某SUV车内低速轰鸣的分析与优化

为了改善某SUV汽车加速过程中存在的低速抖动和轰鸣问题,进行了振动与噪声测试和仿真分析,提出了将单质量飞轮改成双质量飞轮、减小离合器弹簧的扭转刚度、增大传动轴的轴径以及在传动轴的末端安装扭转减振器等多种优化方案.通过综合路况实车试验,发现了安装的扭转减振器的橡胶存在老化和难以控制阻尼的问题.结果表明:低速抖动和轰鸣问题发生在发动机转速在1 200 r·min~(-1)附近,主要由传动系统的低速扭振引起;提出的优化方案能有效改善传动系统的低速扭振问题,同时能降低驾驶员和乘客耳旁的A级噪声2~3 d B;减小离合器的扭转弹簧刚度和增大传动轴的轴径为最终确定的优化方案.     

基于发动机轴系扭振抑制的扭弯减振器分析

扭弯复合减振器能同时抑制扭转振动和弯曲振动,降低发动机噪声.以发动机轴系扭转振幅最小化为目标,研究了扭弯复合减振器的设计方法,并分析扭振减振器或弯振减振器参数偏离对扭转振幅曲线的影响.分析表明:增大扭振减振器惯量比、降低弯振减振器惯量比,能减小扭转振幅曲线的共振峰值;弯振减振器阻尼比和刚度偏离最佳参数后,能增大曲线共振峰值,但影响程度很小;扭振减振器阻尼比和扭转刚度的偏离能显著增大峰值.     

机械变速器齿轮敲击现象建模及其影响因素

利用车辆基本参数和实车传动系统各部件的等效转动惯量、扭转刚度和阻尼扭转特性参数,建立了包含LuGre轮胎模型在内的传动系统非线性扭转振动和车辆纵向平移运动耦合模型.利用耦合模型再现了车辆处于一挡加速工况下各非承载齿轮对的敲击情况,并分析了各非承载齿轮对敲击强度的主要影响因素.结果表明,合理设计各挡位齿轮对齿侧间隙和等效转动惯量大小可有效抑制机械变速器齿轮敲击现象.     

发动机扭转减振器建模仿真研究

为了减小发动机的振动伤害,对发动机的扭转减振器进行了研究。首先,对其工作原理进行了研究,在此基础上建立数学模型;基于MATLAB/SIMULINK软件,建立发动机扭转减振器仿真模型,在不同的工况下进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明,扭转减振器的工作性能主要与其振幅放大系数的值有着直接关系。扭转减振器的阻尼系数、刚度以及转动惯量等都对振幅放大系数有一定的影响;并且从实验还可以看出发动机扭转角度的平衡点起初随阻尼系数的增加而增大,到了临界点后将随着阻尼系数的增加而减小,因此,在设计发动机扭转减振系统时应综合各参数建模,将阻尼系数的值设置在平衡点附近,以取得最佳的阻尼效果。     

变速箱阻滞力矩对齿轮系多体动力学及敲击噪声的影响

为了研究手动变速箱齿轮敲击噪声特性,采用集中质量法建立某乘用车手动变速箱齿轮系的多体动力学模型,计入各齿轮对的时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、输入轴转速波动,并考虑齿轮受到的由齿轮搅油阻力、齿面摩擦力、输出轴与空套齿轮内孔接触面的摩擦力引起的阻滞力矩作用,计算挂档及空套齿轮对的啮合相对间距、角加速度、动态啮合力,并计算出各个空套齿轮的敲击噪声。以产生敲击噪声最大的4档空套齿轮为例,分析得到其角加速度、动态啮合力及敲击噪声随齿轮阻滞力矩的变化规律,研究结果表明:合理优化齿轮阻滞力矩可以减少手动变速箱齿轮敲击噪声。     

SAE#2试验台湿式离合器摩擦转矩测试误差分析

为通过摩擦转矩试验准确得到湿式离合器真实传递的摩擦转矩,建立了SAE#2试验台动力学模型,并基于试验台两摩擦副和六摩擦副湿式离合器摩擦转矩测试对动力学模型进行了验证.随后提出了摩擦转矩测试误差系数以表征离合器真实传递摩擦转矩相对于测得转矩的增大程度,并对离合器主动端转动惯量和系统附加惯量对摩擦转矩测试误差系数的影响规律进行了研究.结果表明:转速转矩传感器测得的转矩并不是离合器真实传递的摩擦转矩,而是转速转矩传感器主动部分的惯性转矩,且小于离合器真实传递的摩擦转矩.随着离合器主动端转动惯量的增大,摩擦转矩测试误差系数线性增大;随着系统附加惯量的增大,摩擦转矩测试误差系数逐渐减小且减小速度逐渐减缓.     

啮合刚度及阻尼对人字齿轮振动特性的影响研究

为研究啮合刚度和阻尼对人字齿轮振动特性的影响,建立了人字齿轮弯-扭-轴耦合动力学模型,推导出相应的运动微分方程,利用Matlab求解获得了系统的动态响应。结果表明,齿轮啮合线上的振动加速度和轴向振动加速度大于齿轮横向振动加速度,是引起齿轮振动和噪声的主要原因。啮合刚度对横向、轴向和啮合线方向振动均有影响,刚度波动量主要影响横向和啮合线方向的振动,啮合阻尼主要影响啮合线方向上的振动。故增大啮合刚度、减小刚度波动量或增大阻尼可有效降低人字齿轮传动的振动和噪声。     

考虑轴颈倾斜的水润滑橡胶径向轴承的动力学特性

针对轴颈倾斜下水润滑橡胶径向轴承动力学建模问题,提出了32系数动力学模型,建立了弹流润滑模型,采用差分求解方法求解了8系数模型和32系数模型下的轴承动特性,分析了偏心率和倾斜角的变化对轴承动特性系数的影响。研究结果表明:轴承的8系数模型下刚度和阻尼系数随偏心率的增大而增大,且在大偏心率下呈指数式增大;轴承的32系数模型下角刚度和角阻尼系数也随偏心率的增大而增大;随着轴颈倾斜角增大,32系数模型下轴承的位移刚度系数、位移阻尼系数、角刚度系数、角阻尼系数、角-力交叉刚度系数、角-力交叉刚度阻尼系数、位移-力矩交叉刚度及位移-力矩交叉阻尼系数都相继增大。该研究对水润滑橡胶径向轴承的润滑性能优化设计提供了一定的参考。     

螺栓结合部静态迟滞行为分析及刚度和阻尼辨识

获得螺栓结合部的静态迟滞行为并开展刚度、阻尼辨识,对于螺栓结合部设计以及装配工艺制定十分重要.利用三维有限元模型预测螺栓结合部迟滞特性,并给出了螺栓联接接触参数的设置方法.针对获得的迟滞曲线,采用最小二乘多项式拟合推导确定了结合部刚度及阻尼参数的辨识公式.以一个简单的螺栓搭接梁为对象进行了实例研究,试验证明了该搭接梁有限元模型及获得的迟滞曲线的合理性,利用获得的迟滞曲线辨识了该螺栓结合部的时变刚度、平均刚度和损耗因子等参数.研究表明:随着预紧力的增加,螺栓结合部的刚度增加而损耗因子(阻尼参数)减小.     

精密谐波齿轮输入轴扭转刚度和迟滞测试

文章为了研究小扭矩作用下谐波齿轮输入轴扭转刚度及迟滞变化,专门研制了一套精密谐波齿轮扭转刚度测试系统。固定谐波齿轮输出轴,将力矩加载盘与输入轴固接,采用力偶的形式加载双向连续变化扭矩,利用CCD测角相机拍摄力矩加载前后的靶标图像,通过特定的图像处理软件计算出谐波齿轮输入轴转动的角度;测试结果表明:被测谐波齿轮的输入轴转角-力矩特性曲线为明显的滞回曲线,在所受力矩方向发生改变,并从0逐步增加过程中,扭转刚度锐减,特别是在±(0.1～0.2)N.m附近刚度降低明显,其迟滞约50°,且在柔轮不同工位下差别不大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.