去除率达到29.0%;选用柱状活性炭为吸附剂,当活性炭投加量60 g/L、废水初始p H为7.40、吸附时间120 min时,COD去除率为70.1%,出水COD小于80 mg/L;结果表明,该工艺可以有效去除煤化工高含盐废水COD。     

壳聚糖复合粉煤灰吸附处理含氮废水的实验研究

通过单因素实验和正交实验,对壳聚糖复合粉煤灰吸附处理含氮废水进行了实验研究,研究了吸附时间,吸附剂投加量,p H对氨氮去除率的影响趋势。结果显示三个因素对氨氮去除率影响大小为:吸附时间氨氮废水p H吸附剂投加量。最佳处理条件确定为吸附时间60min,投加量3 g,p H为9,此时氨氮的去除率为12.02%。     

Fenton氧化—吹脱法预处理兰炭废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化—吹脱法进行了兰炭废水预处理试验研究,分别考察了COD、色度和氨氮的去除效果及其影响因素。结果表明,处理100 mL的兰炭废水时,Fenton氧化的最佳工艺条件为:30%的H2O2投加量为40 mL、n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=20、pH=6;吹脱除氨的最佳工艺条件为:温度为60℃、pH=11;在此条件下,Fenton氧化—吹脱法对COD、色度和氨氮的去除率分别达到了95.72%、95%和88%,废水的可生化性提高了4～5倍。     

氨基乙酸工业废水的治理

采用氨氮吹脱及生化物化组合工艺可有效地去除废水中的污染物,当废水进水CODcr浓度在3 000～5 000m g/L范围内,CODcr去除率可达95%,生化出水经投加化学絮凝荆和两级吸附过滤后,CODcr可进一步去除50%左右,可满足排放标准要求.     

兰炭废水预处理工艺的实验研究

针对兰炭废水高COD、高挥发酚、低B/C的特点,采用溶剂萃取、超高交联树脂吸附以及氨氮吹脱的组合工艺对兰炭废水进行预处理实验研究。结果表明:以正辛醇为萃取剂,pH=2.0,废水与萃取剂的比值(水油比)5︰1,二级逆流萃取;超高交联树脂吸附流速2BV/h,甲醇作为脱附剂;氨氮吹脱时间3 h,在此种条件下,兰炭废水COD以及氨氮去除率分别是92.3%、90%,废水的可生化性提高,因此溶剂萃取、超高交联树脂吸附以及氨氮吹脱的组合工艺可作为兰炭废水的预处理工艺。     

臭氧氧化法强化处理纤维素乙醇废水研究

为提高纤维素乙醇废水厌氧出水的可生化性,采用臭氧氧化法对其进行强化处理,考察了反应时间、臭氧投加量、初始p H及反应温度对纤维素乙醇废水可生化性、COD和氨氮去除效果的影响。结果表明,在初始pH为8~10,臭氧投加量为5 g/h,反应时间为80 min,反应温度为30℃的最优条件下,出水COD为1 450 mg/L左右,COD去除率稳定在35%左右;出水氨氮为220 mg/L左右,氨氮去除率稳定在40%以上,出水BOD_5/COD由0.1提高到0.3左右,废水的可生化性得到较大程度的提高。     

铁碳微电解–Fenton联合处理化学镀镍废水

为去除化学镀镍废水中的镍离子和氨氮,研究了铁碳微电解–Fenton联合处理技术。探讨了废水初始p H、铁屑投加量、铁屑与活性炭质量比、反应时间和H2O2投加量对处理效果的影响。结果表明,当初始p H为3,铁屑投加量为40 g/L,铁炭质量比为2∶1,H2O2/Fe2+为1.2(质量比),反应20 min后镍离子的去除率达99.8%以上,出水镍离子含量<0.1 mg/L,氨氮去除率达46.1%。     

壳聚糖改性膨润土处理氨氮废水的实验研究

研究壳聚糖改性膨润土的制备方法及处理氨氮废水的工艺条件,提高膨润土处理氨氮废水的效果。以钠基膨润土为原料,壳聚糖为改性剂,制备壳聚糖改性膨润土。用改性膨润土处理氨氮废水,考察改性剂添加量、搅拌速度及p H值等因素氨氮去除率的影响。p H值为10时,氨氮去除率为68.55%;搅拌速率为300 r/min时,氨氮去除率为61.42%。结果表明壳聚糖改性膨润土处理氨氮废水的最优条件为:壳聚糖0.1 g,钠基膨润土10 g,壳聚糖改性膨润土适宜投加量4 g,搅拌时间30 min,搅拌速度300 r/min,p H值为10。     

电镀废水中重金属离子的去除研究

对某电镀厂的电镀废水采用破氰、亚硫酸钠还原和聚丙烯酰胺絮凝沉淀的方法去除其中的Cr6+和Cu2+。结果表明,最佳破氰条件为:p H=10,破氰率可达96.4%,废水中的CN-浓度降为0.122 mg/L;Cr6+的最佳还原条件为:p H=2,亚硫酸钠投加量为300 mg/L,还原率可达91.4%;Cr6+的最佳沉淀条件为:p H=2,聚丙烯酰胺的投加量为3g/L,去除率可达87.0%,废水中的Cr6+浓度降为0.195 mg/L;Cu2+的最佳沉淀条件为:p H=9,聚丙烯酰胺的投加量为2 g/L,去除率可达79.6%,废水中的Cu2+浓度降为0.318 mg/L。经过处理后,CN-,Cr6+和Cu2+的出水浓度均达到行业排放标准。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.