关于芳烃抽提溶剂环丁砜保护问题的探讨

叙述了芳烃抽提原理及工艺概况、环丁砜溶剂的特点、环丁砜氧化降解给芳烃生产带来的危害,提出了环丁砜的保护措施。     

芳烃抽提装置设备腐蚀及工艺防护措施

环丁砜又名四氢噻吩砜,是一种无色至浅黄色的透明液体,分子式：C4H8O2S,可与水、甲苯等互溶,是优良的非质子极性溶剂,其主要技术指标见表1。在石油化工生产中环丁砜是芳烃抽提装置中的理想溶剂,用于芳烃抽提已有50余年历史。在不适当的工艺操作下,环丁砜会发生降解而生成磺酸、硫化氢、硫化物等酸性物质,对系统构成酸性腐蚀。解决环丁砜降解是有效使用环丁砜溶剂的核心问题,     

环丁砜生产新技术

环丁砜是一种性能优良的有机硫溶剂,广泛用于芳烃抽提、气体净化、萃取蒸馏等方面。文章对国内外环丁砜的生产现状进行了评述,并介绍了新的连续化生产工艺;同时介绍了两种新型环丁烯砜加氢催化剂:Ni/Al-MoS2催化剂和非晶态合金催化剂。新型加氢催化剂既可以有效地解决固体废弃物污染环境的社会问题,也降低了环丁砜生产成本。     

环丁砜液-液抽提工艺中水循环系统的分析

以某石化公司的单苯抽提装置采用的环丁砜液-液抽提工艺为基础对环丁砜液-液抽提工艺中的水循环系统进行了分析,指明了环丁砜液-液抽提工艺中水的循环过程,循环水的主要作用在于生产汽提水和汽提蒸汽,从而提高汽提塔和回收塔中苯和非芳烃的分离效果,确保产品苯的高纯度;保护回收塔塔釜溶剂不被分解,减少溶剂损耗;溶剂回收利用为抽余油水洗塔提供合格的水洗水。     

环丁砜及其应用

环丁砜(2,3,4,5—四氢噻吩—1,1—二氧化物或四亚甲基砜)是一种性能优越的溶剂。广泛地用于萃取芳烃,净化气体,提纯丁二烯,有机合成及反应历程的研究等。本文主要介绍环丁砜的生产方法,纯化、性质和应用。一、环丁砜的工业生产方法环丁砜的生产过程主要分为三部分:     

环丁烯砜加氢工艺的进展

前言环丁砜是一种优良的多效选择性溶剂,可用于脱除天然气、炼厂气以及合成气中的硫化物;分离烃、醇、脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯;抽提芳烃;亦可作为生产其它有机化学品的中间体。环丁砜的生产一般是由共轭二烯烃(丁二烯)与二氧化硫反应,生成环丁烯砜;将环丁烯砜进行处理,除去其中的 SO_2,然后进行催化加氢,得粗环丁砜;粗环丁砜经过滤和蒸馏,滤掉催化剂和聚合物,分离出溶剂和未反     

常压直馏汽油芳烃抽提装置腐蚀原因与对策

中原石化总厂特种油车间芳烃抽提装置的溶剂——环丁砜,因分解产生酸性物质,使溶剂系统中的PH值迅速下降,导致溶剂的腐蚀性大为加强,而对系统碳钢设备产生严重腐蚀。根据环丁砜溶剂分解的各种原因,采取针对性的措施与采用新的溶剂再生工艺,对保护溶剂环丁砜,起到了良好的效果。     

常压直馏汽油芳烃抽提装置腐蚀原因与对策

中原石化总厂特种油车间芳烃抽提装置的溶剂——环丁砜,因分解产生酸性物质,使溶剂系统中的PH值迅速下降,导致溶剂的腐蚀性大为加强,而对系统碳钢设备产生严重腐蚀.根据环丁砜溶剂分解的各种原因,采取针对性的措施与采用新的溶剂再生工艺,对保护溶剂环丁砜,起到了良好的效果.     

抽提装置溶剂系统设备腐蚀原因分析及对策

主要探讨了芳烃抽提装置环丁砜劣化造成设备腐蚀日趋严重的问题。结合日常生产情况,分析了环丁砜劣化的原因,从工艺管理及设备改造等方面对抽提溶剂系统设备加强防腐,保证设备的平稳运用,提升装置的运行效益。     

聚苯硫醚树脂纯化工艺研究

用三种高沸点极性非质子溶剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、六甲基磷酰三胺（HMPA）、环丁砜（SL）对自制聚苯硫醚（PPS）树脂进行纯化处理,结果发现环丁砜的纯化效果优于其他两种。运用正交试验对环丁砜纯化PPS树脂的工艺进行优化,得到最佳组合工艺条件为：5g PPS树脂加入11.5ml环丁砜,在160℃纯化4h。结果表明,这种方法可将原粉中灰分含量降到0.17%,能有效降低树脂中无机成分总量。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.