4-异丙基苯硼酸的合成与表征

利用格氏试剂法合成了4-异丙基苯硼酸,得出了较佳的工艺路线:先制得格氏试剂(产率98.1%),然后与硼酸三丁酯在-10℃下亲核取代,快速升至室温,经酸性水解得产品,分离后总产率56.6%,对产品进行了核磁共振和质谱表征。     

2,4-二氟苯硼酸的合成工艺研究与表征

以2,4-二氟溴苯、正丁基锂、硼酸三丁酯为原料合成了2,4-二氟苯硼酸,产率84.5%,产物经液相、核磁、元素、红外进行分析和表征。考察了硼化试剂、投料摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间对产率的影响,优化工艺条件为:以硼酸三丁酯为硼化试剂,n(2,4-二氟溴苯):n(正丁基锂):n(硼酸三丁酯)=1:1.2:2,反应温度为-78℃,反应时间为5h。     

2-萘硼酸的中间试验研究

2-萘硼酸是有机硼酸中一个重要的中间体。以2-溴萘为原料,使用格氏试剂法合成2-萘硼酸。考察了中试规模物料配比,格氏试剂反应条件及亲核反应的反应条件,优化并确定了反应条件。优化的反应条件如下,2-溴萘∶镁屑∶硼酸三甲酯=1∶1.05∶1.5,格氏试剂反应温度60℃,硼酸反应温度为（-25±2）℃,格氏试剂反应时间3h,硼酸反应时间为3h,产品收率72.4%。该反应避免了昂贵易燃的丁基锂,使生产成本大为降低。     

β-萘硼酸的合成与表征

以β-溴萘为原料,采用格氏试剂法合成了β-萘硼酸,并通过红外、核磁和液相色谱等分析手段对产物进行了表征和分析。考察了格氏试剂和β-萘硼酸合成反应条件,得出格氏试剂法制备β-萘硼酸的较佳条件为:格氏试剂反应时间为3h,反应温度为40℃,硼化试剂为硼酸三甲酯,原料配比n(β-溴萘)/n(硼酸三甲酯)为1/2,亲核取代温度为-20～-22℃,亲核取代时间为3h,反应收率可达80.7%。     

氯化钯催化偶联反应合成对-三联苯

用苯基格氏试剂与硼酸三正丁酯在室温下反应制得苯基硼酸,以苯基硼酸与对二溴苯为原料,以氯化钯为催化剂,以四丁基碘化铵为相转移催化剂及在碳酸钾的参与下,在水／苯为介质的非均相体系中进行偶联反应,合成了对 三联苯,产率达７０％（以对二溴苯计）。物料摩尔配比为：对二溴苯∶苯基硼酸∶氯化钯∶四丁基碘化铵∶碳酸钾＝１∶２．２∶０．０１∶１∶５。     

新型有机电致发光材料中间体B-2-二苯并呋喃基硼酸的制备

以2-溴二苯并呋喃、正丁基锂、硼酸三丁酯和稀盐酸为原料,超低温下反应,经酸解得B-2-二苯并呋喃基硼酸,反应总产率85.1%。结果表明,最佳反应温度为-120^-100℃,正丁基锂/四氢呋喃溶液:2-溴二苯并呋喃为1:3 g/mL,滴加硼酸三丁酯温度为-100-100℃,正丁基锂/四氢呋喃溶液:2-溴二苯并呋喃为1:3 g/mL,滴加硼酸三丁酯温度为-100^-80℃以及溶剂需严格干燥除水等影响产物的主要工艺参数。最终产物使用液相色谱-质谱联用、核磁共振谱以及元素分析结构进行了表征,确定产物为目标化合物B-2-二苯并呋喃基硼酸。     

新型有机电致发光材料中间体B-2-二苯并呋喃基硼酸的制备

以2-溴二苯并呋喃、正丁基锂、硼酸三丁酯和稀盐酸为原料,超低温下反应,经酸解得B-2-二苯并呋喃基硼酸,反应总产率85.1%。结果表明,最佳反应温度为-120~-100℃,正丁基锂/四氢呋喃溶液:2-溴二苯并呋喃为1:3 g/mL,滴加硼酸三丁酯温度为-100~-80℃以及溶剂需严格干燥除水等影响产物的主要工艺参数。最终产物使用液相色谱-质谱联用、核磁共振谱以及元素分析结构进行了表征,确定产物为目标化合物B-2-二苯并呋喃基硼酸。     

3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-4-硼酸的合成及表征

使用工业上易得的原料通过3步反应合成标题化合物.苯硼酸与3,4,5-三氟溴苯作为起始原料,在K2CO3水溶液和甲苯体系中,Pd/C催化反应生成3,4,5-三氟联苯,产率80%.接着3,4,5-三氟联苯在CCl4中经过Fe+I2催化溴化得到4′-溴-3,4,5-三氟联苯,产率75%.4′-溴-3,4,5-三氟联苯与n-BuLi在-78 ℃下反应生成3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-4-锂,然后与硼酸三正丁酯-78 ℃反应,最后在室温下酸性条件下水解生成目标产物,产率86%.合成路线的总收率达到51.6%.合成的化合物用元素分析、FT-IR、1HNMR和13CNMR等手段进行了表征.     

橡胶-金属钴盐粘合剂硼酰化钴的合成研究

以碳酸钴、丙酸和异辛酸为原料,二甲苯为带水剂,经成盐反应合成混合有机酸钴,再由硼酸三丁酯进行硼酰化反应,合成橡胶-金属钴盐粘合剂硼酰化钴。成盐反应采用单因素扫描法考察了带水剂、反应温度和时间等对混合有机羧酸钴合成的影响,得到成盐反应的最佳工艺条件:二甲苯为带水剂,反应温度115℃,反应时间3.5 h;酰化反应采用响应面法,研究了反应温度、时间、硼酸三丁酯与碳酸钴的摩尔比等因素对硼酰化钴中钴含量的影响。结果表明,温度和硼酸三丁酯与碳酸钴的摩尔比对其含量影响显著,温度和硼酸三丁酯与碳酸钴的摩尔比的交互效应影响显著,最优合成工艺条件为:反应温度174℃,反应时间2.6 h,硼酸三丁酯与碳酸钴的摩尔比为0.335∶1,在此条件下合成的硼酰化钴中的钴含量22.4%。     

3-氟-4-氯苯硼酸的合成工艺优化

以2-氯-5-溴苯胺为起始原料,经重氮化反应得到2-氯-5-溴氟苯,再与乙基溴化镁进行格式交换后与硼酸三甲酯作用,水解得到3-氟-4-氯苯硼酸。实验过程中将格式试剂法、三丁基锂法与格氏试剂交换法作对比,并对格氏试剂交换法的过程条件如硼化试剂、反应温度、反应原料配比进行了优化,在最优条件下总收率约60%,纯度99%。此过程采用的是较温和的格氏试剂交换法,无需用到超低温等较苛刻的条件,适于工业放大生产。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.