共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 343 毫秒
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脂质在不同食品中组成各有差别,影响着食品的品质、营养和卫生,是人体重要的能量和营养来源,与许多慢性疾病(如心脑血管病、癌症、阿尔茨海默病、糖尿病等)的发生发展有直接的联系。脂质营养的深入研究不仅对食品质量安全,还对临床医学和农牧业生产等多个领域产生影响。随着脂质分离检测技术的快速发展,产生了一门系统分析脂质的新兴学科——脂质组学。作为代谢组学最重要的分支之一,脂质组学广泛应用于食品脂质的研究中。本文介绍了脂质组学的研究流程,并重点对脂质组学在食品成分分析、品质判别、真伪鉴别、产地溯源和食品安全的应用进行综述,最后总结了脂质组学在食品质量安全领域的局限性并予以展望,以期为脂质组学在食品质量安全领域的应用提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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脂质组学是继蛋白组学、代谢组学之后,研究生物不同脂质分子的化学结构、生物功能及其在代谢调控中的动态变化,揭示脂质在生物样本中代谢调控机制的学科。水产品是农业和食品领域中的一门重要分支,脂质组学这一新兴学科正逐步扩展延伸到水产品相关技术邻域,为水产品的代谢、加工、贮藏、营养等研究提供了更为有效的技术手段,为学科注入了新的活力。随着脂质提取方法的发展和分析技术的不断创新,水产品脂质组学正逐渐走向成熟。本文探讨了目前脂质组学研究中几种常用的脂质提取方法和分析技术,并从脂质轮廓出发,对脂质组学在水产品研究中的应用和发展做出总结。目前脂质组学在水产品中的应用所涉及的方面广泛,如加工贮藏、功能营养、代谢疾病等,并且发展迅速,正逐步朝着规模性整体性的方向发展,有着无限的潜力。 相似文献
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糖尿病早期无任何症状,或仅伴有轻度乏力、不适、口渴等不明显症状,但糖尿病的诊断标准仅血糖一项,较为单一,并且早期病变期的患者血糖指数变化并不明显,往往在发生严重并发症时才察觉。脂质组学的发展,能够通过对糖尿病患者和健康人群的血浆脂质组分的检测、比较,建立更为全面、准确的糖尿病病前诊断和病后治疗效果的评价标准。综述了脂质组学在糖尿病及其并发症诊断和治疗中的作用,总结了糖尿病诊断过程中的主要脂质标志物,探究了膳食结构和药物对糖尿病患者血浆中脂质标志物种类和数量变化的影响。 相似文献
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为探明烟叶醇化过程中代谢物和脂质的变化规律,本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)和液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS)相结合的方法对不同产地烟叶醇化过程中的化学成分进行了代谢组学和脂质组学分析。结果表明,醇化后的烟叶中糖类、氨基酸、脂质和核苷酸等初级代谢产物的相对含量减少,黄酮类、苯衍生物、酚类和萜类化合物等次级代谢产物则增加;进一步研究发现,上述初级代谢产物的变化随醇化时间(1~7年)的增加而递减,而次级代谢产物呈现逐年递增的趋势。同一品种云烟87(YY87)在不同产地(广东和湖南)之间化学成分差异较大,主要为氨基酸和膜脂,而醇化后差异减小。综上所述,代谢组学和脂质组学方法能有效区分醇化和非醇化烟叶,并且能揭示不同醇化程度烟叶的特征及不同产地对烟叶化学成分的影响。 相似文献
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随着经济的快速发展和生活水平的不断提高,食品的营养价值、品质安全受到人们的广泛关注。代谢组学是继基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学后的一门新兴组学,日益成为食品科学研究中一种重要的分析技术。代谢处于生命活动调控的末端,相较于其他组学,代谢组学更接近表型。作为一种新型研究手段,代谢组学从整体水平上研究生命体代谢活动和状态,对生物体系中的小分子化合物进行定性定量研究,具有高通量、高灵敏性和高准确性等特点,可以有效克服传统方法的局限性。本文概述了代谢组学的概念、研究方法、分析技术,并介绍了近年来国内外对代谢组学在食品营养、食品安全、食品加工、食品溯源及转基因食品等方面的应用与研究进展,为后续研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Tong Sun Xincen Wang Peixu Cong Jie Xu Changhu Xue 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2020,19(5):2530-2558
With the advance in science and technology as well as the improvement of living standards, the function of food is no longer just to meet the needs of survival. Food science and its associated nutritional health issues have been increasingly debated. Lipids, as complex metabolites, play a key role both in food and human health. Taking advantages of mass spectrometry (MS) by combining its high sensitivity and accuracy with extensive selective determination of all lipid classes, MS‐based lipidomics has been employed to resolve the conundrum of addressing both qualitative and quantitative aspects of high‐abundance and low‐abundance lipids in complex food matrices. In this review, we systematically summarize current applications of MS‐based lipidomics in food field. First, common MS‐based lipidomics procedures are described. Second, the applications of MS‐based lipidomics in food science, including lipid composition characterization, adulteration, traceability, and other issues, are discussed. Third, the application of MS‐based lipidomics for nutritional health covering the influence of food on health and disease is introduced. Finally, future research trends and challenges are proposed. MS‐based lipidomics plays an important role in the field of food science, promoting continuous development of food science and integration of food knowledge with other disciplines. New methods of MS‐based lipidomics have been developed to improve accuracy and sensitivity of lipid analysis in food samples. These developments offer the possibility to fully characterize lipids in food samples, identify novel functional lipids, and better understand the role of food in promoting healt. 相似文献
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在肉制品贮藏和加工过程中,脂质水解是影响肉制品质量和风味的重要影响因素之一。脂质水解主要是由于脂肪酶的作用,不同的内源性脂肪酶作用于不同的脂质位点,进而使得脂质水解形成不同的醛类、醇类、酯类、烃类等物质,这也在很大程度上影响肉制品风味。适当的水解有利于改善肉制品的风味,但是过度水解会导致肉制品的品质下降,出现蛋白氧化、哈喇味等现象。同时,脂质水解和脂质氧化之间具有一定的联系,脂质水解所形成的游离脂肪酸会发生氧化,导致肉制品的品质下降,风味物质减少。控制脂质水解程度有利于提高肉制品的品质,确定更加有利于肉制品贮藏和加工的条件。脂质水解对不饱和脂肪酸影响较大,脂肪酶对脂质位点的作用也受到众多学者的关注。本文综述肉及肉制品中脂质水解及其发生机制、肉品中脂质水解所导致的化学变化、脂质水解对肉及肉制品品质和风味的影响。 相似文献
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Lipid Oxidation in Oil-in-Water Emulsions: Impact of Molecular Environment on Chemical Reactions in Heterogeneous Food Systems 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:21
The susceptibility of lipids to oxidation is a major cause of quality deterioration in food emulsions. The reaction mechanism and factors that influence oxidation are appreciably different for emulsified lipids than for bulk lipids. This article reviews the current understanding of the lipid oxidation mechanism in oil‐in‐water emulsions. It also discusses the major factors that influence the rate of lipid oxidation in emulsions, such as antioxidants, chelating agents, ingredient purity, ingredient partitioning, interfacial characteristics, droplet characteristics, and ingredient interactions. This knowledge is then used to define effective strategies for controlling lipid oxidation in food emulsions. 相似文献
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采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱对嗜热链球菌发酵乳中脂质组分进行分析,在正负离子模式下分析脂质构成、分子结构,从分子层次阐述嗜热链球菌发酵乳脂质组分构成。结果显示,在正负离子模式下共检测出861 个甘油酯、540 个磷脂、282 个鞘脂和33 个糖脂,总计1 716 个脂质组分,在正离子模式下,甘油酯、磷脂、鞘脂相对含量分别为95.84%、3.08%和1.08%,甘油三酯(triacylglycerol,TG)(16∶0/6∶0/14∶0)、TG(4∶0/14∶0/16∶1)、TG(10∶0/10∶0/12∶0)为主要脂质成分(>5%);在加热电喷雾电离源负离子模式下,磷脂、鞘脂和糖脂相对含量分别为35.34%、28.15%和36.51%,其中单半乳糖甘油一酯(2∶0)为主要脂质成分。在正离子模式下对甘油酯具有较好检测效果,在负离子模式下对磷脂、鞘脂和糖脂具有较好检测效果,采用正负离子模式可以全面了解嗜热链球菌发酵乳中脂质组分构成。该方法具有高通量、高灵敏度、高准确度等优点,可为发酵乳中脂质研究提供可靠分析技术,又为丰富乳品脂质生物学功能提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Xin Li Dequan Zhang Chi Ren Yuqiang Bai Muawuz Ijaz Chengli Hou Li Chen 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2021,20(1):289-331
Meat quality plays an important role in the purchase decision of consumers, affecting producers and retailers. The formation mechanisms determining meat quality are intricate, as several endogenous and exogenous factors contribute during antemortem and postmortem periods. Abundant research has been performed on meat quality; however, unexpected variation in meat quality remains an issue in the meat industry. Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate structures and functions of proteins in living tissues, and recent reports confirmed their importance in meat quality. The objective of this review was to provide a summary of the research on the effects of PTMs on meat quality. The effects of four common PTMs, namely, protein phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, and ubiquitination, on meat quality were discussed, with emphasis on the effects of protein phosphorylation on meat tenderness, color, and water holding capacity. The mechanisms and factors that may affect the function of protein phosphorylation are also discussed. The current research confirms that meat quality traits are regulated by multiple PTMs. Cross talk between different PTMs and interactions of PTMs with postmortem biochemical processes need to be explored to improve our understanding on factors affecting meat quality. 相似文献