核反应堆用FeCrAl合金板材的试制及其组织性能研究

在对Fe13Cr5AlxNb合金熔炼、锻造、轧制等制备工艺研究的基础上,利用光学显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜以及电子背散射衍射研究了合金板材的微观组织演化特征。研究了不同热处理温度（800、850、900、1 000 ℃）下合金板材中第二相的析出特点及对其力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,合金板材在800 ℃保温5~25 h后,其室温力学性能稳定;合金板材在800~1 000 ℃、20 h高温时效后,在800~850 ℃时,其强度稍有降低,而在900~1 000 ℃时,其强度随温度的升高而提升。同时,对不同Nb含量的合金板材常温和高温力学性能进行了测试,Nb质量分数为1.0%~1.5%时,合金板材具有良好的力学性能。     

THE INFLUENCE OF CAVITY DAMAGE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERPLASTICALLY-DEFORMED MATERIALS AND ITS PREDICTION

1.IhtroductionSuperplasticmaterials,whichexhibitextraoulinalllylargeelongationandlowflowstress,havebeenfoundtobeofgreatvalueinindustrialapplications,especiallyintheaerospaceindusal.Unfortunately,Inanysuchmaterialsarepronetocavitationduringsuperplashcdefonnation,whichdelightsthefoeingabilitiesanddecreasesthemechAncalpropertiesataamtemperaturepeatly,sothemechanicalpropertiesofsuperplastically--deformedpatshavereceivedconsideboleattentionduringthepastfewyears.InvestigationswerePerformedon7475alt…     

Structure and properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets processed by repeatedly unidirectional bending at different temperatures

Repeatedly unidirectional bending(RUB) was applied to the magnesium alloy sheet to improve the basal texture.The effect of RUB temperature on resulting structure and room temperature properties was investigated.The texture components of the sheet undergoing RUB at recovery temperature were similar to those of the sheet undergoing RUB at room temperature(RT).As the RUB temperature increased to above recrystallization temperature,the texture components became more disperse and the pyramidal components increased.With the increase of RUB temperature,the grain size near the surface of the sheets undergoing RUB tended to grow up.When the sheets were processed by RUB at medium-high temperature followed by annealing at 533 K,the yield strength and fracture elongation were lower than those of the cold rolled sheet;however,the Erichsen value was slightly higher than that of the cold rolled sheet.The sheet undergoing RUB at RT followed by annealing at 533 K represented the best mechanical properties.     

退火工艺对冷轧工业纯钛带卷各向异性的影响

力学性能各向异性是影响工业纯钛板带材成形性能的主要因素之一。为制备低各向异性工业纯钛带卷,采用室温拉伸试验和电子背散射衍射技术表征了经不同工艺退火后冷轧工业纯钛的力学性能、显微组织和织构,分析了退火工艺对工业纯钛带卷力学性能各向异性的影响规律。结果表明,退火温度固定时,延长退火时间,TA1钛带纵向屈服强度降低程度大于横向,导致其各向异性升高,而退火超过一定时间后其各向异性趋于稳定,700 ℃时钛带纵横向屈服强度差值的稳定值为82 MPa,610 ℃时的稳定值为58 MPa;退火时间固定时,在所研究温度范围内,退火温度越高,钛带各向异性越显著。织构分析表明,延长退火时间或/和升高退火温度,TA1钛带的棱锥织构增强、基面织构减弱,导致室温拉伸时纵横向{1010}<1120>柱面滑移的施密特因子差值增大,从而表现出更明显的力学性能各向异性。     

提高Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金薄板T76状态电导率的热处理工艺研究

试验研究不同固溶温度、二级时效温度和保温时间对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金薄板力学性能及电导率的影响。结果表明,随着固溶温度提高,板材的强度提高,伸长率降低,电导率变化不大;随着二级时效温度升高,板材的强度降低,伸长率稍有降低,电导率平稳升高;随着二级时效保温时间延长,板材的强度下降,伸长率变化不大,电导率逐渐升高。该合金板材T76状态的适宜固溶温度为(467±2)℃,双级时效制度为(120±3)℃5 h+(166+3)℃36 h。     

轧制与退火对T9S钛合金板材组织与性能的影响

研究了轧制变形量及退火温度对T9S钛合金板材显微组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明:增加成品轧制变形量,板材组织破碎更充分,退火后形成等轴α相、拉长α相和晶间β相组织形貌,变形流线比较明显,板材室温强度和硬度升高,伸长率降低,弹性模量增加。随着退火温度升高,板材室温强度和硬度逐渐降低,伸长率逐渐提高,横向弹性模量逐渐减小,纵向弹性模量先增加后减小。经(750~790) ℃×45 min空冷退火处理后的板材可以获得较好的强度和塑性的匹配。     

Dynamic tensile behaviors of AZ31B magnesium alloy processed by twin-roll casting and sequential hot rolling

The dynamic tensile behavior of twin-roll cast-rolled and hot-rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy was characterized over strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 375 s⁻¹ at room temperature using an elaborate dynamic tensile testing method, and the relationship between its mechanical properties and microstructures. It is observed that the sheet has a strong initial basal fiber texture and mechanical twinning becomes prevalent to accommodate the high-rate deformation. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength monotonically increase with increasing the strain rate, while the strain hardening exponent proportionally decreases with increasing the strain rate due to twinning-induced softening. The total elongation at fracture distinctly decreases as the strain rate increases under quasi-static tension, while the effect of strain rate on the total elongation is not distinct under dynamic tension. Fractographic analysis using a scanning electron microscope reveals that the fracture is a mixed mode of ductile and brittle fracture.     

材料超塑变形后室温机械性能的变化和预测

超塑性材料在变形过程中往往空洞化。空洞的存在严重降低超塑成形零件的室温使用性能，因此必须建立超塑变形后材料室温机械性能变化的理论预测模型。本文以铝合金LY12CZ为例，以实验数据为基础，利用人工神经网络首次建立了预测经超塑变形后的材料室温机械性能变化的理论模型。所建模型不但可以预测铝合金LY12CZ超塑变形后的刚度．强度以及韧性等室温性能指标，而且亦能充分反映超塑变形工艺参数对其室温机械性能变化的影响规律。同时，由于本文建模方法具有通用性，因此，该模型的建立为超塑成形零件的使用性能提供了理论依据和一般方法。     

退火工艺对Ti80合金组织与性能的影响

通过不同的热处理制度研究了退火工艺对Ti80合金板材组织和性能的影响。结果表明,退火工艺对Ti80合金的力学性能的影响较大,在退火温度为900℃时,随着保温时间的延长,室温抗拉强度先升后降;在退火时间均为2 h的情况下,随着退火温度从850℃提高到950℃,初生α相的含量逐渐减少,β相的含量逐渐增多,初生α相的晶粒尺寸没有明显的变化。     

The influence of severe plastic deformation on the mechanical properties of AA6111

The alloy AA6111 has been chosen in many countries for automotive outerbody panels, but low ductility remains a major obstacle to competition with steel. Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) was used as a tool to produce fine-grained structures with enhanced ductility. Conventional grain sizes in the range of 9 μm to 50 μm were used to investigate the influence of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and heat treatment on mechanical properties of AA6111 sheet at room temperature. It has been found that SPD by ECAE followed by heat treatment leads to an increase in both strength and ductility, in addition to highr-value. The increase in mechanical properties was also significantly influenced by heat-treatment temperature at the final stage of sheet processing. For more information, contact KiHo Rhee, Cooperative Research Centre for Cast Metals Manufacturing, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Monash University; VIC, 3800, Australia; +61 3 9905 1967; fax +61 3 9905 4940; e-mail kiho.rhee@spme.monash.edu.au.     

终轧温度及退火温度对5052铝合金板材组织及性能的影响

采用拉伸和硬度测试、显微组织及拉伸断口观察等方法研究了终轧温度及退火温度对5052铝合金板材组织及性能的影响。结果表明,未经退火时,板材表层已经发生再结晶,而中心层组织仅发生回复过程。退火处理后,随退火温度的升高,合金板材的强度、硬度下降,而伸长率增加。5052铝合金终轧温度不低于330 ℃时,可在后续的冷加工获得较为均匀的组织,经400~500 ℃退火可获得综合性能较为优异(R_m≥175 MPa、R_p0.2≥65 MPa和A≥32%)的5052-O态合金板材。     

新型耐热钢NF12的热处理工艺

通过改变正火加热温度和回火温度,研究了新型铁素体耐热钢NF12的热处理工艺。结果表明,正火温度对NF12钢的室温力学性能影响较小;而回火温度对NF12钢的室温力学性能影响较大。随着回火温度的升高,NF12钢强度降低而韧性明显增加。对于新型耐热钢NF12,其回火温度不应低于780℃。     

Improving mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy sheets through accumulative roll-bonding

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential for improving the mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloy at room temperature by subjecting to accumulative roll-bonding（ARB）. It is shown that ARB may be applied successfully to Mg-Al-Zn alloy at elevated temperatures and it leads to grain refinement and significant improvements in the ductility. The strength of the as-rolled Mg-Al-Zn alloy sheet after ARB processing is slightly decreased and basal texture is weakened by ARB processing.     

热加工工艺对钛-钢复合板界面力学性能和显微组织的影响

研究了热加工工艺对钛-钢复合板界面力学性能和显微组织的影响。测试了在A，B，C，D4种温度下热轧复合板界面的力学性能，用金相显微镜及扫描电镜观察了界面显微组织并分析了界面的成分。结果表明，在A，B2种温度下轧制的钛-钢复合板界面机械性能良好，延伸率高，其剪切强度不但可保持坯料原有的水平，甚至还略有增加。在C，D2种温度下轧制的钛-钢复合板界面机械性能相对较低，延伸率较高，但剪切强度要比爆炸复合坯料低，尤其是D加热温度，轧制后界面剪切强度急剧下降。热轧的终轧温度也是影响钛-钢复合板界面结合性能的重要因素。在低于相转变温度的合适温区热轧，且终轧温度合适，获得的钛-钢复合板结合界面无爆炸波纹，没有污染，生产的脆性化合物极细小，组织类同于钛材完全退火的等轴组织。     

叠加层数对工业纯铝板材累积叠轧焊合的影响

在室温、无润滑及总压下量相同的条件下,分别采用每道次两层叠轧和每道次三层叠轧的工艺对退火态AA1070工业纯铝板材进行了累积叠轧焊合试验,比较了最终板材界面焊合、织构和力学性能的差别。结果表明,与两层叠轧工艺相比,通过三层叠轧工艺所制备的板材金属层之间焊合状况更好,具有较强的剪切织构和轧制织构,表现出较高的伸长率和较低的抗拉强度,具有较好的综合力学性能。这些差别主要归结于三层叠轧条件下较大的道次压下量和有效剪切变形。     

退火温度对EB熔炼低成本TC4钛合金宽厚板组织和性能的影响

采用EB炉一次熔炼TC4合金扁锭作为直轧坯料,在4200 mm宽厚板轧机上成功制备出规格46 mm×2650 mm×8700 mm的低成本TC4合金宽厚板,研究了退火温度对低成本TC4合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:EB熔炼TC4合金扁锭经过两火换向轧制,粗大铸态组织得到充分破碎,热轧态TC4合金板材显微组织中等轴α或条状α含量较高,横纵向室温拉伸性能差异小,横向室温冲击吸收能量小于纵向,横纵向心部强度均高于表层。TC4合金板材经750~900 ℃退火,横纵截面为等轴组织,经950 ℃退火,横纵截面为双态组织,经980 ℃退火,横截面为双态组织,纵截面为魏氏组织。随着退火温度升高,TC4合金板材抗拉强度和规定塑性延伸强度呈下降趋势,伸长率基本不变,室温冲击吸收能量先升高后降低,900 ℃退火后,强度、伸长率和冲击吸收能量达到最佳匹配。     

终轧工艺对AM50镁合金轧板力学性能和织构特征的影响

采用不同的轧辊温度和速率制备AM50镁合金轧板,研究终轧工艺对镁板力学性能和织构特征的影响。研究表明：在轧辊温度为200°C和轧辊速率为5 m/min条件下制备的镁板的强度（极限抗拉强度：295 MPa;屈服强度：224 MPa）和伸长率（22.9%）之间达到较优组合;在热轧过程中,轧板的屈服强度主要取决于轧制温度,而织构强度则对轧辊速率更为敏感;提高轧制温度或轧辊速率均可改善AM50镁合金板材力学性能的各性异性。     

Influence of Extrusion Joint on Microstructural Evolution and Properties of Mg Alloy Sheet

The mechanical behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet with the extrusion joint(EJ) was evaluated.Extruded joint of AZ31 alloy sheets was obtained by the hot extrusion process. Tensile tests were carried out along the extrusion direction at room temperature, and both the non-uniform plastic deformation and the fracture behaviour were studied. It is found that the samples with EJ present significantly deteriorated mechanical properties compared with the EJfree counterpart. Inhomogeneous microstructure distribution around EJ zone brings in the uncoordinated deformation due to the high density of f10"12g twins which were readily activated during plastic deformation.     

Effect of Cu addition on overaging behaviour,room and high temperature tensile and fatigue properties of A357 alloy

The aims of the present work are to evaluate the overaging behaviour of the investigated Cu-enriched alloy and to assess its mechanical behaviour, in terms of the tensile and fatigue strength, at room temperature and at 200 °C, and to correlate the mechanical performance with its microstructure, in particular with the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS). The mechanical tests carried out on the overaged alloy at 200 °C indicate that the addition of about 1.3 wt.% Cu to the A357 alloy enables to maintain ultimate tensile strength and yield strength values close to 210 and 200 MPa, respectively, and fatigue strength at about 100 MPa. Compared to the quaternary (Al−Si−Cu−Mg) alloy C355, the A357−Cu alloy has greater mechanical properties at room temperature and comparable mechanical behaviour in the overaged condition at 200 °C. The microstructural analyses highlight that SDAS affects the mechanical behaviour of the peak-aged A357−Cu alloy at room temperature, while its influence is negligible on the tensile and fatigue properties of the overaged alloy at 200 °C.     

Effects of Pack Rolling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallurgical Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W Alloy

Powder metallurgical Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W (at.%) alloys were pack rolled at temperatures of 1240°C, 1255°C, 1270°C, and 1285°C. The microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The tensile properties were tested at room temperature and 800°C. After rolling, the sheets exhibited duplex microstructures with refined grains. The tensile test results showed the sheet rolled at 1270°C displayed excellent room temperature tensile properties with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 782 MPa and an elongation of 1.95%. When tested at 800°C, all sheets showed UTS of over 600 MPa and elongations of around 50%. The dislocation movements and mechanical twinning played important roles at the initial stage of rolling deformation. However, during the subsequent deformation process, the deformation mechanism should mainly be the result of dynamic recrystallization.