高铁低铝煤矸石酸浸液铝铁分离研究

本文研究以高铁低铝煤矸石酸浸液为对象,根据铝、铁离子水解pH差异,提出了采用先还原Fe3+再进行分离的思路.研究用纯物质模拟酸浸液组成进行铝铁分离,再将结果用于实际溶液,结果表明:对Fe3+已还原的酸浸液,在90℃、pH =4.5时可制备氢氧化铝,过滤,在90℃下滤液通入空气制备水合氧化铁,产品经煅烧,制备的氧化铝产品纯度达到了国标GB/T24487-2009二级品要求,铁红性能指标超过了一级品要求,研究结果对拓展煤矸石资源化应用途径、提高煤矸石综合利用率具有重大意义.     

模拟煤矸石酸溶液制备聚合硫酸铝铁实验研究

以贵州煤矸石酸浸液中铝铁物质的量比为参考,分析纯FeSO4·7H2O和Al2(SO4)3·18H2 O为原料,制备无机高分子聚合硫酸铝铁絮凝剂(PAFS);研究了铝铁总质量浓度、温度和pH值对PAFS盐基度的影响,得出了n(Al):n(Fe)为2.4时制备PAFS的工艺条件为铝铁反应总质量浓度为320 g/L～820 ...     

高钛高炉渣酸浸液沸腾水解制备偏钛酸的过程动力学研究

攀枝花钢铁厂高炉冶炼产生的水淬高钛高炉渣经浓硫酸焙烧、稀硫酸浸取后获得富含Ti4+的浸取液,通过沸腾水解法可将浸取液中的可溶性Ti4+转化成H2TiO3沉淀.为探究酸浸液沸腾水解制备H2TiO3的过程动力学行为,研究了底液pH和水解温度在不同反应时间下对Ti4+水解率的影响,并采用Avrami模型和生长动力学模型模拟水...     

高铁煤矸石酸浸液合成氧化铁红的实验研究

以高铁煤矸石为原料,先用硫酸酸浸的方法获得含有铝离子的硫酸铁溶液;采用分步沉淀的方法,使Fe3+完全转化为氢氧化铁凝胶而与Al³⁺分离;再将获得的氢氧化铁凝胶烘干后高温煅烧;最后将煅烧产物磨粉过筛,获得了氧化铁红。确定了合成氧化铁红的工艺条件是：酸浸液中铁离子的浓度为0.31 mol/L;分离Fe³⁺与Al³⁺时,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1 mol/L,且控制终点pH在3.0左右;干凝胶焙烧温度为800 ℃,时间为60 min。XRD及化学分析结果表明：所得产物为氧化铁红,符合GB/T 1863-2008《氧化铁颜料》的相关要求。     

煤矸石酸浸液制备高铝型聚合硫酸铝铁

用煤矸石酸浸液制备了高铝型聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS),研究了铁铝物质的量比、p H、聚合时间、聚合温度对PAFS去浊性能的影响,获得了制备PAFS的优化工艺条件:c(Al3++Fe3+)=0.6mol/L、铁铝物质的量比为7∶10、p H为0.9、聚合时间为6 h、聚合温度为80℃、室温熟化24 h。最后对优化工艺条件下的产物进行了物相分析。     

高铁钛型煤矸石中脱铁富钛试验研究

本文以高铁钛型煤矸石为研究对象,用煤矸石酸浸液脱除高铁钛型煤矸石中的大部分铁,从而实现钛的富集.研究考察了酸浸液酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间、液固比等因素对煤矸石脱铁富钛的影响规律,在单因素实验的基础上进行了正交实验设计,优化了煤矸石脱铁富钛工艺条件.用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、能谱仪(energy dispersive spectroscopy,EDS)手段对煤矸石及其脱铁富钛的物相和微观形貌进行表征.实验结果表明:煤矸石脱铁富钛的最佳工艺条件为:酸浓度10％、水浴温度70℃、反应时间5h、液固比7∶1,脱铁率达到89.02％,钛富集率为42.94％.该方法不仅提高了酸的利用率,同时为富钛渣提钛创造了有利条件,为煤矸石的高效资源化综合利用提供了一种新工艺技术.     

含钛高炉渣制二氧化钛水解参数研究

水解过程是硫酸法钛白生产中极其重要的一步.结合攀枝花钢铁公司炼铁高炉渣的情况以及中国钛白粉工业现状,以攀钢高炉渣酸解除杂后的钛液为原料,采用自生晶种水解法制备二氧化钛.运用激光粒度分布仪测试二氧化钛粒度分布,研究了含钛高炉渣酸解液水解控制参数F值(有效酸浓度与总二氧化钛浓度比)、底水量、铁与总钛浓度比对水解产品二氧化钛粒度和粒度分布的影响.实验结果表明:F值在2.8～3.36,水解产品二氧化钛的粒度约O.2 μm,且分布较窄;铁钛浓度比越小水解得到的二氧化钛的粒度分布越好,平均粒度适当;在本体系中,二氧化钛粒度影响程度由大到小的顺序是F值、底水量、铁钛浓度比.     

响应曲面法优化煤矸石酸溶物制备氧化铁红工艺

以煤矸石高效利用为目的,采用响应曲面实验设计优化煤矸石铝铁分离液制备氧化铁红颜料工艺,研究了Na_2CO_3浓度、反应温度和Fe(Ⅱ)浓度等因素对氧化铁红颜料纯度的影响;在单因素实验基础上,对实验设计进行优化,分析了产物的物相结构和微观形貌.结果表明,在Na_2CO_3浓度107 g/L、反应温度43℃及Fe(Ⅱ)浓度0.26 mol/L的条件下,所得氧化铁红产品纯度可达96.09%,纯度及其它指标均满足GB/T1863-2008中A级氧化铁红要求.铁红中间产物为针状ɑ-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH,煅烧后针状消失,得到结晶较好的ɑ-Fe_2O_3.     

低温中和-加压酸浸提取煤矸石中铝铁

以贵州盘县煤矸石为研究对象,为解决其工业生产提取铝铁时酸耗量大、酸利用率低及后续铝铁产品分离困难等问题,根据其矿物组成特点,本文首次采用低温中和-加压酸浸工艺对铝铁提取进行了详细研究。室温下中和最优工艺条件为20%理论酸耗、浸出时间120min、液固比3∶1（硫酸溶液与固体的质量比,以g/g计）;以中和渣为原料,煤矸石理论酸耗为基础,加压酸浸最优工艺条件为浸出时间120min、浸出温度150℃、液固比3.5∶1（硫酸溶液与固体的质量比,以g/g计）。在此条件下,氧化铁浸出率为98.37%,氧化铝浸出率为95.77%,酸浸渣灰分中氧化硅质量分数为90.2%,氧化钛质量分数为9.18%。以最优工艺条件下的酸浸液循环中和新鲜煤矸石,得到的铝铁提取液中氧化铁浓度为57.95g/L,氧化铝浓度为62.20g/L。相比常规酸浸工艺具有酸耗低、酸利用率高等优点。借助X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等分析手段,初步对两步溶出过程进行了机理分析,为煤矸石工业生产提取铝铁提供了新路线和理论支撑。     

高铁低铝煤矸石中酸浸溶出实验研究

研究以高铁、低铝煤矸石为原料,不用热活化处理直接酸浸提取铝、铁、钛,结果表明:随着反应温度、液固比和时间的增加,铝、铁、钛溶出率总体呈上升趋势,当硫酸质量分数超过65%时,铝、铁溶出率下降,钛溶出率继续增加;通过酸质量分数、液固比、温度和反应时间4个因素的考察,得到了各因素对煤矸石中铝铁钛溶出率的影响规律,确定了最适宜的浸出条件为:酸质量分数65%,液固比3,温度115℃,时间4 h,此条件下铝、铁、钛的溶出率分别达到88.86%,91.37%和70.75%。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.