基于卷积神经网络的手写汉字识别方法

手写汉字识别在智能化处理手写文档时至关重要,高准确率的预测结果对后续处理文本信息有着重要作用。为解决传统汉字识别特征提取繁琐等问题,使用深度学习中的卷积神经网络,利用Keras搭建网络离线识别手写汉字图片。在HWDB1.1的数据集上,构建6层小网络,预测图片中的汉字。分析实验结果得知,深度学习可以有效提取图片特征,tanh,sigmoid,relu三个激活函数中relu效果最好。     

汉字识别的基本原理

通过描述属性关系图及属性关系图之间同态映射关系，建立汉字识别模型，并以此为指导思想，论述了汉字识别中文本分割的具体算法。     

国际化语境下的汉字形态设计研究

在现今国际化的时代背景下,汉字形态设计愈发需要打破我国与世界其他各国间的文化壁垒,设计出具有"国际性识别"特征的汉字形态。文章以汉字形态"国际化"识别设计为切入点,以汉字整体形象化、汉字部分图像化、汉字形态"延意"法等设计方法为主要研究内容,结合信息传达准确性、兼顾传统、国际和设计创意独特性三大设计原则进行共同研究,旨在指导汉字形态的设计对于全球各文化都具有普遍可识性,最大化地让"汉字"走向全世界。     

基于神经网络的联机手写识别系统的研究和实现

汉字作为中国文化的载体,在中国文化和历史当中都有着非常重要的地位,学好汉语、写好汉字是每一个中国人必备的能力与素质。然而随着计算机的迅速发展,人们的办公和学习也主要是通过键盘来进行的,这就导致国人在日常生活中书写汉字的机会大大减少。这些对我国汉字的普及带来了很大的冲击,人们书写汉字的能力不断下降。联机手写识别系统则能够在很大程度上缓解这一现象,它完全符合人们的日常手写习惯。本文对联机汉字手写识别的意义和难点进行了分析,对神经网络系统以及其在手写识别系统中的应用进行了简单的介绍。     

汉声开发出世界上第一套符合ISO10646国际标准的曲线宋体字库

武汉汉声电脑公司投入巨资,历经一年半的时间,于1994年8月中旬开发完成了世界上第一套符合ISO10646国际标准的曲线宋体字库。该字库包括了中国大陆、台湾、日本、韩国等国和地区公布的电脑使用的全部汉字及符号。该宋体字库采用了汉声独创的部件组字技术,每一个笔划都采用三阶Bezier曲线描述,这样就保证了每一个汉字都非常工整秀丽。 经过几千年发展的汉字是中华民族的宝贵财富,由于历史的原因,国内对汉字的整理迄今还没有形成完整的标准,特别是适合电脑使用的字型更是混乱不堪。目前电脑使用的各种字体的汉字,每一种都不很规范,笔划不标准是非     

硬笔书写机器人设计

针对汉字书写初学者易混淆笔划和笔顺次序的现象,设计了一种简单易操作的硬笔书写机器人,机器人可以模拟人手书写汉字的过程,帮助初学者掌握汉字笔划和书写笔顺及用笔力度。机器人主体通过串口和计算机相连,文字在计算机中转换成G代码后发送给机器人控制器,控制器处理代码信息,生成脉冲序列控制带动硬笔运动的步进电机前进或后退,在纸上写出文字。     

汉字的文字特性及其对活字印刷术发展的限制

汉字具有独特的文字特性:数目庞大,形体复杂,且与汉语存在分离.汉字的这些特性制约了汉字印刷技术的进步与发展.从经济方面看,庞大的汉字数量使活字印刷投入巨大;从技术上看,活字印刷也难以满足汉字的形体要求,因而无法广泛利用.     

汉字教学之我见

本文从汉字特性出发,从汉字教学等层而入手,指出了汉字难教的历史原因和现实失误,期望能够引起人们对汉字教学进行更深入的探讨。     

中文汉字特殊字体的显示方法

分析显示技术及视频显示存储器的特性,提出了用汇编语言编制程序显示中文汉字的方法,能够满足特殊环境对汉字显示字体的要求.     

汉字印刷字体的现状及发展趋势

<正>作为中国文化事业的重要组成部分,汉字印刷字体具有几千年的历史。汉字印刷字体是形象化的语言,是看得见的思维表达形式。在现代史上,信息交流、传播媒体、大众文化、网络载体、电子文件等等都离不开印刷字体这一现代交流工具。可是,如果没有印刷字体设计,汉字就会完全失去活力。汉字印刷字体设计得如何,说得大一点,它关系到国家的形象;说得实在一点,它会影响到读者的阅读视觉效果;说得神秘一点,它会影响读者的审美观念。     

橘瓣酶解脱囊衣工艺及其罐头品质的研究

研究利用酶制剂脱除温州蜜柑橘瓣囊衣的方法。通过试验筛选最佳的酶及酶解工艺,结果表明使用和氏璧果胶酶,在酶液质量分数1.0%、pH 3.5、酶解温度45℃、酶解时间45 min条件下,可以得到较佳的脱囊衣效果;酶解过程中使用超声波辅助酶解,可以提高酶解效果。通过感官分析、理化指标检测,对比酶解脱囊衣和传统酸碱脱囊衣的橘瓣罐头的品质,结果显示酶解工艺提高橘瓣破碎率5.5%,降低维生素C含量20.4%,而不影响橘瓣的硬度、色差、滋味和气味。温州蜜柑橘瓣的酶解脱囊衣工艺可用于工业化生产橘瓣罐头。     

夏黑葡萄不同节段硬枝扦插成苗的研究

扦插繁殖是葡萄最主要的育苗方式,用枝条直插建园是近年来葡萄大面积栽培的主要方式之一。本试验以夏黑葡萄为试材,研究不同节位的插条以及采集时期对葡萄扦插育苗效果的影响。结果表明,两者均对扦插的成活与生长有一定的影响,中部节位插条成活后生长速度比上、下部节位快,而冬季插条采集时期越晚,扦插苗生长越好。本研究为葡萄苗木繁育中硬枝插条的选用提供了一定的理论依据。     

CTC红(绿)碎茶加工中齿辊材料的选择研究

本文介绍了CTC红(绿)碎茶加工关键环节—CTC滚切机的齿辊技术及对茶叶加工的重要性。阐述了影响齿辊正常使用的原因,比较分析了齿辊材料的选择研究,提出了齿辊材料的最佳选择和机械加工要求。     

在“禁酒令”的寒冬中寻找那片“蓝海”

自颁布"禁酒令"以来,白酒行业遭受沉重打击,高端白酒价格的大幅下滑,中端酒企的盈利空间正被大幅压缩,文章从定价管理及列举部分产品的市场开拓等方面来说明在不利环境下白酒企业仍能开拓适合自身发展的"蓝海"。     

Long-term outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation for post-LASIK ectasia

PurposeTo report the long-term results of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) for postoperative LASIK ectasia.MethodIn this retrospective interventional cases series, 8 eyes of 6 patients who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted ICRS implantation for post-LASIK ectasia were enrolled. Main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent refraction, and average keratometry (K_avg) values were assessed.ResultsMean ± SD follow-up was 67 ± 21 months (range, 36–96 months). The mean UDVA, CDVA, spherical equivalent refraction, and K_avg values were significantly improved at all postoperative visits when compared to baseline values. No serious complications were observed during follow-up.ConclusionOur long-term findings showed that ICRS yielded improvements in visual acuity, refractive status, and keratometric values without any progression in cases with post-LASIK corneal ectasia.     

低发射和无APEO碳氟化合物整理

本文描述了碳氟聚合物的作用方式和合成，更重要的是碳氟链希在基质上的定向整理到膜的形成和交联。另外，提出了碳氟化合物环境友好和节能工艺实现的可能性。当使用无APEO和无溶剂的产品时，整理者几科能进行无发射、不污染环境的整理，发射量降低约90％是很重要的一步，这样既使产品的用量很大，也不超过规定的限制，与LAD（水洗－晾干）作用相结合，使用本产品可以使最终用户不再需要热处理（例如熨烫）。     

Preference segments: A deeper understanding of consumer acceptance or a serving order effect?

Cluster analysis is used widely to group consumers into homogenous “preference segments” from their patterns of overall liking ratings. In several case studies, cross tabulation of sample frequencies by serving orders reveals the assignment of consumers to segments may be due to the effect of serving order as opposed to genuine differences in acceptance patterns. This effect is defined as the “serving-order-by-segment effect”. To nullify this effect, four adjustment factors were developed and applied to the assessors’ data from six consumer tests. The adjustments differed in two ways: serving position and samples. Regarding serving position, two of the adjustments affected the first-serve responses only, while the other two adjustments affected the responses for all serving positions. Regarding samples, two of the adjustments used the same value to adjust the responses for all of the samples, while the other two adjustments used sample-specific values to adjust the responses for each sample. The number of samples in each of the six consumer tests varied from three to eleven. With the exception of the eleven sample study, cluster analysis on adjusted data yielded different conclusions than for non-adjusted data and results among the four adjustments varied. Serving-order-by-sample interaction plots may be useful in determining the most appropriate adjustment factor.     

Microbial,Physical, Chemical and Sensory Qualities of Minimally Processed and Modified Atmosphere Packaged “Ready To Eat” Orange Segments

Oranges were sanitized, dried, peeled and segmented. Undamaged segments were packed under passive and active MAP with low and high oxygen in PP trays sealed with CPP/OPP film. Overall quality of the segments were monitored for 25 days at 4°C. The results showed that orange segments could be stored under passive and active MAP without significant microbial growth. There were slight changes in acidity and Brix (p ≤ 0.05) with no significant changes in pH and sugar. The hardness increased and color (L, a, b) decreased during storage. Orange segments remained in a commercially viable condition for 10 days under MAP.     

Preferences for Berries Among Consumers in Southern Chile: Blueberries Are Produced but Are They Consumed?

Blueberry plantations in Chile are oriented exclusively towards exports to northern hemisphere countries; however, this fruit has recently been introduced into the domestic market due to the increased supply and a fall in export market prices. Based on the previously mentioned, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate consumer preferences for 3 species of berries (blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries), sold loose (unpackaged) as opposed to packaged and branded, at different prices, in one of the principal blueberry producing areas of Chile; and to distinguish consumer segments by their preferences. To do this a survey was applied to 400 people in the Araucanía Region of southern Chile, who were responsible for purchasing fruit for their households. Conjoint analysis showed a preference for raspberries and strawberries over blueberries, packaged and branded, at the lowest price. Total of 2 principal segments were distinguished by cluster analysis: "price sensitive" (42.7%), who preferred strawberries, and "sensitive to species of berry" (47.5%), who preferred raspberries and strawberries. The segments presented different profiles in their demographic make-up and fruit consumption behavior. Strategies are discussed that might reverse the low acceptance of blueberries in the Chilean domestic market. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study presents information on the introduction of new fresh foods into the market.     

Indirect genomic predictions for milk yield in crossbred Holstein-Jersey dairy cattle

The objective of this study was to predict genomic breeding values for milk yield of crossbred dairy cattle under different scenarios using single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). The data set included 13,880,217 milk yield measurements on 6,830,415 cows. Genotypes of 89,558 Holstein, 40,769 Jersey, and 22,373 Holstein-Jersey crossbred animals were used, of which all Holstein, 9,313 Jersey, and 1,667 crossbred animals had phenotypic records. Genotypes were imputed to 45K SNP markers. The SNP effects were estimated from single-breed evaluations for Jersey (JE), Holstein (HO) and crossbreds (CROSS), and multibreed evaluations including all Jersey and Holstein (JE_HO) or approximately equal proportions of Jersey, Holstein, and crossbred animals (MIX). Indirect predictions (IP) of the validation animals (358 crossbred animals with phenotypes excluded from evaluations) were calculated using the resulting SNP effects. Additionally, breed proportions (BP) of crossbred animals were applied as a weight when IP were estimated based on each pure breed. The predictive ability of IP was calculated as the Pearson correlation between IP and phenotypes of the validation animals adjusted for fixed effects in the model. Regression of adjusted phenotypes on IP was used to assess the inflation of IP. The predictive ability of IP for CROSS, JE, HO, JE_HO, and MIX scenario was 0.50, 0.50, 0.47, 0.50, and 0.46, respectively. Using BP was the least successful, with a predictive ability of 0.32. The inflation of the IP for crossbred animals using CROSS, JE, HO, JE_HO, MIX, and BP scenarios were 1.17, 0.65, 0.55, 0.78, 1.00, and 0.85, respectively. The IP of crossbred animals can be predicted using single-step GBLUP under a scenario that includes purebred genotypes.